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BRAZILIAN PAVILION 



NOTICE, 

THIS PUBLICATION, intended to be more of a souvenir of Brazil's 
participation at the International Exposition of J 904, held in St. Louis, 
commemorating: the purchase of the Louisiana Territory, than as a compre- 
hensive description of the resources of Brazil, will, nevertheless, prove to be of 
some value as a starting point for future investigation* 

The visitor, examining the products exhibited in the different depart- 
ments, might be desirous of possessing a knowledge of the progress and 
natural resources of the country from which these products, which have been 
of special interest to him, have come. 

As a usual thing, the very short time he has to make inquiries, and the 
want of knowing the easiest way of procuring the desired information, lead 
him generally to give up any idea he might have had in mind of becoming 
better acquainted with products and business methods of other countries, and 
to follow those with which he is more familiar and which do not present 
such difficulties* From a commercial point of view this is a great drawback, 
to a certain extent, for both the visitor and the exhibitor, because an oppor- 
tunity is lost which otherwise might have proven to be the beginning of 
mutually profitable commercial business relations. 

Representatives of large industries, through the medium of International 
Expositions, study the means of improving the productions of their factories, 
either by the use of better raw material, securing it cheaper by importing it 
direct from the producing centres, or by the improvement of their processes 
by using modern machinery* These gentlemen will also experience the 
same difficulty, if they can not find a source of information from which they 
can conveniently obtain reliable data upon which to judge and decide* 

This book will guide through Brazil those interested in that country* 
After reading the first part, one will get a general idea of the nature of the 
country, as seen under different aspects, its resources, productive power and 
stage of progress* The catalogue following the first part contains a general 
list of all the exhibitors whose products have been shown at the Exposition, 
and with whom a direct correspondence may be carried on, in order to gain 
certain special knowledge or information on any of the subjects mentioned* 

During the Exposition period any details or information concerning 
Brazil may be obtained direct at the Brazilian Building, World's Fair 
Grounds, or by letter to the President of the Commission* 

COL* F* M. DE SOUZA AGUIAR* 

St. Louis, September 7, J 904. 




HONORABLE F. Dk P. RODRIGUES ALVES 
President of the United States of Brazil 




..***•* 







HONORABLE IyAURO MULLER 
Secretary of Public Works 





Palm Tree Alice— Botanical Garden, 
liio cle Janeiro. 



BRAZIL is situated between 5 JO' N. and 
33 45' S.J and 8 19' 25" E. and 30 58' 
26" W. of Rio de Janeiro, the islands of 
Fernando Noronha and Trinidade, which are in the 
Atlantic Ocean and belong to the Republic, not being 
included within these limits. 

It is bounded on the southeast and northeast by the 
Atlantic Ocean; on the north by the French, Dutch 
and English Guianas and the Republic of Venezuela; 
on the northwest, west and southwest by the Repub- 
lics of Columbia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argen- 
tine, and on the south by the Republic of Uruguay. 

In area, Brazil ranks third of the countries of the 
world; Russia being the largest and the United States next. China, excepting Manchuria, is smaller 
than Brazil, but the comparison with Russia is entirely favorable to Brazil because the Brazilian lands 
are uniformly fertile and mild, while great stretches of desert tracts of land and frozen regions form 
more than one-third of the Moscovite Empire. The area of the United States even is only greater 
than that of Brazil when we take into consideration the territory of Alaska, separated from the States 
and forming a region apart. 

Brazil, large as it is, is homogeneous in character, forming, we may say, a compact territory, half 
of which is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, to which it has free communication by navigable rivers, 
the other half bordering on all the South American Republics except Equador and Chili. 

Brazil occupies almost half of the South American continent, covering an area of 3,218,130 square 
miles; it is larger than Europe, one fifth-the size of America, and one fifteenth of the entire world. 

The greater part of the country consists of an immense plateau from 1000 to 4000 feet above sea 
level, bounded on the north and south by the vast depressions formed by the basins of the great rivers, 
the Amazon and Paraguay. 

Notwithstanding the fact that 
Brazil is commonly represented 
as mountainous, the country is 
really a long plateau interspersed 
by numerous valleys and rivers. 

There are two large moun- 
tain chains; First the Coast Range 
following the Atlantic sea coast, 
then an interior range of moun- 
tains which join the first at the 
northern and southern boundaries 
of the Republic. There is also a 
strip of low land several miles 
wide, situated between the sea and 
the Coast Range Mountains. 




II III I J I " " 

™ iiJf .. . i iijfr fffr-flL , * ;fc~ . i Jt. i , ;~~ in 1 1 Trw -m i ■ 




City Hall. Bahi 




The coast of Brazil is washed by the Atlantic 
Ocean only. The waters of the entire country 
empty into this ocean. Considered with reference 
to its water system, the country presents three 
large hydrographic sections: the Amazon, the At- 
lantic and the Paraguay-Uruguay, 

The Amazon, or Sea River, is the largest flu- 
vial basin, not only of America, but of the whole 
world. Authors differ in their calculation as to the 
area of its surface. It has been estimated at 1,546,- 
000 square miles, but Elisee Reclus calculates that 
it covers 2,160,000 square miles, while Maury 
puts it down at 2,048,480 square miles, and finally 
Dr, Alois Bludau gives it 2,722,000 miles. 

In the opinion of the last writer, the basin of 
the Amazon itself covers a superficies, the total of 
which is nearly equal to the basins of the Missis- 
sippi, La Plata and the Orinoco combined. 
The Amazon takes its source in the ancient Yauri-Cocha, now called the Lauri-Cocha Lake, in 
the high regions of Peru, between the Andes and Cordilleras ; it is there quite small ; springing from 
its cradle, it glides an humble stream of water, under the name of the Alto Maranhao, known for- 
merly as the Tunguragua, But soon increasing in size, its current becomes more and more volum- 
inous, owing to innumerable rivers, affluents, furos, paranas, igarapes, etc, which join it. Already 
very large, the Amazon crosses South America from west to east, a length of about 3,724 miles, of 
which two-thirds are in Brazilian territory, washes the shores of the state to which it has given its 
name, also that of Para, and after joining the Tocantins, it finishes by rushing into the Atlantic 
Ocean with such violence that its dark waters form within it a vast sea of fresh water, measuring 
more than J 24 miles. 

Its current is enormous in volume, Martius has estimated it at about 499,584 cubic feet per 
second; he has calculated that at the mouth of the river it is J 58 miles wide, and discharges 55,000,- 
000,000 gallons of water an hour, with a current rapidity of three miles. 



Monument Second of July, Bahia. 




Rio de .Janeiro, seen from 8. Antonio Hill. 
- 8- 




The Mississippi writes Elisee Rectus, 
discharges four or five times less water and 
mud, and this same writer estimates that no 
other river deposits so large a quantity of 
alluvion. To have an idea of the mass 
of refuse it deposits one must imagine that 
it would form a block of 43 square miles in 
surface, and 33 feet in depth. 

This Rio-Mar (sea river) is an ocean 
of fresh water, dotted with floating islands, 
some small, others as large as the Isle of 
Marajo at the mouth of the river (State of 

Para), which covers 2,100 square miles, or , Part of Dr " Blumenau street (Blumenau Colony), 

that of the Isle of Tupinambarana, with a superficies of 1,000 miles, etc. 

The depth of the Amazon varies considerably according to locality and circumstances; it is from 
250 to 330 feet in certain places, and attains in others a depth of as much as 1,650 feet. Its width 
varies from 63 miles to 6,250 feet, at Obidos, where its two shores approach the nearest. This is for 
its inferior course, because at the upper part, it sometimes scarcely reaches J ,320 feet in width; for ex- 
ample, at Bracamoros, where it still bears the name of Tunguragua or Alto Maranhao. 

Over a large part of its course, fluvial navigation, even that of larger tonnage is effectuated 
without difficulty; the navigable length of the Amazon itself is 3,250 miles, and it exceeds 32,000 
miles if one adds to it its most important tributaries. It is impossible to enumerate completely these 
latter, it would become tedious; we may, however, mention the principal ones. 

On the northern bank; The Putumayo, Japura, Negro, Urubu, Jamunda, Trombetas, Curua, 
Gurupatuba, Paru, Jary. 

On the southern bank; Javary, Jundiatyba, Jutahy, Jurua, Teffe, Coary, Purus, Madeira, 
Mamore, Guapore, Tapajos, Xingu, Tocantins, Araguaya. 

The tide has a great influence on the Amazon River and extends many hundred miles from its 
mouth. The floods of this immense river depend principally upon the rain-fall and not upon the 
melting of glaciers at its source, as is generally the case with other large rivers; for instance, at one 

part of its basin, the rainy season occurs in March, 
and at another part, in September, one can therefore 
imagine the great volume of water this river receives. 
The rainy season of March occurs on the Guay- 
nense Plateau, and that of September in the Andine 
system and on the Brazilian Plateau, through which 
the southern affluents flow; these being the most im- 
portant, the floods of the Amazon occur during the 
rainy period in the south, in September. At this time 
the average rise of water is 33 feet; the maximum it 
attains, 56 feet, the great flood lasting 120 days. 

At the northern part of the mouth of the Amazon, 
a curious phenomenon occurs, called Pororoca. Dur- 
ing the full and the dark of the moon, the tide reaches 
its highest point for a few minutes only. As soon as 
this tide begins to come, a rumbling roar can be heard 
far away, at a distance of at least five or six miles — 
it is the Pororoca approaching. 



Jequltiba Tree. 




-9- 




AMAZON. 
I— Rio Negro. 2— Amazon Monument. :'.-) 5— Landscapes 



r"^ 



This roaring increases with the coming of the first 
wave, which is from 13 to 20 feet high and which covers 
the entire width of the channel; another wave follows 
immediately, then a third and sometimes a fourth. 

After these waves have passed, the impetuosity and 
force of which nothing can resist, the tide resumes its 
regular course. 

On the Atlantic section the most important rivers 
are: Oyapoc, Cunany, Amapa, Calsoene, Araguary, 
Parnahyba, Gurupy, Mearim, Itapicuru, Jaguaribe, Para- 
hyba do Norte, Capiberibe, Sao Francisco, Iguape, Itajahy, 
Tubarao and Rio Grande do Sul. 

Next to the Amazon, the Sao Francisco River is one 
of the most important rivers of South America, and the 
most important of those exclusively Brazilian; it extends 
over more territory than any of the European rivers, 
except the Volga and is the fourth largest river of the 
Western Hemisphere, the Amazon being first, the Mississippi second, the Paraguay third and the Sao 
Francisco fourth. It is longer than the Oronoco and one-third longer than the Rhine. Its basin is 
not so large, being compressed between the two ranges, the Espinhac.0 and Oriental. 

This river rises in the high mountainous region and forms here the beautiful Falls of Casa 
d'Anta, from which point it flows through its narrow basin to discharge its waters into the Atlantic 
Ocean at \\ south latitude. 

The larger part of its course is taken through the high plateau, where for a length of more than 
1,000 miles it is entirely navigable and navigated. Changing its course with a slight tendency 
towards the east, it begins to descend from the plateau by a series of narrows, falls and cascades, 
of which the most noted are the celebrated Paulo Affonso Falls. 



raraguassu River Falls. 




Natural Size of Famous Carbon (Black Diamond), found at IJrejo. 
-11 - 




Visconde Rio Branco Monument. 



"At this point the Sao Francisco has received all 
"its important affluents, which are almost all on its left 
** bank. Here the entire volume of water is condensed 
"and, forced to go through the narrow gorge formed by 
"the last two rocky walls, it hurries, rushes, dashes 
"along, to throw itself vertiginously past a granite 
"acclivity and falls from a dizzy height of 268 ft,, 
"forming four channels, many yards wide. ♦ . . 
"But the most admirable of all is that the channel 
"being curved, the currents meet again with a tre- 
"mendous crash, and for many miles afar the roaring 
"is distinctly heard. The traveler, from a long dis- 
tance, hears the dull rumbling of the Falls. . . . 
' It is not only marvelous — it is appalling— the ground 
"shakes — it seems as if many volcanoes are in a state 
"of simultaneous eruption. The waters increase, they 
"writhe and wrangle, they withdraw, only to strike 
"again with titanic force, causing a deafening noise. Around the Falls the entire space becomes over- 
"cast with mist and spray from the spouting and foaming water. And see, just now the sun 
"projecting its beams through the mist, lighting it with many iridescent bows, glittering with the 
"colors of the topaz, ruby, emerald and sapphire. O! there is no one who can describe the mighty 
"wonders of nature!" — (O, Bilac.) 

These Falls are from 45 to 54 ft. wide, and the river, passing through so narrow a channel, 
gives to the current a vertiginous impetuosity. 

The Paulo Affonso Falls, rivaling the Niagara in height and volume of water, present an entirely 
different aspect. Seen from a distance, Niagara is more majestic, but upon approaching, it must be 
acknowledged that the Paulo Affonso Falls excel it. The quantity of water is perhaps greater in the 
former, but it falls with uniformity over a wide ledge, while in the latter the volume of water, being 
more condensed and forced through a much narrower channel, creates a variety of aspects and singu- 
larity of contrasts that can be seen only in the Paulo Affonso Falls. 

At the bottom of the precipice this raging torrent, encompassed between two cliffs, follows its 

course, without interruption, forming many other smaller falls, of which the Veados is the principal one. 

The Sao Francisco River discharges 27,786,000 gallons per minute above the Falls. The height 




Picking Coffee. 
- 12- 



of this Falls is 268 ft. The above figures 
indicate that over two million horse power 
can be generated, if properly used. Its nat- 
ural disposition and situation, being 250 
miles only from the Capital of the State 
of Bahia, would make this an easy matter. 

The Paraguay-Uruguay section, better 
known as the Prata basin, forms in Bra- 
zilian territory three distinct rivers, the 
Paraguay, Parana and Uruguay. 

The geological formation of the vast 
territory of Brazil has not as yet been suf- 




Street in the City of Maranhao. 




Ironclad "Kiachuelo. 



fiently studied, but by the statements obtained at different times, it can be affirmed that the base 
of the great plateau is composed of metamorphic rocks of ancient formation, of which the moun- 
tains are almost all formed. 

These mountains appear isolated in all 
the states, and jagged points of this special 
formation project visibly where the plains 
have been washed off and completely de- 
vastated. The Lorencian system is not 
very rich in minerals of commercial value, 
but contains extensive deposits of iron ore 
and, in the upper layers, particles of gold 
have been found. 

In the eastern part of the State of 
Minas Geraes, which belongs to this system, 
quantities of precious stones have been found: 
crysolite, green and red turmalines, amethyst, 
andalusite and transparent triphane, mines 
of which have been more or less worked. 
In the same regions, on the borders of the River Jequitinhonha, are extensive deposits of 
fine graphite, which compares favorably with the best graphite of other countries, even Ceylon. 

The world's production of graphite is not sufficient to 
meet the demand, and a new source of supply in Brazil 
will be welcomed. 

The richest mineral deposits of Brazil are found in 
the layers belonging to the Huronean system. Inex- 
haustible deposits of iron ore, of the finest quality imag- 
inable, are found in this system, awaiting only the inge- 
nuity of man to extract it from its beds, to be used to 
further his most ambitious projects. 

The mining and manufacturing industries of this 
valuable and important metal have been worked by very 
primitive methods only, small forges being used in dif- 
ferent parts of the country with as good results as can 
be expected. The insignificant results are used for local 
purposes only. 



Coffee Tree, 




13- 




Curytiba Gymnasium. 



The establishment of plants for the develop- 
ment of these industries is merely a question of 
capital, the profits would be large and sure. Im- 
ported products of this nature could not compete 
with the domestic material ON ACCOUNT OF 
THE HEAVY DUTIES AND FREIGHT 
CHARGES IMPOSED. 

Nearly all the gold that has been mined in the 
the States of Minas Geraes, S. Paulo, Parana, Goyaz, 
Matto Grosso and Bahia has been taken from mines 
of the second series or to be more exact, in the alluvia 
formed from it. 

In different rocks of this series gold appears in 
veins of quartz, accompanied by sulphate of iron, 
arsenic and sometimes copper, bismuth, lead and 
antimony. Some of the pyriteous veins are extra- 
ordinary in size and uniform consistency of this 
precious metal. 
Gold mines in great numbers have been located all over the country and it would require but 
little capital to work these ores on a profitable basis. 

GOLD - Gold mining has been carried on in Brazil for over a century, and although, until quite 
recently only the old and most primitive methods were employed, very large quantities of gold have 
been extracted. The results are yet more gratifying now that modern machinery is being introduced. 
Extensive alluvial deposits are known to exist which contain as much as 778 grains of gold per 
ton of gravel. These deposits are found in some river beds in the States of Minas Geraes, Goyaz, 
Bahia, S. Paulo, Espirito Santo t Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, especially in Matto Grosse and also in 
the district called "Calcoene" in the State of Para. 

The gold mines of Brazil are, on the average, richer than those of the Transvaal region in 
South Africa. The latter average from J 24 to 155 grains of gold per ton of ore, very seldom reach- 
ing as much as 217 grains, as in Main Reef, whereas the average yield of the ore of the Morro 
Velho mines in Minas Geraes, considered a poor mine, is 387 grains to the ton of ore. 

The S. Joao d r el Rey Company, owning the Morro Velho mine, incorporated with a capital of 
£500,000, has obtained profits of £350,000 per year, with indications of an increase. 

There are now working in Minas Geraes eight large gold mining companies, of which five are 
English and one French, representing an aggregate capital of £1,500,000, besides many smaller ones 
in course of organization. 

The gold-dredging process, for the exploration of 
alluvial and river deposits, is now also being intro- 
duced, thus, the "Trans Pacific Mining and Explora- 
tion Company, Limited" has commenced operating 
in the Cochipo District of Matto Grosso while several 
Brazilian syndicates have started on the "Ribeirao do 
Carmo" and other rivers in the State of Minas Geraes. 
At the Maquine mines, belonging to the "D. Pedro 
Nord d'El Rey Co." in 1868, 270 lbs. of gold were ob- 
tained from 130 tons of ore, and by the primitive pro- 
cess of "Panning" still in use at this mine, in 1888 the 
yield was nine lbs. of gold per month. 




at PIrituba, 



14 




Avenue Seventh of September, Tetropolis. 



In Rio Grande do Sul, gold is abundantly found m 
two distinct zones, the granite zone at Lavras, and 
Barcellos where it accompanies the eruptive porphyry and 
syenite, and in the belt of primitive chloritic— micaceous 
— and argillaceous slates between S. Sepe and Suspiro. 
The gold appears nearly always in lodes of quartz, 
partly as free gold, mostly, however, as sulphides, the 
former only being recovered* 

Important gold deposits exist also in Assurua, 
Chapada, Rio Verde, Minas do Rio das Contas, Serra do 
Andarahy. Serra do Urubu, Serra da Jacutinga, Rio 
Itapicuru, Serra do Sincora, Mandiocal, Morro do Fogo, 
Paramirlm, Pambu, Serra da Itiuba, all in the State of 
Bahia; Rio Claro, Piloes, Rio Maranhao, Trahyras, S. 
Jose do Tocantins, in Goyaz, etc. 

The gold deposits of Uruburetana, State of Ceara are 
very rich. 

The gold deposits of Bom Jesus, in the same State, 
in particular offer exceptional advantages; analyses made in London and the Ouro Preto Mining 
School showing a yield of between 38 and 177.5 grammes per metric ton (corresponding to a value of 
from $22.90 to $111.00 per long ton or $20.50 to $101.00 per short ton). These deposits are only 6 
miles from an important city served by the railway, with abundance of water for milling and power, 
in a populous district where labor is good, abundant and cheap. 

The total amount of gold, exported from all the States of Brazil was: 

In 1901 - 8,965 lbs. 

In 1902 ... _ . 7,692 lbs. 

The gold recovered by the St. John d'el Rey Co. in 1901 amounted to £134,557 and another 
English Co., the Ouro Preto Gold Mines of Brazil recovered during the same period gold to the value 
of £87,821: not to mention the production of the many other minor companies. 

During the first six months of last year (1903) 7,676 lbs. of gold bullion were exported from 
Brazil amounting in value to $2,073,000. 

COPPER— Next to gold, the most valuable and abundant metal is copper, which is found 
all through the belt of "Jurassic" sandstones, shales and conglomerates covering the Serra de Cacapava 

to the extent of about 75 miles N, to S. and of almost equal 
width. 

It occurs sometimes as green or bluish silicate of low 
percentage, impregnating considerable masses of rock and 
giving them a greenish hue, as at Cacapava, Pequery, etc., 
or again as sprinkling or nets of thin veinlets of grey 
sulphide, also impregnating the rock as at Cacapava. 
Regular well-developed lodes of rich grey "glance" ore 
are found at the Camaquam Mines, Serro Martins, 
Cagapava and Seival, copper pyrites (chalcopyrite) more 
rarely, at the Camaquam Mines and Vaccacahy. Malachite 
and Azurite are very rare, red copper ore (ruby copper) has 
only been found, so far, at Quarahy and native copper, at 
Cacapava, Lavras, Vaccacahy and Quarahy. 




Corcovado Railway 



15 




I— Diamond Washing 



lg> 2— Gold Washing. 3— Hydraulic Diamond Washing. 




Tacoaral Bridge, Parana 



First in order, no doubt, are the Camaquam Copper 
Mines, at the S. E. corner of the above zone, on the banks 
of the Camaquam River. Some very rich and 
well developed lodes of rich grey "glance" ore, assay- 
ing up to 60 and 70% of copper, and of copper 
pyrites, averaging 30% f were discovered here a few years 
ago and reported upon, which led to the property being 
bought by Belgian capitalists, who organized the "Societe 
des Mines de Cuivre du Camaquam/' some three years 
ago. The company is doing well and is just concluding 
the erection of a large "Humbold" concentrating plant of 
smelting furnaces, and of a huge dam across the river to 
obtain motive power for a large electric plant. 

The same rich lodes of grey "glance" appear again 
farther N. W., on the land belonging to Barnardino Lara, 
at the headwaters of the Arroio do Vargas and Irapua 
River, and at "Serro Martins/' the property of Dr. Jose Chaves, the owners having no capital to develop 
them, These lodes are favorably known so far by their rich outcrops and their very promising features. 
The same may be said of a cluster of half a dozen mines which extend in a line on the same 
lode or belt, west of the town of Cagapava, near the Santa Barbara River. As far as has been 
investigated, they all seem to belong to a belt of shale, 20 to 30 yards wide, impregnated with 
silicate and carbonate of copper and rich grey "glance," standing almost on edge and running S. E. 
to N. W. between banks of sandstone and conglomerate. At intervals of J to 3 kilometres this 
impregnated shale crops out, forming sharp, jagged ledges, which are named by their owners the 
"Primavera," "Chaves," "Mathias Velho," "Leao," "Pinos," etc., Mines. 

The most important, and only one so far examined, seems to be the "Primavera" Mine, belong- 
ing to Messrs. Archer and Luce, of Porto Alegre, and others. The belt has been examined here 
down to 100 feet below the surface and proved to contain a regularly increasing quantity of copper, 
in some places even native copper. Although the bulk of the impregnated rock, taken all through, 
does not average more than 6 or 7 % of copper, it lends itself easily, by its composition, to concen- 
tration, and practical trials having been made in London over the "Wilfley" concentrator, resulted in 
one ton of concentrates of 50 fr of copper being obtained from 6 tons of the bulk rock, averaging 6 % . 

As the quantity of this kind of impregnated rock in this region 
is almost inexhaustible, it would be a splendid and profitable 
investment for a foreign syndicate with sufficient capital to put 
up a large central concentrating establishment and to buy up 
the ore at a cheap price from all the surrounding clusters of 
mines to concentrate and then export it. 

In the N. E. corner of the zone, in the valley of the 
Pequery River, there is a tract of shale impregnated with 
silicate of copper and containing also some lodes of grey copper, 
"glance" and chalcopyrites, which, however, as yet have not 
been properly investigated. Ore of the same nature appears 
again south of Cagapava, between that town and Lavras, in 
the valley of the Seival River. A. M. Beltrao, of Buenos 
Ayres, having discovered some well defined lodes of rich 
grey "glance," acquired the property and has now negotiated 
with a French syndicate, -which is commencing development. 




Jose Alencar Monument. 



17 




Paqueta. 



Passing to the southern bank of the 
Camaquam River, the copper zone terminates 
at Lavras, close to the "Aurora" gold mine 
above mentioned* Some very rich but thin 
lodes of copper-glance, malachite and azurite 
are found here on the contact line of the 
"Jurassic" beds with granite and porphyry, 
also some native copper in small quantities. 
They are on the property of the "Vista Alegre 
Gold Mining Estates, Limt." 

Farther east on the right bank of the 
Camaquam River, in the "Rincao das Palmas," 
the same formation crops out again, the rocks 



being impregnated with silicate, carbonate and other combinations of copper, but of no commercial value. 

Bom Retiro, on the upper Vaccacahy. Here chalcopyrites, and in one place also native copper, 
are found accompanying several gold-lodes as mentioned under "Gold." 

Quarahy-Alegrette-Uruguayana. Nothing definit2 is known as yet of the copper deposits of this 
zone, in the S. W. corner of the State, although very rich samples have come from there sometimes 
with ruby copper and native copper. 

Rich deposits of copper exist in the States of Bahia, Ceara, Parana, Matto Grosso, etc. 

In Bahia, the deposits of Carahyba are perhaps the largest in the world, and those of Maracas 
are very rich. In Parana deposits are found in Guarapuava and Ivahy. 

SILVER — LEAD— There are some lead deposits in the State of Bahia, at Jequie, and Assurua; 
in Parana, at Serro Azul and Mosumby and in the State of Matto Grosso. Silver is abundant in the 
first state at Serra do Assurua, Cachoeira do Inferno, Tucano, Bom fim, Riachos, Bananeiras, Aipim, 
Rio da Caixa, Serra da Borracha: and in Parana at Paranagua, Guaratuba and Tibagy. 

In the State of Rio Grande do Sul the only deposits worth mentioning seem to exist at Lavras, on 
the estate of the "Vista Alegre Gold Mining Estates, Limt," whsre thsy accompany the copper lodes 
mentioned above. Scales of native silver are found here in a curious kind of shale yielding 29 ounces 
of silver to the ton, besides native gold and grains of native copper. 

Farther on two lodes of rich galena crop out. The one yields 23 ounces of silver and 44 % of lead, 
the other, yielding 20 1-2 ounces of silver, 20 % of lead and \5 r ,c of copper changes afterwards 
into a copper lode. Galena is also 
reported from the Serra do Herval, 
near Encruzilhada and Cacapava, 
but nothing definite is, as yet, 
known about it. 

TIN — WOLFRAM — 
MONASITE— On the crest of the 
Serra do Herval, between Caca- 
pava and Encruzilhada, there is 
a very broken and jagged region 
known as the "Serro da Arvore," 
across which runs a belt of gneiss 
with quartzite and an abundance 
of mica. 

In this gneiss 3 or 4 lodes of 
quartz have teen proved, very 



Sugar-cane I Man tat ion in the State ol Matto Grosso. 
18- 





A Settler's Home in (iaribaldi. 



regularly developed, averaging about J to 2 
feet in thickness and the one can be traced 
along the surface for a considerable distance, 
more than \ kilometre. Along the outcrops 
of these lodes is found a quantity of crystal- 
lized wolfram or tungsten, which also im- 
pregnates the quartz and is accompanied in 
places by iron-pyrites and copper-pyrites. 
The gneiss and quartzite adjoining is in 
places impregnated with cassiterite, some- 
times in very large crystals, and with 
monasite sands which are also found in quantities in the pools of the brooks running from these hills. 
Beautiful crystals of turmaline appear also, but are exceedingly rare. 

The ground has so far only been examined superficially and it cannot be said to what depth and 
extent these minerals may be found. 

IRON —The iron production is very small in Brazil, as aforesaid, but it is hard to point out a 
country where that metal may be found in such abundance. It would be almost impossible to 
designate each one of all the iron deposits known in the country. It has been already stated that the 
iron formation spreads from the States of Goyaz and Matto Grosso to the State of Rio Grande do Sul. 
The Ipanema Iron Mines in S. Paulo have already produced a large quantity of cast and malleable 
iron and the finest grade of steel. This foundry has ceased operation for many years and the Govern- 
ment desires to sell or lease it. Many smelting plants can be found in the country but almost all the 
iron used by them is imported. 

Iron can be found in beds in almost all the counties of Minas Geraes; there is a region bounded by 
the heights of Itacolomy, Itabira, Piedade, Caraga and Serra de Cocaes, where they are found in extensive 
groups. This zone contains almost 3,200 sq. miles, is at a height of from 3,200 to 5,030 ft. above sea 
level and about 300 miles distant from the nearest port, that of Rio de Janeiro. 

In this region the oxides predominate and can be divided into four classes: compact hematites, 
magnetites, ferruginous micachistus and conglomerates. The hematites form large sloping layers 
from 30 to 50 yds. high, containing usually from 66 to 70 % of metallic iron, with a little silica and 

traces of phosphorus. The magnetic oxides 
form high layers in the neighborhood of Sabara, 
Itabira do Campo, Sao Miguel do Piracicaba 
and Gandarella. The ferruginous micachistus, 
commonly known as itabyritos, are formed by 
scales of brilliant specular iron and quartz, in 
alternate layers of variable thickness. Sometimes 
it forms a brilliant ferruginous sand called 
Jacutinga, precious, on account of its easy reduc- 
tion. The conglomerates are formed by disin- 
corporated fragments of other ores, especially the 
hemati-es and ferruginous micachistus incorporated 
wiih a ferruginous clay. This ore is known as 
Canga, and is found in large layers sometimes 
30 feet high, covering the ground for hundreds of 
square miles. The richness of these ores is de- 
monstrated by the following analyses, showing the 
wealth of some of the Brazilian iron ores: 




Watering Place for Fire Brigade. Rio de Janeiro. 



19 




Medical School, 15ahia. 



1. Compact hematite from 
Itabira do Campo, analyzed by Sir 
E. Riley & Co. of London. 

Silica 0.37 % 

Iron peroxide . . 98.98 % 

Alumina traces 

Manganese .... 0.38 % 

Lime 0.J8 % 

Phosphorus acid 0.023 # 

Sulphur 0.007 % 

Water 0.22 % 

J00.J6 f /r 

Metallic iron . . . 69.29 % 
Phosphorus .... 0.0 JO % 



2. Hematite from Itabira do Campo, an- 
alyzed in the Krupp Factory, Essen, Germany: 

Metallic iron 69.86 % 

Silica O.J40'v 

Manganese 0.007 % 

Phosphorus 0.002 % 

Sulphur nihil 



3. Oligist from Cata Branca, analyzed by 
the Pittsburg Testing Laboratory: 

Metallic iron 67.95 % 

Silica 1.22 % 

Sulphur 0.088 V 

Phosphorus 0.035^ 

Water 0.36 % 



4. Magnetite from Sabara, analyzed by 
the United States Steel Corporation Company 
of New York: 

Metallic iron 70.23 % 

Silica 0.66 % 

Phosphorus 0.018 % 

Alumina 0.J3 % 

Manganese 0.06 % 

Lime 0.08 % 

Magnesia 0.30 % 

Water 0.66 % 



5. Ferruginous conglomerate, from Gand- 
arella, Minas Geraes, analyzed at the Mining 
School of Ouro Preto: 

Metallic iron 64.04 V 

Silica 4.78% 

Alumina 0.74 c /r 

Manganese 0.27 % 

Lime 0.25 ' \ 

Phosphorus traces 

Sulphur nihil 



In Minas Geraes there are, at the present 
time, two iron plants in operation: Uzina Wigg 
and Uzina Esperan^a, which use ore from Cata 
Branca and Miguel Burnier. The flux used is 
of a calcareous nature found near by, of which 
the analysis is as follows: 

Lime 23.6 ' < 

Oxide of iron and alumina ... 11.1 % 

Magnesia 13.6 ' ' > 

Residuous 16.5 % 

Lost in the fire 35.2 % 

100.09 > 




\lto da Serin Mat ion. 



20 - 




Curytiba City, Tiradentes Square. 
The fuel used is charcoal made in the woods belonging to the companies, at a cost of $2.31 per 
cubic yard, delivered at the factory. The furnaces are loaded with: 

Iron ore 87 pounds Silica 6.54 % 

Flux 43 pounds Charcoal J.30 cubic yd. 

Clay 43 pounds 

"Which give a product of the following composition: 

Carbon graphite 3.513 % Manganese t 405 % 

Carbon combined 0.219 % Iron 93.555 % 

Silicium 2.409% Titanium 0.084% 

Sulphur 0,007 % Copper traces 

Phosphorus 0. J33 % Arsenic nihil 

COAL. The coal formation is very extensive in Brazil, coal being known to exist almost every- 
where along the coast, from the Amazon River in the north to the frontier of Rio Grande do Sul in 
the extreme south. 

Although no systematic geologic investigations have as yet been made, it is known, by the out- 
crops, that the coal fields, especially in the southern States of Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catharina 

extend for several hundred miles and are formed of a 
number of beds, overlying each other, some of them 
attaining a thickness of six to eight feet, and believed 
to belong to the true coal formation. 

The coal is of a medium hard, semi-bituminous 
nature, perfectly adapted for steam purposes and some 
also for gas and cooking. It burns quickly, gives a 
strong flame and a reasonable proportion of ash. 

Anthracite has not yet been discovered in Brazil. 
Lignite is found in Minas Geraes and other States, and 
peculiarly interesting is the light greyish-brown bitum- 
inous shale of Marahu in Bahia, from which mineral 
oils are extracted. Asphalt is also known to exist in 
Santa Catharina. As it is the case with all the other min- 
eral resources of Brazil, with the exception of gold and 
diamonds, which made Brazil famous more than a cen- 
tury ago, it is only quite recently that public attention 
is being turned towards the development and utiliza- 
tion of the Brazilian coal fields. 




Arborescent Fern. 



21 




SAO V()A() Do PARAGUASSU DIAMANTIFEROUS SANDS 
i Paraguassu River. 2 3— Dlamantlferous Rocks, i— 5— Miners' Huts. 6- Sab i'oao do Paraguassu Town. 




Fire Brigade Headquarters, Rio de Janeiro. 



The rapidly increasing industries and the devel- 
opment of railroad systems are creating a very active 
demand for fuel, which for the most part is supplied 
by the forests of the country. This is causing such a 
rapid destruction of all forests, especially along the 
coast line, that the Government, authorized by Con- 
gress, and to prevent evil effects resulting therefrom, has 
been obliged to turn its serious attention to the exploi- 
tation of its home coal fields as a substitute for wood, 
as fuel* The authorities are considering this momen- 
tous question and it is very probable that they will 
promote and direct efficacious means to put to good 
use the immense wealth of the country, \ 

Brazil is importing instead of exporting what she 
has to excess. Any foreign company organized with 
sufficient capital to open up the coal fields in the coun- 
try, would be sure of profitable returns. Hitherto the 
only place where coal has been actually worked to a 
certain extent is at S. Jeronimo or Arroio dos Ratos, in 
the State of Grande do Sul. Here a small colliery has 
been supplying for years past the local demand, and the 
coal has been proved to be perfectly well adapted to rail- 
ways, river steamers and factories, being also economic. 

The secluded position, however, of this colliery, above Porto Alegre, the difficulty of means of 
transportation and the exceedingly high freight rates, make it impossible for this coal to be shipped to 
northern ports or to depend on any but local consumption. 

Better are the conditions of the coal fields of Tubarao in the adjoining State of Santa Catharina. 

Not only the coal beds here seem to be of better quality, greater thickness and greater extent, but 

a railroad existing 70 miles in length, facilitates the transport down to the sea coast, and it is 

calculated that with the necessary improvements in the means of transportation the coal could be 

brought to Rio de Janeiro and the other chief sea-ports on the coast, at a cost of $4.50 per ton. 

Considering that over 1,000,000 tons of Welsh coal are imported now yearly into those ports and 
sold at the average price of $10 a ton, and although it is true that the calorific power of the Tubarao 
coal is in proportion only 77 per cent, of that of the best "Welsh coal, yet it will doubtless come to be 

used -with advantage as a substitute 
and prove a lucrative enterprise to those 
who undertake to bring it on the 
market. 

At a place named Cedro, in the 
State of Parana, district of Imbituba, 
the General Government has ordered 
that the condition of a large coal bed 
recently discovered be investigated 
and studied. This deposit is on a 
railroad line that goes to Ponta Grossa, 
one of the railroad centers of the 
State. 





Notwithstanding the fact that the product has been taken 
from superficial beds only, it proves to be of first-class quality. 
It made quick steam and bore the full pressure in a locomo- 
tive running from the Capital to Serrinha, 36 miles, at the 
regular speed and keeping up to the normal time table, as 
well as if Cardiff coal had been used. In heating capacity, it 
corresponds to J 00:96 compared with Newcastle coal; as coke 
producer 100:92, and in quantity of ashes 95:100. 

Coal is known to exist in the same State in Lapa, S. Jose da 
Boa Vista, Ponta Grossa and Guarapuava in the Itajahy valley. 
MANGANESE— Of equal importance with iron are the 
immense deposits of manganese that can be found in many 
States of Brazil. A few of these deposits have been worked 
in Minas Geraes and Bahia, but there are many others in the 
States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catharina, Sao Paulo, 
Matto Grosso and Goyaz that could also be easily worked. 
The first exportation of this mineral from Brazil was made in 1895 from the deposits of Minas 
Geraes and has increased from 6,765 tons exported in that year to 183,106 tons in 1903. 

The Brazilian manganese can be divided into two classes : one associated with iron ore and the 
other with gneiss. The value of these ores is shown by the following analyses: 

1. Ore from the Miguel Bournier mines, analyzed by Sir E. Riley & Co., London. 

Silicia 1.27 % 

Metallic manganese 55.02 % 

Alumina 1.45 % 

Oxide of iron 4.03 % 

Magnesia 0.05 % 

Baryta 1.90 % 

Phosphorus 0.021 % 

Combined water 4.74 % 

Sulphuric acid 0.064 % 

Alkalis 0.55 % 

Arsenic acid 0.034% 

2. Pyrolusite sample from Queluz, analyzed by the Ouro Preto Mining Co. 

Silica 0.4 % 

Iron and alumina 0.5 % 

Metallic manganese 61.96 % 

Phosphorus Traces 

The deposits of manganese in Minas Geraes are all located near the Central Brazilian Railway 
or connected with it by special lines. All these deposits are found at a higher level than that of the 
railway. The transportation to the sea-port of Rio de Janeiro by the Central Railway costs $1.50 per 
ton ; the export tax paid to the State, 20 cents ; the entire expense of one ton of ore on board at Rio de 
Janeiro, including mining, never exceeds $5.00 per ton. The following table of thz average analysis 
made in 1900 by the Carnegie Steel "Works shows how rich the Brazilian manganese really is in com- 
parison with that of ."other^countries : 

RUSSIAN CHILIAN E. INDIAN JAPANESE BRAZ'L'N 

Silica 1 1.000 1 1.510 3.290 5.600 1.400 

Iron 0.710 4.060 9.230 3.620 3.390 

Phosphorus 0.163 0.080 0.242 0.115 0.028 

Moisture 3.500 0.410 0.930 5.630 15.460 

Met. manganese. 49,020 51.060 46.180 50.200 52.530 




r i nun i 



f 



- 24 



Yplranga Monument . 



Campus of D Bosco school. 

The manganese deposits of Matto Grosso t which are exceptionally rich and abundant, -will be 
exploited by foreign syndicates. Those of Santa Catharina, near the maginificent port of Sao 
Francisco, are yet untouched. 

MONASITE — The Brazilian monasites are known as the richest in thorium, a kind of rare 
mineral used in the manufacture of mantles for the Auer incandescent gas light. Thorium is the 
mineral that gives commercial value to the monasitic sand. Some monasitic sands are without this 
mineral and others contain it to the amount of from 10 to 12% (thorium oxide). 

The Brazilian monasite generally contains from 1 to 6 (/ r of this oxide, its specific weight 
being 5.12. 

In Brazil these sands are found on the sea coast and along the banks of some rivers, but the only 
deposits yet exploited are those in the southern part of Bahia, in Alcoba^a, Prado, Porto Seguro, and 
in the State of Espirito Santo, in Barra de Sao Matteus, Guarapary and Beneventes. The whole deposits 
known in Bahia do not cover a larger area than 4 miles, and those of Espirito Santo do not exceed 2 
miles, but on the sea-shore, where crystalized rocks are covered with more recent sediment, it is 
supposed that some deposits can be found. 

The necessary cost attached to the working of this sand for exportation is confined to the 
extraction from the deposits, to the shipment by sea and to the export tax which is paid to the 
Government. At low tide the sand is mechanically separated by its own gravity in running water, 
an easy operation on account of the great weight of the sand. 

As the monasitic sands are generally found on the sea-coast in the zone belonging to the General 
Government of the Republic, the Federal Government supervises this work, which is leased annually 
to the highest bidder. 

The following analysis of a sample of monasitic 
sand — not a characteristic one, however, because of the 
percentage of thorium being far below the average — is 
quoted to show the general composition of the mineral only: 

Corium oxide 32.92 % 

Didymium oxide \ 7 q, c . 

Lanthanum oxide j 



13.98 



Zirconium oxide \ 
Vitrium oxide J 

Thorium oxide 1.48 ^ 

Glucinium oxide 1.25 % 

Lead oxide Traces. 

Iron oxide 1.83 % 

Alumina oxide 1.62 % 

Lime oxide 1.20 % 

Tantalic acid ... .66 % 

Titanic acid 4.67 % 

Phosphoric acid 18.38 % 

Silicic acid 6.40 % 

Loss and not determined 7.72 % 

100.00 'r 




Lewlstonia Palm Tree. 



25 




MARAHU PETROLEUM WORKS, 
i General View ol works. 2— Candle-Factory. 8— Soap Factory 




Drill of Fire Brigade, l!io de Janeiro. 



The total known monasitic supples are: 
NORTH CAROLINA— 200 tons per annum, 
apparently in perpetuity* 

PR ADO — 1600 tons per annum can be exported 
without injuring the capacity of the monasitic bearing 
clays. 

ESPIRITO SANTO— Total estimated weight 
of monasite. about 16,000 tons. 

NORWAY — Produces small quantities of mona- 
site, which thus far has not entered the market to any 
extent. 

Ever since the lamps of the Welsbach patent have 
been so extensively used, the present demand ha£ 
greatly increased. It is impossible to speak with abso- 
lute certainty now, but taking 4000 tons as the average 
output per annum, it is very probable that the end of 
the present decade will see a very serious shortage of 
thoria. Unless further discoveries of large beds are 
made, it will be necessary to find some substitute for 
this substance in the manufacture of incandescent 
mantles, such as zirconia. Zircon, which accompanies 
monasite, is rich in it and is far more plentiful, but the 
great drawback to its use is the disagreeable greenish 
color of the light which is emitted by mantles composed wholly or partly of it. 

DIAMONDS — The existence of diamonds in the auriferous districts of the north of the State of 
Minas Geraes has been known with certainty since 1789. From this time to the present this district 
has not ceased to yield annually a notable quantity of these precious stones. Since 1870 the 
output has considerably diminished, owing to the depreciation in price following the discovery of the 
great deposits at the Cape of Good Hope, and the enormous number of stones thus coming on the market. 
To-day, despite these unfavorable conditions, in all the diamantiferous basins of Brazil one still 
finds the native workers, whose daily finds, however, alone prevent the industry from dying out. 

These basins are situated in the States of Minas Geraes, Bahia, Parana, Goyaz, Matto Grosso and 
Sao Paulo. In other States the existence of diamonds has been ascertained, but I propose to occupy 
myself with the deposits having some importance, of which the locality is well known. Thus far, as 
with gold, the State of Minas Geraes is richest in diamonds. Here, as elsewhere, they are found in 
quaternary alluvial deposits. Only two deposits are yet known which do not conform to this rule — 
until recently considered absolute. In Minas Geraes the most important deposits are those of Cocaes, 

forty miles north of Curo Preto; those of 
Diamantina, the most important of all, com- 
prising a belt of country one hundred and 
twenty miles in length by twelve to twenty 
miles wide, including the basins of the Rivers 
Jequitinhonha, Doce and Sao Francisco from 
the valley of Conceigao to Jcquitahy; those 
of Grao Mogol in the Jequitinhonha; those of 
Abaete and affluents of the Sao Fiancisco, 
and those of Bagagem in the Parana basin. 



-27- 





Normal Institute, Bahia. 



In the State of Bahia the deposits cover 
vast areas in the Rio das Contas t near the 
towns of Lencpes and Sincoral, by which 
names the workings are known. In the 
Rio Pardo basin, some years ago (1886-7), 
were discovered, near its mouth, two 
diamantiferous placers which bear the 
name of Cannavieiras. 

At Parana the diamantiferous gravels 
are worked by a company. 

All these deposits present the same 
characteristics, whether it be in the water 
courses, in the river banks, or on the plateau traversed by small streams, which are almost dry in 
winter, or in the mountain gorges. They are formed of a calcareous bed, locally termed ** Cascalho," 
consisting of pebbles much rounded by attrition in the water courses, and covered by a bed of stones, 
more or less argillaceous, with their angles very slightly rounded, and called " GORGULHO," in the 
mountain gorges, on some of the plateaus, and in other localities by a bed of mould and earth. 

The true diamond bearing strata include a number of minerals, of which forty have been identi- 
fied, and are on exhibition at the Ouro Preto School of Mines. These minerals form, as it were, the 
** satellite" of the diamond. The most frequent and abundant are titantic acid (rutile), the "Agu- 
lhas" of the miners, and anastase (siricoria), a rutile pseudomorph of anastase (Captivos de Cobre), 
rounded turmaline (feijoes), aluminum hydrate with phosphates of the rare earths of the cerium group 
(Favas), hematite, magnetite (esmeril, cabaclos, lustroso), and minerals at present rare such as xeno- 
time and monasite. Gold exists in grains and flakes in all the diamond workings, and in quantity 
often sufficient to pay cost of working. Platinum is less frequent, but is found in all the deposits in 
and around the town of Serro. 

In the deposits of Sao Joao da Chapada the diamond is found in situ, and is worked in altered 
schists, often transformed into argillaceous earths of varying color, of which the Ouro Preto School of 
Mines also possesses a collection. These schists, often impregnated with small octahedral crystals of 
martite, are traversed by veins of quartz and accompanied by titanic acid similar to those which 
occur in the topaz deposits of Ouro Preto; both belong to the same geological horizon. 

Near the town of Grao Mogol diamonds are found in the micaceous quartzites or itacolumites, pass- 
ing into " putting stone " where the quartz is found in a rock of the same nature as in the preceding case. 
The search for diamonds is always preceded by that for gravel (cascalho), which announces the 
presence of the precious stone and the discovery of a bed of the cascalho, not yet explored, is practi- 
cally always followed by that of the diamond. 

In the Jequitinhonha District a few cubic meters of gravel, accumulated by the rock-bars crossing 
the beds of the rivers often furnish hundreds of thousands of dollars* worth of diamonds. The work 
is carried on by isolated workers known by the name of u Garimpeiros," or by local companies. The 
former are able to work only when the streams are 
low. The latter often undertake very considerable 
engineering operations in diverting streams and 
building barrages, so as to lay bare the rich bed 
gravels. In either case the gravel is washed by the 
most primitive methods, by which the diamond 
is obtained in " bateas " or panning dishes some- 
what deeper than those used for gold. The diaman- 




-28 



ntos i )ock. 




On the Sea Coast. 



tina basin is the only one remaining in which work on a large 

scale is carried on. In other localities one encounters only the 

isolated workers. The most productive centers are those of 

Serro, in Diamantina, which is subdivided into a number of 

small districts, such as those of Curralinho, Caetemirim, 

Jequitahy, etc. Those of Terra Branca, Grao Mogol, Sincoral t 

and Cannavieiras — the last two being in Bahia. 

In general, Brazilian diamonds are well crystallized and 

colorless. Colored stones are rare, but of good "water". Bort and 

carbonado, or black diamond, are much rarer. This last is 

found in the Bahia deposits, but it is also encountered at Terra 

Branca, in Minas Geraes. 

Brazil has not yet produced many large diamonds; among the 

paragons one may cite the Star of the South, weighing 254.5 

carats rough, and 125.5 when cut, which was found at Bagagem 

in 1853, and the Dresden Diamond, discovered in the same locality in 1857. It weighed 117.5 rough, 

and 63.5 when cut. Both belong at present to an Indian prince, and were sold, the first for $200,000, 

and the second for $100,000. Small stones (vitriers) are very frequent. A few years ago Brazil 

exported all her diamonds in the rough. At present a number are cut in the country. In 

Diamantina there are nineteen lapidaries, employing one hundred and forty-six workmen, and 

cutting four hundred and sixty carats of diamonds per month, at a cost of three dollars per carat. In 

the town of Serro there is one lapidary's establishment, and in Jequitahy two-thirds of the stones cut 

here are exported, one third is mounted and sold locally. The exact figures as to production are 

available for Minas Geraes only: 

The Diamantina District produced in 1887 3,481 

The Serro District produced in 1887 717 

The Grao Mogol District produced in 1887 537 

The Jequitahy District produced in 1887 788 

Other districts (estimate) 150 



Total Grammes 5,673 

As diamonds are already worked in Bahia (Districts of Sincoral, Lencoes, and Bom Jesus), in Sao 
Paulo (District of Rio Claro), in Goyaz, at Dois Irmaos, and in Matto Grosso in many water-courses, 
I believe I am within the truth in estimating the diamond production of Brazil at 8 kilograms 
annually. The average price in the country is about $100 per octave of 3,589 grams (18 carats 
local of 0.1922 gram.), consequently the value of the output would equal about $200,00C. I have, 
in a previous publication, estimated the total production of this precious stone up to 1880 at about 
two and a half metric tons. It is evident that this estimate represents, roughly, Brazil's total pro- 
duction of diamonds. (BRAZILIAN MINING REVIEW, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL, S. A.) 

Last year Brazil exported diamonds to the 
value of one million dollars and two new com- 
panies have been formed in London to explore 
for this precious stone, namely, the Brazilian 
Diamond Exploration Company, with 11225,000 
capital, which will work in Bahia, and the Bra- 
zilian Diamond Fields Corporation, Limited, with a 
capital of £150,000 to work in Minas Geraes. 




Polytechnic school. 



29 




Carbonates, stones used for diamond 
drills, are found in Bahia and Minas Geraes, 
the greater part, however, come from Lav- 
ras Diamantinas, Sincora and Chapada. 
The largest carbonate stone ever seen was 
found in 1895 in Lencoes (Bahia); it weighed 
3,150 carats and was at first sold for $16,000, 
later for $25,000* Taken to Paris it was 
broken into small pieces to be used in the in- 
dustry. Some other stones from 500 to 900 
carats have been frequently found in the 
Kindergarten, Bahia. same place. 

In many of the Brazilian states are found costly specimens of topaz of fine color and lustre and 
valuable emeralds, sapphires, rubies, amethysts, euclassas, beryls, chalcedonies, turmalines — not only 
black, but blue and green, the latter being known as Brazilian emeralds — crocoites, scheelites, stolzites, 
symophanes, disthenis, triphanes, staurotita and many other more or less precious gems. 

Rock crystal of the first water and of immense volume, as well as beautiful and valuable crystals 
of amethyst and chrysolite, are found in Minas Geraes, Goyaz, Sao Paulo, Bahia and Parana, 

The variety of marble of all colors and designs is enormous. The existence of springs of mineral 
waters, rich in ferruginous deposits, is well known. The carbonic water generally contains a large 
amount of carbonic acid and in a small proportion bicarbonate of sodium, magnesium, calcium, chloride 
and sulphate of sodium. 

These Springs are popular resorts, the water being used for medicinal purposes. 
In the State of Minas Geraes sulphur -waters are found, and in the State of Santa Catharina the 
-well-known thermal water. 

In the southern part of Bahia there are large deposits of turf and legnite, very interesting on 
account of peculiar substances found around them. The most noted of these is a kind of yellow bitu- 
minous schLt, with impression of plants, very rich in volatile substances of the following composition : 

Carbon 63.46 % 

Hydrogen 9.87% 

Oxygen 7.95% 

Nitrogen 1.45 % 

Ashes 17,25% 

The ashes contain 28^8% of matter soluble in diluted hydrochloric acid: 

Silica 1,09% 

Oxide of Iron and Alumina 26,70 % 

Lime 0,20 % 

Magnesia traces 

Alkalis 2,80% 

The insoluable portion contains: 

Silica 61,47% 

Oxide of iron 9.16 % 

Lime 0.68% 

Dry distillation, slowly and carefully carried 
out yields the folio-wing results: 

Below 150 degrees Centigrade: 
Water, strongly charged wiih acetic acid. 10.0 ^ 
Oil of a wine-yellow color ( Sp. Gr. 0.8 1 2 ) . 9.74 ' \ 




Jantos station, s. I'aulo Railway 



30- 




Manitoba Tree lactex crop. 



J 50 degrees— 270 degrees Centigrade: 

Dark brown oil with green reflection 2J.84$ 

270 degrees— 350 degrees Centigrade: 

Black oil (Sp. Gr. 0.884) 5J4% 

Porous, brilliant and friable coke 37,00 % 

Loss ( gases) 15*58 % 

After purifying the various products by treatment with sul- 
phuric acid and alkali in succession and distillation, the following 
results were obtained from one ton of the mineral: 

Petroleum spirits 12 litres 

Illuminating oil 54 litres 

Intermediate oil, serving for gas manu- 
facture 48 litres 

Lubricating oil 70 litres 

Petroleum residue 85 litres 

Paraffine wax 568 kilos 

Losses 9703 kilos 

Asbestos, the industrial application of which is daily increasing, 
is found in the neighborhood of Ouro Preto, at Rocas Novas, on the 
scarp of the Serra de Caraca in Minas Geraes and also in the States of Bahia and Goyaz. 

Rich deposits of mica are common in Sao Paulo ds Muriahe, Bicas, Pirunga and Sao Domingos 
do Rio do Peixe, as well as in the States of Goyaz, Matto Grosso and Bahia. 

FORESTRY. The Brazilian flora may be divided into two sections: the equatorial, comprising 
that of the Amazon and its affluents, which Humboldt called "Hylcea," and the tropical meridional. 
Notwithstanding its resemblance to the other portion of the Brazilian flora, that of the Amazon 
has many distinct characteristics which constitute in themselves separate sub-divisions. The Amazon 
forests cover an area of about 2,000,000 square miles, equal to two-thirds of the area of the 
United States, or ten times that of France: and this forest, the largest in the world, has two different aspects. 
All the land which is submerged by the periodical floods of the river produces a special vegetation 
and the trees are not as high as those in dryer places. The Indians noticed this and gave to that 
region the name of Caa-iapo, or immersed forest. Here the trees are of a medium size and have 
abundant dark green foilage. This vegetable association is composed principally of Myrtaceous, 
Guttiferous, Meliaceous, Bombaceous, Mimosas, Cinchonaceous, Anonaceous, all of them surmounted 
by the elegant capitals of innumerable palm trees, whose stems rise as architectural columns over the 
dense woods. The lianas and cipos which characterize all the other parts of the Brazilian forest 

and render them so picturesque,are not seen 
here, and it is only when the water recedes 
that some Convolulaceous of slender stem 
wrap themselves around the trunks of the 
trees. At this time, on the washed land, 
grow graminea of rigid context, innumer- 
able Seloginellas and many other monocoty- 
bdonia, which spring up in a luxuriant ex- 
uberance on the banks of the river. The 
American willow (Salix Humboldtiana), 
intermingled with musaceous and varied 
palms of the Cyperaceous and Dwarf Utricu- 
laria genera form real walls on the banks of 
the river. 




Fiscal Island, Kio tie Janeiro. 



31 




COFFEE FARM IX SAO PAULO. 
1— Picking Coffee. 2— Loading < ioffee on < >.\ < art . :',— \— Washing Coffee. .'.—Drying Yard. 6— Preparing for Shipment, 



Proceeding by steamboat upon 
this majestic river, the traveler can 
reach with his hand the branches of 
the trees which overhang the water. 
Bending low over the waves of the 
sea-river, the trees are truly splendid 
with their tufted manes or open fans, 
shaking their flowery summits 
garlanded with pendent wreaths of 
umbellas. 

But this is not the big forest- it 
has not the hoary thousand years of 




Vtapu 



age of the dry forest Caa-ete, (emerged forest) as the Indians call it. 

It is in this forest that trees may be found like those which Wallis saw near the Rio Branco River, 
whose branches could give shelter to many thousand persons. In this part of the forest there are trees 
300 feet high, bare of branches up to a considerable height but entwined with innumerable lianas, re- 
sembling the cordage of a sailing- vessel, all covered with varied and brilliant flowers* Down upon 
the ground between the intricacy of roots and lianas grow gigantic ferns, Arsideas, Scitamineous, 
Epiphites and Bromeliaceous, filling the few open places left and making the whole forest a compact mass. 
In this part of the Amazon forests predominate the Anonaceous, Myrtaceous, Sapotaceous, 
Aristolochias bearing strange flowers, Minosaceous, Vochysianas, Apocynaceous, Bignoniaceous, 
Piperaceous, Bromeliaceous, all kinds of palms, Euphorbiaceous, Ccesalpinias, The leaves here are of 
a lighter color and persistent; and the woods are much harder and more resistant than those of the lower 
forest. By the side of this compact forest appear, now and then, at the edge of the plateaus, large areas 
covered here and there with little jungles; they are higher at the centre and slope down till they reach 
the common level. The vegetation that predominates in these jungles is of the same kind as that of the 
forest but here the palm trees are not as high, they are, however, so entangled with the lianas and the 
bending branches that it is difficult to penetrate into those domes and tunnels of foliage. 

In order to give an idea of the exuberance of this vegetation it can be stated that Griseback found 
more than 3,000 species, on the northern margin of the Amazon River alone. 

In those forests can be pointed out as typical beauties, the Munguba (Bombax Munguba) the 
Ambauva and Samauma ( Eriodendron Samauma ) and the palm trees; Murity, so handsome as well 
as useful, Jussara, Assahy, the noble Inaja (Mauricia Flexuosa Euterpe sp. E. edulis Maximiliana 
regia), the Myristica sebifera, the Schousboca, the Macrolobium bifolium, the Carolinea princeps, of 
gigantic flowers, the Baxiuba (Tartea scorisa), the Bacava (Enocarpos Bacava), etc. Of the great 
number of useful plants we cannot refrain from naming the Para chestnut (Bertholetia excelsa), the 
Symphonea elastica, rubber tree, the sarsaparilla (Smilax sals. P. I, the Bacury ( Symphoneo coccinea ) 
and the cocoa tree i Theobroma cacao I , etc. 

Entirely different is the disposition of the Brazil- 
ian flora in the rest of the country, near the tropics. 
The sub-regions are better distinguished; and, as the 
seasons become accentuated the farther south we 
go, the more striking is the difference in vegetation. 
In the under tropical region, three entirely different 
zones can be distinguished; the north littoral from 
Maranhao to Pernambuco — dry sandy zone; south 
littoral zone, of woods; and central zone, of fields. 




• ftiC( j s of secretary 



»f Agriculture and Treasury 
sao Panto. 



33 




The forests of the Amazon end at the 
larger delta at Para, and from this point 
southward begins a stretch of sandy land, 
where the margins of the river only are 
tinted in green by the vegetation of Rhizo- 
phorous, Conocarpus and Aricenious. This 
characteristic of the littoral maintains itself 
down to Saint Agostinho Cape, It is only 
south of the Lower Sao Francisco River that 
the virgin tropical forest begins— the zone of 
the Brazilian Atlantic forest. As far south as the mountainous region of the Rio and Minas States, 
the forest is very wide; on the sea-coast it comes quite near the ocean and towards the west it extends 
into the interior of the continent following the entire course of the rivers, such as the Rio das Contas, 
Jequitinhonha Mucury, Doce, etc. South of Rio de Janeiro the zone begins to narrow down, com- 
prising the little strip encompassed between the coast -line and the Serra do Mar ( Sea range ) , on the 
west side of which the field zone of the interior begins. With this zone the forest of the coast is at an 
end. From that point south the shore is sandy. 

In its general aspect of exuberance and richness the tropical littoral forest resembles greatly the 
Amazon forests, being still fuller and more beautiful because of its variety and the unevenness of the 
land. Here the shades of green are not so monotonous, they are more cheerful and warm ; the land- 
scape shows more variations ; the slope of each range unfolds a new sight. The flowers are more 
variegated, the species more particularized. The forests, woods and jungles are all of the SELVA 
AUGUSTA type. In the deep silence of its quietude, life unfolds and animates the smallest corner, 
trunks that stand up like towers, palms and arborescent ferns elegantly poised on their stems, lianas 
that interweave, twining themselves around the trees like serpents, epiphetas that give a new green 
color and life to old trunks, bamboos that murmur in the least zephyr, orchids and climbing plants 
hanging their festoons on the branches, sparkling with sun-light, shedding thousands of odd colors and 
embalming the air with their extravagant perfume. 

After traveling under this virgin forest and reaching a curve of the high slope of the range, the 
vision spreads for a distance of miles and miles over forests that cover all the slopes far away. Then 
over the green roofs of the trees can be seen predominating conspicuously the sovereign Jequitiba 
I Curatahi Legalis ) , whose majestic beauty no other spzcie can dispute, not even the elegant Jacaranda 
or the gilded Ipe or the slender Bacurubu in its deep green. In the outline of the forest we see tower- 
ing on high the imposing Paineiras (Bombax) shaking smilingly their leafy waves over the fair Sapu- 
cayas arrayed sometimes in rose, sometimes in white; the Ventrudas Tuberculatas (Barrigudas) and 
the Ambahubas where the indolent unau sleeps ; and a good eye can even distinguish the merry Coe- 
salpinas, all covered with pendent flowers, the slender and tremulous Laurel, the Maris and Andiras 
spiked and rough, the lustrous foliage of the Saboeiro (Sapundum saponania),the well-turned and light 
greyish trunk of the Jenipapo, the rotundous cedars, the dome-like Pau d'Alho and the gothic specie of 
the Embiribas — and scattered here and there the 
rolled-up caps of the palm trees — Jussara, Palmito, 
Indaya, Tucum, Piac,ava and many others, so fair, 
as well as useful, and much lauded. On the rugged 
slopes grows up the gigantic cactus, a shining green 
taper, whose top and edges are beautified by flowers 
and ruby fruits, surrounded by the Bromeliaceas, 
the Aganes and the Dwarf Palm trees. 




Government Palace, Sao l'aulo. 



34- 




Leme Fort, Rio cle Janeiro. 



Towards the south at the edge of the pla- 
teau, the forest changes entirely in aspect; here 
begins the pine forest composed exclusively of 
the well known and beautiful Araucarias whose 
fruit is duly esteemed and sought after* 

To the west of the forest zone begins the 
fields which are entirely different from the Ven- 
ezuelan llanos and from the Argentine pampas. 
There are large zones on the plateau, undulated 
ground covered with graminea, forming good 
pastures interspersed by valleys covered with 
woods, or, interspersed with little jungles or 

shrubberies, presenting always a varied aspect designated by the names of Campos Geraes, Cerrados, 
Chapadoes, Carrascaes, Agrestes, Taboleiros, Chapadas. Grassy land entirely free from trees or 
shrubs is not found there to any great extent. In the mountainous part of the interior there are large 
forest zones covering the highland in the northern part of the region and the valley in the southern. 

In the Paraguay valley are found large forests, not so rich as those of the Amazon, but well pro- 
vided with valuable species of which the Ipecacuanha and the Matte must be pointed out. Among the 
different kinds of graminea and other plants of these fields can be mentioned the Mimosas, Pospalum, 
Panicum, Triscalhines, Cerichrus, Pappophorum, Chloris, Grymophogon, etc., and the agrestes: 
Cynodon, Diectomes, Trachypogon, Antherteria, Cragrotis. etc. 

The Brazilian flora is composed of more than J 7,000 species of which a very large percentage is 
used for industrial and medicinal purposes, and for ornamentation. 

For naval and civil construction, the Brazilian forest has the best woods, and for cabinet work 
the most beautiful known to the trade. 

For construction purposes can be pointed out: Peroba ( Aspidosperma peroba), Tapinhoan 
( Sylvia na valium ), Cabiuna or Black Jacaranda ( Dalbergia nigra ), Pau Brazil (Coesalpinia echinata ) , 





Interior of (Government Palace, Rio de Janeiro. 
-35 - 




m 







STOCK FARM IN SAO PAULO 
i Hog Pen. 2-Cattle. 3— Sheep. 4-0attle. 




Garibaldi Village. 



Bacury (Platonia insignis), Sucupira 

(Bowdichi Major), Aroeira (Astro- 

nium) Pati d'Arco or Ipe (Tecoma 

speciosa) Pequia Amarello (Aspido- 

sperma sessiliflorum ), Massaranduba 

(Mimusops elata), Pau-ferro (Coesa- 

lipnia ferrea), Cedar ( Cedrella Bra- 

siliensis), Louro ( Cordia frondosa), 

Itauba ( Acrodiclidium Itauba), Sapu- 

caia (Lecythis Pisonis), Barauna 

(Melanoxylon Baratina), Paracauba 

i Andira ) , Grapiapunha (Apuleia Polygamea), Pequia ( marfim ( Aspidosperma eburnea), Guarabii 

iPeltogyne Guarabii ), Angelim amargoso (Machoerium andira) different Canellas (Nectandra and 

Cordia), Mirindiba ( Terminalia Mirindiba), Grucahy de azeite i Moldenhauria ) , Ipe tabaco 

(Tecuma ). 

For cabinet work can be named: Oleo ( Mirocarpus f rondosus ) , Muirapinima ( Centrolobium 
paraense ) , Cajarana (Coesalpinia monosp2rma ), Vinhatico ( Echyrospermum Balthasarii ) , Pau setim 
i Aspidosperma ), Jacaranda roxo (Macho2rium firmum ), Gongalo Alves (Astronium fraxinifolium I , 
Sebastiao d'Arruda ( Phylocalymma floribundum ) , Pau marfim, Muirapiranga ( Coesalpinia ) , etc. 

Among the immense variety of palm trees are found a great number, whose products are used by 
many industries: Piassava ( Altalea funerea ) , the horny fibres of which are much sought after, and 
the carnauba of universal utility. 

The carnauba ( Capernicia-cerifera ) abounds uncultivated in the States of Ceara and Rio Grande 
do Norte. Surely there is no other region where a tree with so many and varied applications can 
be found. It resists long and severe droughts, retaining its freshness and luxuriance. The roots have 
the same medicinal effect as sarsaparilla. From the trunk can be taken light and strong fibres of a 
beautiful brightness, beams, rafters, etc., for construction, and durable posts for fences. The terminal 
bud, when young, is a nutritious aliment and is also used to make wine, vinegar, a saccharine sub- 
stance and a starch like sago, with the same qualities and taste. The hard part of the stem can be 
used for water pipes, and the softer inside, resembling cork, can be made use of in the same manner as 
this substance. The fruit is savory and the seed oleaginous and emulsive. From the stem is made a 
flour something like corn flour and a liquid equal to that of the coco-nut. From the dried straw can 
be made hats, brooms, mats and baskets. This straw is exported in a small quantity to Europe, to be 
used for hat manufacturing and this exportation is worth $250,000 yearly. From the leaves is 
extracted a kind of candle wax very much sought after in the country and exported, also. The domestic 
use of this wax was 734 tons, the exportation 871 tons and the total amount produced valued at $375,000. 
Tinctorial plants: Urucu, Bixa, Pau-Brazil, Anil, Jatajiba, etc. 

Oleaginous plants: All the palm trees, the fruits of which are oily, ricinus ( ricinus communis ) 

Para nuts, etc. 

Fibrous plants: All the Brome- 
lias, Imbe, Gravatas, Agaste, Paper 
tree ( Lasiondra papyrus ) Guaxima, 
Caruas, Tucum, etc. 

Medicinal plants: Innumerable 
fruits, flowers, barks, roots and leaves; 
Jaborandy, Sarsaparilla, Ipeca-Caffe- 
rona i Tochia Guyanense >, Caroba, 




settlei's Home. < lorn Cultivation. 




Governor's House, Baliia. 



Guarana, Muruhe, Jalapa, different Cinchonas, 
Pau-Pereira, Avenca, Canica, Tamaquare, 
Jatahy, Angico, Andiroba, Manaca, etc. 

In aromatic plants there is a great wealth; 
Vanilla ( Vanilla armatico),Cumaru (Dipterix), 
Guynary (Diotea), Brazilian nutmeg (Cripto- 
caria), Pichurim (Nectandra), etc. 

Among the many plants rich in tannin, can 
be named: Barbatimao (Striphnodendron), 
which has 80 per cent of tannin, Mangue 
iRhizophora) producing five times more tanning substance than oak, Jurema (Acacia^, Aroeira 
(Schimus), etc. 

The native plants that produce nutritious fruits are: Assahy, Araucaria, all variettes of bananas, 
Sapucaia, Bacury, Sorozira, Mangabeira, Mucury, Genipapeiro, Cajueiro, Imbuzeiro, Mamoeiro, a 
large vari2ty of Maracujas, Abieiro, Abricoteiro, all the innumerable species of Myrtaceas, etc. 

FAUNA. Of the six zoologic sections, South America forms a special one — the Neo-tropical — 
which certainly is the most curious and distinctive; and of this Neo-tropical section, Brazil occupies a 
very important sub-division, because the most abundant and characteristic types, determining this 
section of zoological geography are found in this country. 

The study of the Brazilian fauna, includes all the known fauna of South America, except four or 
five genera peculiar to the Andes region. 

With its variety of climate, fertility of soil, luxuriant growth of vegetation, Brazil could scarcely 
have a less abundant and rich fauna; a logical conclusion of natural economy. Fields, forests and 
jungles, lakes and rivers, gulfs and bays, extensive mountain ranges and valleys give to Brazil the 
elements and necessary conditions for sheltering and nourishing the richest and most varied fauna. In 
reality this country possesses a wealth of resources in every division of natural history, if we except the 
class of large mammals; a curious anomaly, but one which gives the Brazilian fauna one of its distinct 
characteristics. The Brazilian fauna is a typical one and certainly the most curious of the whole planet. 
Very richly endowed in all its orders and classes, it is poor in the mammiferous; poor in the 
number of families, genera and species. Entire orders of the mammiferous, —insectivorous, are not at 
all represented here and almost all those of the existing orders are small in size, if compared with those 
of the old world. The Brazilian bear family is represented by the insignificant Coati ( Nasua ) , 
the lion by the puma or onga sussuarana (Felix concolor ) and the large ruminants and pachydermes 
by the deer ( Cervusj and antas ( Tapirus americano i. 

On the other hand, there is an order-the Rodents-the largest specimens of which, the Capivara, 
(Hydrochoerus capibara ) is peculiar to the Bra- 
zilian fauna, as are also the rodents with hoofs, 
such as the pacas, cutias, etc. The remainder 
of the animal kingdom of Brazil is, however, 
plentifully represented, and surpasses in extent 
the fauna of any other country. 

The variety of birds and insects is larger 
than in other parts of the world. 

The abundance of fish is unequalled, — the 
Amazon River alone having more than 2,000 
species. 

In insects and arthropoda in general, the 




iMo Negro Bridge. 




Hank Mead at Alto da Serra. 



abundance is wonderful. Within a radius of 
3,300 ft. Bates could collect 700 species of insects 
in Para, while the whole of Europe cannot 
show more than 390 species of these classes. In 
fact the same conditions exist pertaining to all the 
other animals. Bates also ascertained the exist- 
ence of 14,712 species of animals in the valley of 
the Amazon, of which 8,000 were entirely new 
to science. 

All the divisions of the Brazilian fauna are 
of great interest to naturalists: the mammals 
because of their variety, and the others on 
account of their abundance as well as their variety. 

The mammal class is characterized by its Edentata: Anaus (Tardigrada, Bradypodas family), 
lazy and stupid animals; armadillas (Effodentia, Dasypoda family ), ant-eaters, which have a horny 
carapace and Tamandus ( Myrmecophaga ) . These Edentata varieties, last survivors of an abundant 
family, now almost extinct, are peculiar to South America. The Didelphis family of the Marsupian 
order, represented by Didelphis cancrivora, Chironectes variegatus and Didelphis murina and cinerea 
(Gambas, Sarigue, rato do mato, etc.), is also peculiar to this continent* 

The Marsupian order has five families: four belong to Australia and the fifth to Brazil; but it 
must be noted that the South American Marsupians make the best distinction of the group. 

"With reference to the quadrumanous order, Brazil has more than 50 species of monkeys of the 
following genera: Stentor, Atelas, Lagothrix, Cabus, Pithecia, Jacchus, Midas, Callithrix, etc. 
Among these is the spider monkey, the largest of South America, -which has a prehensile tail used as 
a fith hand. 

The South American monkeys are distinguished by their flat nose with thick septum and by 
having 36 teeth, while those of the old world have a nose more like the human one, with thin septum 
and 32 teeth like man. 

The Brazilian rodents are the largest of the order. There are also different genera found, forming 
a sub-order and distinguished by the plain instead of the cloven hoof, which they generally have. 
This order is represented by the Subungulata family to which belong the Capivara ( Hydrochoerus 
capibara) the largest of the rodents known and whose hide is much sought after, the Paca (Coelogenis 
paca) which has edible and savory meat, the Agouti or Cutia (Dasyprocta aguti, Chloromys aguti ), 
the Moco ( Cavia ruprestis), the Prea (Cavea aperea). 

The carnivorous order is represented by the Jaguar, Puma Jaguatirica, Maracaja and many other 
kinds of wild-cats. 

The genus canis is represented by the Brazilian fox i Canis Brasiliensis); and field fox iCanis 
vetullus ) . 

Of the Marta species there is the Lontra 
(Lontra Brasiliensis); two kinds of Galictis, 
different Mephitis, etc. 

The ursideus are represented by the Gua- 
ximim (Procion carnivorous) and the Coati 
(Nasua). Of the ruminant order there 
are different deer : Cervus paludosus, Cervus 
campestris, Cervus nemorivagus and 
Cervus rufus; of the pachydermous order : 




Saw mill at Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul. 




I Tracheotome operation. 2-Pharmaceutical Laboratory. 3-Snake Pen. (Extracting the poison of a snake, 
4-Hospital Room. 5-Extractlng the \ acclne i > mph fromaOalf, fi-Groupof Doctors and Nurses. 




Fifteenth of November Place. [Jahia. 



three varieties of wild-hog I Dicotyles I 
and the Tapir or Anta ( Tapirus 
americano ) the largest of the Bra- 
zilian mammals, resembling a large 
hog by the conformation of its body, 
the elephant by its trunk and the horse 
by its mane. 

In the Amazon River is found a 
special kind of dolphin i Plotamista 
Amazonica), — also another cetaceus 
called the Ox-fish ( Mariatus Ameri- 
canus i . There are whales and many cachalotes in the sea. 

The fishes belonging to this vast country are of no less importance and value. 
Agassiz found two thousand species of fish in the waters of the Amazon, which is double the amount 
of the Mediterranean Sea, and more than live in the Atlantic Ocean. This number will appear even 
more astonishing, when it is known that there are no more than two hundred species of fish in the 
European rivers and lakes; one tenth only of the number existing in the Amazon. The chelonians 
are prodigiously abundant, principally of the fresh water kind; of these we must specially mention the 
large tortoise of the Amazon ( Eneys Amasonica I , excellent as an aliment and whose shell can be put 
to the same uses, as that of the ocean turtle. 

This kind of tortoise is found in such abundance in the Amazon, that during the Martius voyage 
along the river 15,000 barrels of turtle butter were made, using 1,600 eggs of that animal for each barrel. 
There is not one order of fish, that is not represented in the Brazilian seas, rivers and lakes. 
Of the six orders of fish, one must be mentioned for its very curious and striking features, the 
Dipnoi order— a kind of fish, having two breathing apparatus, living as well in the water as on land. 
They breathe through the gills or through the lungs, having both, thus forming the transition specie 
between the fish and land animals. 

This order is composed of three species only, one of which is peculiar to Brazil — the Lepidoziren. 
There are also three species of electric fish, of which one is called the Gymnote. The abundance of 
the Brazilian waters makes fishing an easy matter and the industry is susceptible of much develop- 
ment. In Rio de Janerio Bay alone, 94 species of fish can be found. 

The following fish found in the Brazilian seas could be exploited for industrial purposes; whales 
and sharks for manufacturing fish oil; and for canned or dried fish, sardines, badegete, tainha, garopa, 
roubalo, cherne, badejo, dourada, pacu, cavalla, pirarucus, etc. 

The Brazilian fauna is also noted for its large variety of birds, numbers of which delight us with 

their sweet songs, while others are re- 
nowned for their beauty and bril- 
liancy of plumage. Such birds as the 
parrot, the wild-duck and the ostrich, 
found in large flocks, could be made 
use of to furnish material for indus- 
trial exportation. 

The climate of Brazil varies 
with the zones, but in all of these the 
best hygienic and salubrious con- 
ditions exist. 




Bahia Street in Bello Horisonte, State ot Minas Geraes. 

— 41 - 




View of Lard .Factory. Kio Grande do Sul. 



In the tropics it is naturally hot 
and damp during the rainy season, 
but temperate and dry the remainder 
of the year. However, even in this 
zone it is mild and agreeable on 
account of the profusion of luxuriant 
vegetation, the prevaling winds and 
the high elevation, which modify 
the roughness of the climate so 
peculiar to countries situated in the 
same latitude. 

From the Capital to the Southern 
part of the Republic, in the Temper- 
ate Zone, the climate is pleasant at all times of the year. This agreeable temperature exists in the 
States of Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catharina, Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Geraes. 

The Brazilian flora is one of the most wonderful in the world for the wealth and variety of its 
important species. The vegetation shows itself vigorous and luxuriant throughout, enchanting the 
eye with its brilliancy and diversity of colors, while the imposing proportions of the trees add majesty to 
the scene. The change of the seasons has little or no effect upon vegetation, and as may be said, the 
flora of Brazil enjoys a perennial spring. 

AGRICULTURAL ZONES — On account of the different aspects and natural conditions of the 
Brazilian territory — the quality of the soil, elevation of the land, water system, the medium tempera- 
ture, distribution of the forests, plains, etc., Brazil can be divided into nine agricultural zones, 
distinguished by the kind of the natural productions and by their climatic uniformity. 

Going through the country from north to south, there are, in the first place, the valleys of the 
Amazon, of proverbial fertility, made so by floods and periodic alluvions of the river and by the 
abundance of rainfall. 

As spontaneous vegetable products of this zone there are found and exploited : rubber, which trees 
form large forests (seringaes), cocoa, vanilla, nuts, woods for building and cabinet work, medicinal 
plants and a large variety of fruits. 

The animal products are represented by the Pirarucu and many other fish, which are pre- 
pared for exportation, also by the turtle, an important animal in that zone. On the plains of Rio 
Grande do Norte cattle are raised in large herds. Sugar-cane, cotton, tobacco, rice, coffee and all the 
other equatorial products are cultivated for local use and readily exchanged by means of water 
communication. 

In the second zone the coast is low and sandy, but the interior is phenominally fertile, and cocoa, 
coffee, sugar-cane, rice, cotton, coco-nuts, manioc and manicoba, which makes an excellent rubber, 
are cultivated there. The forests yield gutta percha, building and cabinet woods and carnauba. 

On the coast are extensive salterns, 
easily worked on account of the high 
temperature of the water, causing 
evaporation in a few hours. There are 
extensive grazing lands, where cattle and 
goat raising is carried on. The facilities for 
communication are abundant, namely, by 
the sea, many navigable rivers and some 
railroad lines. 




Fifteenth ol n<>\ ember Square, Rio <ie Jane 



42- 



<fb 




Town of Santo Amaro, Bahia. 



The land in the interior of the third zone is 
entirely formed by large plateau fields, with 
strips of woods and shrubbery. This zone 
is adapted to all kinds of tropical culture, and 
also in the higher part to temperate culture. 
On the fine grazing lands large herds of cattle 
are easily raised without shelter. 

In all this vast zone there is not a piece of 
inhospitable, sandy or arid ground; it is all 
washed by rivers, some of which are navi- 
gable. The entire zone is fertile and produces 
cereals, sugar-cane, manioc, coffee and all kinds of tropical and temperate zone fruits. 

The natural product, which constitutes the actual wealth of the country, is cattle. The majority 
of the rivers are navigable for small vessels. There is a railroad extending from the coast to the 
interior of the State of Goyaz. 

The next zone is the northeast central, productive center of sugar, cotton, tobacco and cocoa — a 
fertile land, well populated and washed by many navigable rivers. The natural products of this zone 
are timber and all other products of the forest, gutta percha, resins, rubber ( mangabeira ) , piassaba, 
fibrous and tinctorial plants, mineral products, calcarius, saltpetre and alkaline phosphates. 

Sugar-cane for manufacturing sugar, alcohol and rum, cotton, tobacco, cocoa, coco-nuts, cereals, 
manioc and fruits, such as oranges, mangoes, abacaxis, bananas, etc., are cultivated on a large scale. 
There is easy and convenient communication by means of many railroads to large sea-ports. 

Next to this zone, comes the coffee producing zone, in which is cultivated more than three-fourths 
of all the coffee produced in the world. Here are found the celebrated terras roxas, whose fertility is 
second to none in the world. Besides this culture there are large fields of cereals, and cattle and hog 
raising is extensively carried on. This part of Brazil yields readily all kinds of tropical culture, 
where there are forests; while on the high plateaus, the products of temperate zones are found, for 
instance, European fruits, vineyards, etc. Next to coffee, corn, beans, rice, sugar-cane, manioc and 
tobacco are cultivated. 

The Minas Geraes zone, central and northwest, and the eastern part of Goyaz is the most 
important mineral zone of the country, being also suitable for all tropical and temperate culture and 
for dairying. 

The Matto Grosso zone — Paraguay River low land, which may be considered as a continuation 
of the Amazon valley, resembles it in its different productions. The characteristic plant of the entire 
Paraguay valley is matte, a forest product, which furnishes the special industry of the zone. This 
zone is also suited to all tropical productions and to cattle raising. The shipping facilities of the large 
navigable rivers are excellent. The south oriental zone, mountainous zone of the south, is noted for its 
pine forests, which furnish good timber for cabinet work and building purposes. The many foreign 

colonies established there, taking ad- 
vantage of the climate, elevation and 
latitude of the zone, have introduced 
the cultivation of all plants of south- 
ern and central Europe, such as grape- 
vines, wheat, barley and oats, as well 
as the linen and silk industries. 




Xorth Pond, Bello Horlsonte. 



i2. 




STATE OF BAHIA MEDICAL SCHOOL. 
i Medical Ohemlstrj laboratory. 2— Heading Room . 3— A a roup of Professors I— Medical Natural History Laboratory. 

5—BacteriolOKic Laboratory. R— Histologic Laboratory. 



A 



. 



■Ci rnn; ,:. ■ i i—iw ii m i 









r 


MiSfa 




mm » < «5 


MBRn • • * 


■ ■ JbHE 


,- ■"• 


!• - 



Juncliahy en 



The matte industry is largely carried 
on in the State of Parana and Rio Grande 
do Sul. The land is exceedingly fertile, the 
climate has no equal and the communication 
facilities are adequate, both by rail and sea. 
It is in this zone that large layers of coal are 
just beginning to be exploited. The principal 
products are wheat, corn, rice, beans, Euro- 
pean fruits, wine, dairy products, salt meats, 
fibres and wood. 

The last zone is that in which the cattle 
raising industry is mostly developed, on 
account of the excellence of the natural grazing lands and facility for transporting the products. 

These lands, covered with cattle, horses and mules, supply almost all the other states of the 
Republic. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul there are also large sheep, goat and hog raising industries. 
AGRICULTURE — Coffee is the agricultural product most extensively cultivated and the prin- 
cipal source of wealth in Brazil. It represents almost half of the entire value of exportation. This 
plant is especially cultivated in the States of Sao Paulo, Minas Geraes, Rio de Janeiro and Espirito 

Santo and on a smaller scale in 
Bahia and Ceara, and the soil partic- 
ularly adapted to this cultivation 
covers an area of more than 255,000 
square miles. On account of the 
existing favorable climatic conditions 
and the adaptability of the soil, the 
cultivation of coffee thus becomes an 
easy and profitable business. 

Newly improved machines which 
have been introduced for planting, 
harvesting and preparing this product 
have made the Brazilian coffee, on 
account of its superior quality, the 
National Museum, Kio de .Janeiro. finest and best on aII mar kets. 

The world's production of coffee from 1901 to 1902 was 19,588,000 sacks of 132 pounds each, of 
which Brazil furnished 16,246,000 sacks, and all the other coffee producing countries 3,342,000 sacks. 

The exportation of this product went to 142 ports of different nations, New York heading the list 
with 4,563,047 sacks, New Orleans took 718,309 sacks and Baltimore 274,697 sacks. The most 
important Brazilian shipping ports for this product are Santos, with 10,000,000 sacks, Rio de Janeiro, 
5,496,000 sacks and Bahia and Victoria 750,000 sacks. 

The exportation of coffee from yS*T~ "~~^\ 

all other countries during the same 
period was as follows : Columbia and 
Central America 1,150,000 sacks, 
Venezuela 800,000 sacks, Java 450,000 
sacks and Hayti 425,000 sacks. Other 
countries 517,000 sacks. These figures, 
taken from the best statistics, prove 
that much coffee is sold in America 







m 




City of Bahii 



45 




Entrance of Iracema Farm. 

Lamberg, who traveled through Brazil: A coffee 
farm, Terra Roxa, of first class quality, free 
from frost, of 100,000 trees, is valued at $50,000, 
1,000 trees planted on such a farm will produce 
ordinarily 6,400 lbs* but never less than 
4,800 lbs. 100,000 trees then, yielding 4,800 
lbs. per 1,000 trees, produce 480,000 lbs. which, 
at the rate of 5 cents per lb., will net $24,000. 





and Europe as Mocha and 
Java, but comes in reality from 
Brazil. The proof that the best 
coffee in the world comes from 
Brazil lies in the fact that this 
product has been awarded the 
gold medal at different Inter- 
national Expositions in com- 
petition with products of other 
countries. 

The total exportation of 
the country in 1901 amounted 
to 14,759,845 sacks and in 
1902 to 13,057,383 sacks. The 
economic conditions of the 
coffee production has changed 
during the last few years on 
account of the continued lower- 
ing of prices, the origin of 
which can be traced to the 
great increase of this culture 
and the consequent over pro- 
duction; but even at the rate 
of 5 cents per pound at the 
shipping port, this culture is a 
paying one. 

The following figures are 
taken from a book by Mr. M. 




Hoa Vlagem shore. 

The expenses of such a farm can be estimated at 
$12,000, leaving a profit of $12,000 or 24% on the capital. 

Other products may be raised and small industries 
can be conducted on the same farm, by which method, if 
circumstances are favorable, the profit will be increased 
and the capital often doubled. 



Church of the Mercj Hospital 



46 






Municipal Palace, Porto Alegre 



SUGAR-CANE— Next to coffe, sugar, 
cane is the most important agricultural product 
of the country. This plant is cultivated in all 
the states of Brazil, constituting the special 
agricultural production of the northern states, 
namely, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Sergipe and 
Bahia, where the manufacture of sugar and 
alcohol is very important* 

The out-put of sugar throughout the coun- 
try is more than 500,000 tons, very little of 
which is exported. This industry has now 
reached an important crisis, on account of the 

extensive production of beet-sugar and the inefficiency of process and machinery used, which only 
extract from this essentially sacchariferous plant 7to8> of sugar while in Germany, by the new 
process, from 13 to 14% of sugar is taken from the beet. In 1883 Brazil exported 330,000 tons of 
sugar and 350,000 gallons of rum; in 1886 only 200,000 tons of sugar and 125,000 gallons of rum. 
Since then the exportation of sugar has varied considerably but is always diminishing, so that the 
actual exportation can be estimated at an annual average of 250,000 tons. The economic conditions 
of the sugar-cane industry are not so favorable, as they formerly were, on account of the depression 
in price but the results show, that it is still sufficiently remunerative for capital and labor. 

In the afore mentioned book of Mr. M. Lamberg the f ollowing figures are found: a farm of 1 ,000 
tarefas ( 889 acres) of productive land will cost about $6,000 with house and implements. If the land 
be of first-class quality, the price will probably increase to $9,000. The financial figures of such a 
farm are as follows: on a farm of 1,000 tarefas 100 to 150 are usually planted in sugar-cane, 20 or a 
little more in corn, beans, etc., J50 in pastures and the remaining portion kept in timber. Taking the 
first figures, as the cost of the land, $6,000 and adding $3,800 for implements, wagons, cattle, horses, 
etc., the capital invested will amount to $9,800. The annual expense will average $8,250. One 
tarefa of good land planted with sugar-cane, if well cared for, will yield 562 gals, of syrup. The 
market price for this product varies from 15 cents to 22 cents per gal. 

At the medium price of 18 1-2 cents, the production of 56,200 gals, of syrup, for the 100 tarefas, 
will amount to $10,397 or a clear profit of $2,147. 

These figures are absolutely reliable ; the estimates were all made on low prices and no one in 
Brazil would be satisfied with less. The estimate of the production per tarefa is also very low. 

TOBACCO — Tobacco is another important agricultural product in Brazil. As sugar-cane, it is 

cultivated in all the states but the most extensive plantations are in Para, Minas Geraes, Rio Grande 

do Sul, Goyaz and principally in Bahia, of which state it constitutes the principal export. ~ j ^^ S^ 

Since 1872, the total exportation of tobacco amounted to 17,000 tons, of which the State of Bahia 

alone exported 14,000 tons. Until 1892 all the tobacco was shipped in leaves to Europe, and 

returned manufactured in cigars 
and cigarettes. From 1892, until 
the present time, the increase of 
the import-tax has greatly benefit- 
ted the cigar industry in the coun- 
try. In Bahia and Rio Grande do 
Sul large cigar factories export 
their products, equalling those of 
Havanna. In Minas Geraes and 




Quarantine Hospital, S. Paulo 



47 



4t+ 

m 




Rio de Janeiro there are also large cigar 
factories* In J 901, the tobacco exported 
from Brazil amounted 33,471 tons, 
and in 1902, to 45,200 tons. 

COTTON— Next to tobacco, 
cotton is an important culture of the 
country. In 1870, the exportation of 
this product was valued at $12,000,- 
000. In 1871 and 1872 it went higher, 
reaching a value of $44,000,000. 
During the crisis, which this product 
suffered in foreign countries some 
Therezopolis Kange of Mountains. years ag0f Brazil took fourth place in 

the exportation of cotton, next to British-India, the United States and Egypt. 

Any of the states north of Sao Paulo are adapted to this culture but it is only cultivated on a large 
scale in the seacoast states, between Bahia and Maranhao. From 1883 to 1887 the exportation increased 
to 30,090 tons per year, always commanding good prices in foreign markets. On account of the great 
development in cotton manufacturing industries, the larger part of the production is consumed in the 
country. In 1901 the exportation of cotton amounted to 11,764 tons and to 32,137 tons in 1902. 

CEREALS AND POTATOES— All the cereals yield rich return in Brazil. Rice, produced in 
the damp plains and valleys of Sao Paulo, Minas Geraes, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catharina, Rio Grande 
do Sul and Maranhao, grows in long stems, 3 1-2 ft. high, with a production of from 50 to 60 times 
the seed used. 

The Maranhao rice is much finer than that of Indo-China and the Carolinas. In Campinas 
(Sao Paulo) the American white rice, in the graniferous period, reaches a height of 4 ft.; the black 
variety, cultivated in Pindamonhagaba, in the same state grows sometimes as high as 5 ft. The pro- 
duction in this state averages from 70 to 75 bushels per acre. In Santa Catharina, Parana and Rio 
Grande do Sul rice mills take care of the rice cultivated in these states. The production of this impor- 
tant food is so small in comparison with the consumption of the country, that the yearly importation 
amounts to many million pounds. 

WHEAT — The production of wheat is still small, notwithstanding the facts that all the states 
south of the tropics and the high lands of some northern states are ail suitable for its production. The 
State of Rio Grande do Sul cultivated wheat so extensively in past years, that it furnished this product 
to almost all the northern states of Brazil. 

The average temperature of Rio Grande do Sul is from 59 to 62 degrees Fahrenheit in the southern 
part and from 55 to 57 degrees in the 
mountainous region of the north, sus- 
ceptible, therefore, of the varied cul- 
tures of Portugal, Italy and Southern 
France. In Florianopolis there is an 
average temperature of 60 degrees, a 
little less than at Gibraltar; and in the 
high lands of Santa Catharina, which 
are isothermic with Montevideo, there 
could be grown all the species 
cultivated in France and Northern 
Italy. 




Military School, Botafogo. 



-48 




Paulistana Cotton .Mill. 



Similar conditions prevail in 
the States of Parana, Sao Paulo 
and Minas Geraes. The most 
favorable temperature and cli- 
matic conditions for the cultiva- 
tion of wheat exist in the folio-wing 
places: on the entire plateau of the 
Mantiquera Range, where the 
temperature is from 37 to 40 de- 
grees, in the Orgaos Range, with 
an average temperature of 64 
degrees, in the Cantagallo and 
Nova Friburgo plateaus, where it 
is not over 65 degrees and even 
in the States of Sergipe, Espirito 
Santo, Bahia, Pernambuco and 
Ceara. 

CORN — Corn is cultivated on a little larger scale but the production is not yet sufficient for the 
consumption of the country and it is therefore necessary to import this product extensively. Beans 
and potatoes are on a par with corn and are imported when they could form a valuable product of 
exportation, the soil possessing exceptional qualities for the cultivation of these plants. 

COCOA, GRAPE-WINE, FRUITS, ETC.— Cocoa is produced abundantly in many states of 
Brazil, as in Bahia, Para, Maranhao and Espirito Santo. In 190 \ the exportation of this product 
amounted to 15,682 tons, and to 20,642 tons in 1902. The greater part of this production is used by 
the national factories. 

The cultivation of vanilla, indigo, piassaba, aramina and other textile fibres is carried on to some 
extent but is not as important as that of cocoa. Vanilla is a native plant, found in the forests of 
Para, Amazonas and Matto Grosso. 

Indigo, from which ANIL-AZUL was very renowned, was some time ago, extensively cultivated 
in Brazil, namely in the State of Ceara; aramina is being carefully cultivated in the State of Sao Paulo, 
where its fibre is used for the manufacture of bags, taking the place of jute hemp, and with better results. 
GRAPE CULTURE — The grape culture has begun to show magnificent results in the southern 
states of the Republic, where the best wines in the country are made. The production of wine is 
yet in its infancy, not preventing importation on a large scale, nor that of fresh and dried grapes. 

Fruit is generally cultivated in small quantities. The country produces all the exotic, as well as 
an immense variety of native fruits almost all savory in taste. In the southern states and higher por- 
tions of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes apples, pears, peaches, cherries, plums, strawberries, melons 
and all the European fruits, abundantly produced, are profitably cultivated. 

EXTRACTIVE INDUS- 
TRIES — There are known to be 
many large and natural deposits 
of rock salt in Brazil, in the States 
of Matto Grosso, Goyaz, Parana, 
Bahia, Piauhy and Minas Geraes, 
which are frequently mixed with 
clay or marl, forming large loam 
pits of salted argill, in dry weather 



Bom Fim church, City of liahia. 




49 




iUGAR I'ACTO 



RIES, [NTERIDR VIEWS. 




Rio <;randense Lyceum, 



being covered with efflorescence. The exploitation 
of this salt is very small and in a rudimentary con- 
dition. Since the colonial epoch the chloride of sodium 
industry has been carried on, on the seacoast. 

The working of salterns is favorably carried on 
from Cabo Frio, near Rio de Janeiro, north as far as 
Piauhy. The seacoast of the States of Rio Grande do 
Norte and Ceara could furnish enough salt for the 
entire country and over, giving thus an additional 
article of export. 

From 1865-66 the vast salterns of Rio Grande do 
Norte produced only 5,327 tons of salt; but in 1893 a great impetus was given to this exploitation, 
resulting in a yearly output of 112,000 tons. The total production of salt in Brazil amounts now to 
240,000 tons per year, equal to that of Italy; but this quantity is not yet enough to supply the demands 
of the country, for the reason, that in some salterns the old process is still in use, producing a salt unfit 
for meat salting. In Rio Grande do Sul, where there are slaughter-houses, they prefer to import 
Cadiz salt. Brazil imports refined salt from Great Britain, although that industry has just been started 
in Rio de Janeiro. 

RUBBER- The SYMPHONIA ELASTIC A gum is the source of the great wealth of the 
Amazon. Almost all the affluents of this immense river flow through forests, in which these trees 
abound. In all the native forests of the Madeira, Purus, Acre, Uaco, Javary and Jurua Rivers this pro- 
duct is extracted on a very large scale, constituting a very valuable commerce. The immense forests 
of northern Matto Grosso, in the valley of the Guapore, have not yet been explored. A few years 
ago they began to extract Manitoba and Mangabeira, two native species of the States of Ceara and 
Bahia. The exportation of SYMPHONIA ELASTICA rubber from the ports of Belem and Manaos, 
in 1901, amounted to 29,147 tons and in 1902 to 27,113 tons, and 

Manicoba Mangabeira 

In 1901 472 tons 809 tons 

In 1902 801 " 574 " 

The total production of rubber in Brazil, in 1902, was valued at $36,919,000 and the importation 
of rubber manufactured products, at $518,000. These figures show the amount of business that could 
be done by factories established in the country thus reducing the price of goods by saving the expense 
of duty and freight. 

MATTE AND WOODS— In the States of Parana, Matto Grosso, Santa Catharina and Rio 
Grande do Sul there are large forests of the tree that produces matte, an excellent drink, rivaling coffee 
and tea. Picked from the tree in leaves and small stems, matte is prepared in special factories and 
exported in large quantities. The exportation from the above states in 1902, amounted to 4,970 tons. 

Brazil is immensely rich in all 
kinds of woods for building, naval 
construction and cabinet work. All 
the states have a large variety and 
the exportation thereof would be very 
extensive if the work were system- 
atically conducted. The exportation 
until the present time has been in- 
significant, taking into consideration 
the abundance of the woods and the 




interior of i.uz station. Sao Paulo Railway. 

- 51 




Luz station, Sao Paulo Railway. 

facilities of exploitation. In J 90 J, this exportation amounted to 3,279 tons, and in J 902, to 2,949 
tons only, 

PASTORAL INDUSTRIES— Brazil offers the most favorable conditions and unequalled 
facilities for the successful development of the pastoral industries. All the grazing lands of Rio Grande 
do Sul, Parana, Minas Geraes, Goyaz, Matto Grosso, Piauhy, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and those of 
the Marjo Island are the best in South America, on account of the mildness of the climate and the 
fattening qualities of their pastures. In the most northern part of Brazil the whole Rio Branco valley 
is covered with grazing lands of first-class quality. 

Until a few years ago, almost all the cattle raised in the country was from the Alentejan breed, 
brought by the Portuguese during the colonial epoch; but lately, many farmers, recognizing the 
advantage of breeding improvement, imported new breeds of Hereford, Durham, Shorthorn and Dutch 
cattle; Southdown, Leicester and Rambouillet sheep, for the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Minas 
Geraes, and Rio de Janeiro. The fields are all of the best quality of natural pasture of the graminea 
and leguminosa species; the jaragua of the genus Panacium is a graminea, which, in its chemical 
composition, rivals alfalfa. It can be sowed in any kind of ground, while the same cannot 
be said of alfalfa. 

The guinea (Panicum auriculatum) is as good as jaragua in its quick growth and endurance of 
the climatic conditions of both summer and winter; it is as rich as the latter in nitrates and even richer 
in carbon hydrates. 

The two kinds of pasture predominating in the fields are Pamapuan and Mimosa of different va- 
rieties, Capim Branco, Gordura and Mellado. 

The country has about 30,- 
000,000 head of cattle. They are 
raised only in four states for expor- 
tation, namely, Rio Grande do Sul, 
Minas Geraes, Goyaz and Matto 
Grosso, all the other states raising 
enough cattle for local use only. In 
Matto Grosso the stock is estimated 
at 3,000,000 head, the exportation 




[carahy Shore, Rio <!<• Janeiro. 



52 




Viaduct on Sao Paulo Railway. 



thereof being from 180 to 200,000 yearly. All 
the cattle from Goyaz and Minas Geraes is sent 
to Rio de Janeiro. This last state, which 
exports 180,000 head of cattle, has 4,000 
raising and fattening farms. From Rio Grande 
do Sul, only a small percentage of livestock is 
exported, almost all the cattle being used for 
salt dried meat. Some important establish- 
ments, called XARQUEADA, carry on this 
industry, slaughtering about 600,000 head of 
cattle yearly. 

Sheep breeding is not extensive and is yet 
confined to the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro. The wool production 
in the first named state, in J 903, amounted to 2,500,000 lbs. and 75,000 lbs. in the last. 

The output of the pork production in the States of Rio do Sul, Parana, Santa Catharina, Rio de 
Janeiro and Minas Geraes is of greater importance; the last state, which is the largest producer, raises 
a special breed of the finest quality, that has already adapted itself to the climate and food used in the 
country. 

Horse and mule raising is carried on in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Geraes, Sao 
Paulo and Parana. The breeds have been improved with care and there are some perfectly suited to 
the country. The Brazilian horse is fine in form, fleet, active, and possesses great power of 
endurance, qualities which make it a worthy rival of the best breeds known. 

Goat raising is carried on in the northern states of Bahia, Pernambuco, Piauhy, Rio Grande do 
Norte and Ceara, from which places the exportation of hides is made on a large scale. 

INDUSTRIES DERIVED FROM PASTORAL PRODUCTS— There are some tan yards in 
the country, but the tanning industry is not sufficiently developed and offers profitable investment for 
capital, if conducted on a large scale. The country has all the facilities to produce a large quantity 
of hides, of varied qualities; it possesses also, the first grade of tanning barks, such as the Sarandahy, 
Cajuerio and Angico. The national tan yards do not progress, however, and tanned hides are still 
extensively imported. The principal reason of this is the lack of sufficient capital to keep a large 
stock of hides on hand, in order to give the tanning bark all the time required to accomplish its work 
with perfection. 

From 1882-87 Brazil exported more than 58,000 tons of raw hides, while from 1886-87 there was 
imported more than $3,300,000 worth of leather and leather goods. In 1901 the importation of 




Portland Cement Factory. 
-53- 




Coxipo Bridge. Matto-Grosso. 



different kinds of leather amounted to 500 tons. 
The above figures show the opportunity of 
enlarging an industry, that would net large 
returns for invested capital. 

Until 1886, dairy products were found 
in a very small quantity, on the market. In 
the southern states, some cattle raisers in Minas 
Geraes and a few colonists, established in 
Petropolis and Fribourg, manufactured these 
products, but for local use only and to sell at the 
Federal Capital. 

The import tax of 30 % was low and en- 
couraged importation. From J 886-87, by the 



port of Rio de Janeiro alone, the country received almost 1,000 tons of dairy products, valued at 
$560,000, while the whole importation of the country was not less than 3,000 tons representing a value 
of $1,700,000. 

The increase, of the import tax since this last year, permitted the establishment of some factories. In 
the State of Minas Geraes alone, there are now 53 factories, whose products increase yearly. This 
production, in 1899, amounted to 85 tons, in 1900 to 150 tons and in 1902 to 300 tons. At the present 
time the yearly butter production in the country can be estimated at 700 tons, which is yet insufficient 
to supply the demand. 

Cheese manufacturing is less important than the preceeding, although in the same states, where 
butter is produced, cheese is also manufactured to a certain extent. In the city of Petropolis, small 
quantities of cheese, as good as that imported from France, is made. 

In Minas Geraes, a special kind of cheese is made which is very much sought after in the markets, 
but on account of the large amount of water it contains, it can not be exported and ought to be used 
fresh. The production in that state amounted to 3,159 tons in 1887, 3,268 tons in 1889 and 3,311 tons 
in 1900. 

The ham production is very small; almost all that is used being imported into the country. 
The lard industry is progressing. Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catharina, Parana and Minas 
Geraes furnish lard for the local market, also some for the other states, thus causing a decrease in the 
importation of the product. 

From 1886-1887, the port of Rio de Janeiro alone, imported more than 1,000 tons of lard and 
1 ,200 of ham and other pork products. 

In 1902, the importation for the whole country amounted to 4,206 tons of lard and 295 tons of 
other pork products. 

Brazil is not an industrial country as yet but it possesses all those natural resources, which, if 
developed, would place it among the 
first in the world in a very few 
years. Industries can be carried on 
by individuals or companies, who are 
permitted to enjoy every liberty, the 
only restriction being those with re- 
gard to the morals, safety and health 
of the public in general. 

The laws of the country insure 
equal rights to all, although excep- 
tionally some temporary privileges are 




Kio Grande do Norte Harbor. 



54 




commercial Bank and I'rovincial Bank. Porto Alegre. 



granted in favor of some new invention, 
process or industry. 

The National Congress awards premi- 
ums for the breeding and raising of fine 
cattle and for the development of any new 
industry. "When it becomes necessary the 
tariff protects home products. 

Manufacturing industries have already 
shown rapid progress during the past few- 
years. Great numbers of industrial com- 
panies have been established all over the country and they have shown yearly progress. 

BEER — Until 1885, the production of beer in Brazil was confined to an inferior grade, obtained 
by the fermentation of barley with the aid of sugar, all higher grades of this product being imported. 
The increase in the import-tax, established by law in that year, gave rise to the installation of new 
factories, using the refrigerating process, which at the present time, produce beer of the best quality, 
rivaling those imported. 

The breweries of Rio de Janeiro and S. Paulo have a producing capacity of 440,000 gals. But 
they scarcely ever exceed half that quantity. There is no more foreign beer on the market, with the 
exception of a small quantity imported from England, labeled Guiness. 

The importation of barley in 1902 amounted to J 27 tons and that of malt to 4,521 tons. 

BISCUITS —The biscuit industry in Brazil controls the home market and very little is now im- 
ported. Rio de Janeiro has 17 biscuit factories; the city of S. Paulo 25 and the State of S. Paulo more 
than 200. In Secchi's factory, the daily production exceeds 3 tons, the factory covering an area of 
25,000 sq. ft. This industry is in a very prosperous condition in Rio Grande do Sul, Pernambuco and 
some other states. 

CANNED GOODS— In the States of Rio Grande do Sul, S. Catharina, Sao Paulo and Rio de 
Janeiro, this industry is very much advanced and the products are of the finest quality. This industry 
is carried on in almost all the states. 

VINEGAR AND ALCOHOLIC LIQUIDS -In the States of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Bahia 
and Pernambuco vinegar is made by the oxidation of alcohol, this article being no longer imported. 
A national product of the finest quality supplies the market. 

Alcohol and rum, both manufactured of sugar-cane, are better than similar foreign products, which 
are no longer imported. In the line of liquors and cordials, the Brazilian products are of the highest 
grade and could command a large export trade, if made in greater quantities. Flavors, taken from 
Brazilian fruits and crystallized cane sugar, the best for the production of these articles, are used. 

COTTON MATERIALS -Until J896, all the Brazilian cotton mills in Sao Paulo, Minas 
Geraes and Rio de Janeiro, manufactured a low grade of cheap goods for the confection of bags and 

very little attempt was made to 
produce muslin. 

As long as Brazil was an 
Empire, the cotton cultivated in 
the country was exported raw, 
and all the cotton goods imported 
from the manufacturing countries. 
From 1882-87 the exportation of 
raw cotton amounted to 129,000 




Corcovado Mountain. View taken from Nichtheroy 

- 55 - 





ififti 




STATE OF MINAS GERAKS, PRESIDENT'S PALACE -HELLO HORISONTE. 
1— Reception Hall. 2— Exterior view of Palace. 




View of top of Seira Range. 



tons, valued at $30,000,000, mak- 
ing an annual average of $6,000,- 
000. In one single year, 1886-87, 
the port of Rio de Janeiro alone 
imported $5,000,000 worth of 
manufactured cotton goods, show- 
ing that one single port of Brazil 
imported in that year cotton 
goods amounting to almost the 
same value as that of all the raw 
cotton exported by the entire coun- 
try. This state of affairs was 
entirely changed by the tariff law 
of 1896. Brazil has now a great 
number of cotton-mills, provided with all the improvements of modern industry, where all kinds of 
material from the cheapest to the highest quoted in the market, are manufactured. 

The importation of these goods has been yearly restricted, the national factories now almost 
entirely owning the market. 

WOOLEN MATERIALS -This industry is just in its infancy. For a long time there was only 
one factory in the country, namely in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, which limited itself to the pro- 
duction of woolen blankets. 

Some years after, two more large factories were established in the same state, also one in Rio de 
Janeiro. There are now some new factories in Sao Paulo, all of which are progressively working, 
manufacturing cloth for army and navy uniforms, some cashmeres and flannels, being in no way 
inferior to those imported. The factories: Union Fabril, Porto Alegrense, in the State of Rio Grande 
do Sul and the New Rink factory in Rio de Janeiro have the most complete installations for the 
manufacturing of all kinds of woolen goods of the finest quality. 

The increasing value of this industry can readily be seen by the fact that, in the year 1886-87, 
the port of Rio de Janeiro alone imported about $4,400,000 worth of manufactured woolen goods, the 
total importation of the entire country being about $9,000,000; while in 1902 the importation by the 
same port amounted to $900,000 only, and of this amount $700,000 was for yarn to be woven in the 
home factories. 

LINEN MATERIAL Flax is not cultivated in Brazil, but there are large regions of the country 
where the conditions are favorable to the growth of this plant. 

Linen weaving is carried on by some 
foreign colonies only in the States of Rio 
Grande do Sul, Parana and Santa Catha- 
rina, on a very small scale, and usually for 
their own use. This new industry, estab- 
lished two years ago, is now being tried in 
a factory in Rio de Janeiro, all the thread 
used, however, being imported. In 1902 
the importation of raw linen amounted to 
$198,000. 

JUTE AND HEMP MATERIAL— 
This industry has an exceptional impor- 
tance in the country, on account of the large 




: 



Residence of one of the Officers of the "Arethuzina" Cotton Mill. 

-57- 




exportation of coffee, which is all shipped in bags made of 
this material. While Brazil was an Empire, on acccount of 
the low import tax on them t almost all the goods used in 
making bags were imported. The tax was $50 per ton. 
Since this tax was raised to $162 per ton, Brazil has 15 facto- 
ries of 2,339 looms, having a producing capacity of 68,000,- 
000 yds, per year, or 43,000,000 bags. Some of these facto- 
ries are still importing the thread they use, this importation 
amounting to 14,747 tons in 1902, and valued at $2,000,000. 
Notwithstanding the large production of the country, hemp materials are still imported. In 1902 
this importation amounted to 362 tons, worth $133,500. 

Aramina is a new kind of fibrous plant cultivated in Brazil. This industry is growing rapidly in 
the State of Sao Paulo. The plant's exceptional quality makes it the best fibre for the manufacture 
of bags, ropes, cords, rugs, etc. 

SILK— The raising of the silkworm is a future industry in Brazil. The Bombyx Mori becomes 
easily acclimated in all the southern states, in the Italian colonies of Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, 
Santa Catharina and Parana. This industry is progressing, not on a large scale, but in many little 
spinning and weaving factories. In Minas Geraes this industry has been tried with the best results, 
and the Government of this State and that of Sao Paulo endeavor, with every effort, to encourage its 
improvement, offering premiums of $1,250 to $5,000 for the silk culture presenting the best results. 

There are many silk, ribbon and lace mills, but they all work with imported thread. In the 
southern states, can be found some silk cords, tassels, silk trimmings, etc., made by some silkworm 
raisers in their own homes. 

The importation of silk for the trade, mixed or otherwise, used for embroidery, etc., amounted to 
S400,000 in 1902, and that of manufactured silk goods was valued at $2,100,000, of which $575,000 
was for ribbons, $793,500 for materials and $729,000 for silk thread and other products. 

GLASS, CERAMICS, PAPER, ETC.— Glass manufacturing is carried on in the cities of Rio de 
Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Porto Alegre, where goods of inferior quality only are manufactured, on ac- 
count of the lack of capital. In Sao Paulo there is one factory only, which produces glass of the finest 
quality, crystal and cut-glass. 

The ceramic industry had almost fallen into desuetude, when in 1895 an increase in the duties 
from 1-2 cent to 2 1-2 cents per lb. on imported products permitted it to progress rapidly, and 5 factories 
were established, with a total capital of $1,250,000. Three of these factories are located in the State 
of Sao Paulo, one in Rio Grande do Sul and one in Minas Geraes (Caete), all producing first-class 
material. Argill and kaolin deposits of excellent quality are abundant in all the states, so that this in- 
dustry has in it the possibilities for continued prosperity. 

In 1887 there was not one paper 
factory in the entire country, but immedi- 
ately after Brazil became a Republic, there 
were three established in Sao Paulo, two 
in Rio Grande do Sul and one in Mendes, 
State of Rio de Janeiro. 

The production of these factories has 
not been in very large quantities. One of 
the factories of Rio Grande do Sul, estab- 
lished in Porto Alegre, is producing com- 
mon paper in sufficient quantities to supply 




Bankhead \ lew, S. Paulo Ry. 



58- 




the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catharina and Parana. The ma- 
terial used for this product is the native taquara or bamboo, 

FURNITURE— This is one of the most advanced industries in the 
country and it will be a hard task for any other country to compete with 
the Brazilian product, on account of the beautiful variety of woods t speci- 
ally adapted to this kind of work, growing there. One factory, established 
long years ago, made Rio de Janeiro the popular center for this indus- 
try, enhancing and improving the artistic designs and stimulating the 
taste for national furniture. This movement spread over almost all the 
states, so that at the present time there are many factories in Rio de 
Janeiro, Bahia, Sao Paulo, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, etc., which produce, 

in adequate quantity, all kinds of furniture used in the country, reducing the actual importation of 
furniture to that only made of bent wood; and even this will, in a short time, be all manufactured in 
the country out of native woods of better quality than that of which those imported are made. 

Many other industries are progressing in the Republic, some of which have already stopped the 
importation of products from similar foreign industries, as for example: matches, candles, shoes, phar- 
maceutical products, hats, playing-cards, perfumery, etc. The tariff law of 1896, which increased the 
import tax, caused this industrial development and encouraged the investment of capital in many in- 
dustries. 

COMMERCE — Ever since 1808 the Brazilian Government has opened, to the free trade of the 
world, all her ports on her 6,200 miles of coast-line and of all of her navigable rivers. The Government 
has given to the trade very important and special privileges, has regulated all transactions with equal 
justice and gives protection whenever it is necessary. 

The progressive growth of the income from custom duties during the last few years certainly 
shows the improvement of commercial interchange between Brazil and other nations. A little more 
than twenty years ago, from 1880-81, the general direct trade of Brazil was valued at $100,000,000, of 
which, $45,000,000 represented the importation and $55,000,000 the exportation. In 1888, the last 
year of the Empire, the direct, inter-state and foreign trade reached the sum of $153,000,000. At this 
time the foreign shipping trade was valued at $111,238,000 — $52,559,000 being for exportation and 
$58,679,000 for importation. 

In 1890 the general direct commerce increased to $131,358,000 of which $71,510,000 was for ex- 
portation and S59 ,848,000 for importation. 

In 1891 this importation increased extraordinarily, almost double, to $113,000,000; but even 
in this year it was not higher than the exportation, arhich during the 
same period increased to $121,750,000. The following figures 
show that in three years Brazil's exportation was more than 
doubled: $52,559,000 in 1888 and $121,750,000 in 1891. 

Always on the increase, the exportation in 1897 amounted to 
S280,892,000 and the importation to $140,000,000. 

The decrease in the price of coffee, which has prevailed during 
the last few years, caused as a consequence, a reduction in these 
figures, but even during this period the exportation has always been 
higher than the importation. 

In 1901, the exportation amounted to $250,207,000 and the im- 
portation to SI 03,605,000; in 1902, the former to SI 83,984,000 and 
the latter to SI 22,74 1,000. 




59 




Bamboo Allee, Rio cle Janeiro, Museum Garden. 



The larger part of this extensive com- 
merce goes via the port of Rio de Janeiro, 
■which is the market for three states: Rio 
de Janeiro, Minas Geraes and Sao Paulo, 
Notwithstanding its incontestable impor- 
tance, the city of Rio de Janeiro has not a 
commercial wharf in accordance with the 
necessities and demands of such complex 
work as that of a first-class port. 

This improvement was under consid- 
eration many times, but only little work 
was accomplished, decidedly inadequate to meet the exigencies of and quite disproportionate to the 
commercial movement. 

The construction of a modern wharf in the Capital of the Republic was not only a commercial 
necessity but an indispensable work for the improvement of the sanitary conditions of the city. All 
the professional authorities, having studied this matter, stated, that the construction of a quay along 
the littoral of the city was of the first and greatest importance. 

In his electoral platform the present President of the Republic, F. P. Rodriguez Alves, an- 
nounced as an essential part of his program the improvement of the sanitary conditions of the city 
of Rio de Janeiro, and ever since the first days of his administration Major Lauro Muller, Secretary 
of Industry, has had this matter under consideration, endeavoring to make the execution of this 
work a reality. 

To cover the extraordinary cost of this work, the National Congress created a special tax, 
varying to 2 % in gold, on the value of the entire importation, so that the law passed for this work 
would not overburden the ordinary budget. All the work for this important improvement was 
contracted for by Walker & Co., including the construction of a wharf 10,600 feet long, large 
warehouses, and the installation of all apparatus necessary for the handling of cargo. The same 
contract provided for the construction of all railways to receive and discharge all merchandise from 
warehouses, and a channel alongside the wharf to have a depth of 28 feet at low water and to be 
910 feet wide. 

In connection with this improvement there is another one being made by the Federal Govern- 
ment, which is the construction of a large avenue 5,540 feet long and 100 feet wide, starting from 
the wharf and traversing the commercial part of the city, thus providing easy transit for all kinds 
of vehicles. 

The Municipal Government, in conjunction with the General Government, is, at its own 
expense, contributing to the improvement of the city by widening and lengthening different streets 
and by constructing new ones, in order to have a complete system of avenues, affording easy transit 
through the densest part of the city. 

The estimate of the entire construction to be made by the General Government amounts to 
542,000,000. Taking as a basis of calculation the 
five years from 1898-1902, the tax of 2% in gold on 
the value of the entire importation will amount to 
$3,217,000, which sum is sufficient to guarantee all 
the obligations of the loan. On May 18, 1903, the 
General Government contracted in London a loan of 
£8,500,000. The work was commenced a few months 
later, is progressing rapidly and will be entirely com- 
pleted in a short time. 



Central Ky. station of Uio de Janeiro. 



J" 



L 




-60- 




Residence in Tatuny. 



RAILROADS— Since 1874, the Bra- 
zilian Government having carefully 
assisted in the improving and enlarging 
of the railroad system in the country, 
many companies were incorporated and 
different lines constructed, starting from 
the principal cities on the coast. Taking 
into consideration the hydrographic con- 
dition of Brazil, having an immense 
coast on the Atlantic provided with mag- 
nificent ports and many navigable rivers, 
flowing through the country from the 
interior to the sea, it can be said that, with its present systems of railways, the traffic of the country 
enjoys all necessary transportation facilities. 

After inspecting a map of Brazil it is true it might seem that the railroad facilities are inade- 
quate, but it only appears to be so on account of the vast territory, which the railways cover and 
because the population being more condensed on the sea coast, they are confined principally to 
that section, leaving out the interior of the country, which is only sparsely settled. Even in this 
part, however, transportation is not so difficult, on account of the large number of navigable rivers. 
The distribution of population and the great amount of production were the principal factors 
which made the construction of railroads along the coast a necessity. 

The section of the country in which railroading is most complete is a large zone of more than 
350,000 square miles, comprising the States of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Minas Geraes and a part 
of Espirito Santo, where the population is more condensed and the products of great importance. 
This is one of the most mountainous parts of the country, and for that reason the construction of 
railroads was more difficult and expensive; but as it is the coffee-producing section, and as the 
natural ways of communication are very inadequate, every effort was directed toward the further- 
ing of the construction of railroads, so that these regions can now be traversed in any direction, 
from one end to another, making a trip the length of which corresponds with one from Marseilles 
to Warsaw, or from Bordeaux to Vienna. 

A look at the map will suffice to show that all the zones in the neighborhood of an important 
port are well supplied with more or less completed railway systems connecting the sea-port with the 
interior of the country. 

These different systems are : The Rio Grande do Sul; the Parana, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, 

Minas Geraes and Espirito Santo; the 
Bahia; the Alagoas, Pernambuco and 
Parahyba. Besides there are many other 
railroad lines not included in these four 
systems. 

The Rio Grande do Sul System, 
which is also a strategic railway, connects 
the Capital of the State and the sea-port 
of Rio Grande with the southern frontier 
of the Republic. It comprises eight dif- 
ferent railroads, with a length of 985 
miles. 




sao Paulo Railway. 



61 




The Parana, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, 
Minas Geraes and Espirito Santo System is 
the largest of the four ; it crosses the country 
from the sea-port of Paranagua to that of 
Victoria, being more fully developed in the 
States of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, 
where it extends to the sea-ports of the Fed- 
eral Capital and Santos, and to many 
others of less importance. From the inte- 
rior, it stretches its lines to the far western 
part of Minas Geraes and Sao Paulo, and 
Pupils of Piracicaba school. passes on to Catalao, in the State of Goyaz. 

This system includes different branches, with a total length of 7,270 miles. 

The third system extends from the sea-port of Bahia to the interior, centre and northern part of 
the same state, on towards the Alagoas and Pernambuco System; it reaches the boundary of Sergipe, 
near the Atlantic coast and Joaseiro, on the High Sao Francisco River, which forms the boundary of 
Pernambuco. The seven railroads belonging to this system have a total length of 700 miles. 

On account of the great number of sea-ports in this State, the different railways, instead of forming 
one system and running to the Capital of the State, go each to a different port, thus shortening the 
distance for the shipment of goods. 

The Alagoas, Pernambuco and Parahyba System extends from the port of Maceio in the State 
of Alagoas, to that of Parahyba, Capital of the State of the same name. The principal port to which 
it extends is Recife, Capital of Pernambuco. This system has twelve railroads and a total length of 
688 miles. 

Besides these systems, there are nine other railroads extending from the different ports on the 
coast to the interior plateau, having a total length of 730 miles. Many others are in course of con- 
struction or being planned. 

Almost all the Brazilian railroads were constructed by concessions granted by the General Gov- 
ernment or by those of the States — privilege of zone — some economic protection and in a few instan- 
ces a guarantee of interest on a limited capital. 

The General Government has constructed, and manages at its own expense, some railroads 
belonging to the Republic. In 1903 Brazil had a total length of 13,697 miles of railway. 

EDUCATION— Brazil has her general EDUCATION organized with regard to its different 
branches : elementary, secondary, superior 
and technic professional. 

The State Government and municipal- 
ities have entire charge of the elementary 
education, which at the Federal Capital is 
conducted at the expense of the Municipality. 
Secondary education is maintained by 
the State Government also, but the General 
Government contributes to and supervises 
that of the Federal Capital, as well as hav- 
ing charge of all the higher education, 
throughout the entire Republic. Professional 
education is divided between the three 
Governments:— Municipal, State and Gen- 
eral Governments. 




Bankhead 9. Paulo Ry 



62 



fill! . 

J Iff 1 f ffi 'ffiffl 




President's Palace, Rio <le Janeiro. 



In the Federal District primary education is given 
in schools of three categories: Kindergarten and First 
and Second Grade schools. 

The Kindergarten are establishments -where 
children of both sexes, from 4 to 6 years of age, receive 
a common education in accordance with their physical 
and intellectual development. In these schools the first 
elementary instruction is given by special methods, 
comprising games for children, gradual physical exer- 
cises, manual training, principles of moral education, common knowledge of objects and exercises in 
language, the first elements of drawing, reading, writing and arithmetic. 

The primary schools of the First Grade are divided into schools for girls and boys; both for child- 
ren from 7- J 4 years old. Women teachers are obligatory in girls' schools and either men or women 
in those for boys. 

In the primary school of the Second Grade the education comprehends: penmanship, Portuguese, 
French, elementary mathematics, geography and history, principally of Brazil, first elements of phy- 
sics, chemistry and natural history, drawing, music, gymnastics and manual training. 

This part of education is generally managed by the State Government, but the Union has one 
Institute of this kind at the Federal Capital, the curriculum and organization of which serve as a guide 
for the similar schools of the entire Republic. 

Besides the high schools for military and naval candidates, the Federal Government conducts 6 
more Institutes, namely: 2 Medical Schools — Rio de Janeiro and Bahia; 2 Law Schools — Sao Paulo 
and Recife; J of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro and \ of Mining in Ouro Preto. 

The Medical schools have special courses for the study of pharmacy, obstetrics and dentistry. 
There are many other schools for the study of the higher branches belonging to private parties or 
financially aided by appropriations from the State Government, which enjoy equal privileges with the 
official schools because they conform to all the demands of the General Code of superior education. 

Belonging to the General Government, the majority being located at the Capital of the Republic, 
are the following establishments for intellectual culture: Bacteriologic Laboratory, National School of 
Fine Arts (painting, sculpture and architecture), Institutes for the Blind and Deaf-Mutes; schools of 
music, Serotherapic Institute, Botanical Garden, National Museum (natural history and archeology), 
Astronomic Observatory, National Library, one of the richest in original documents and cuts, having 
260,000 volumes of printed matter, 280 manuscript documents, 140,000 cuts and one of the largest 
numismatic collections of 25,000 coins and medals, 2,500 printed geographical maps and 500 that are 
hand made. 

IMMIGRATION — At present all the immigration that comes to Brazil is voluntary, showing a 

preference for the southern states, 
from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande 
do Sul. The immigrants are princi- 
pally Italians, Germans, Portuguese, 
Spaniards and Poles. 

Rich colonies have been founded 
in Brazil by immigrants, which have 
developed into large centres of popu- 
lation, among these being Petropolis, 
Nova Friburgo (State of Rio de 
Janeiro ; Caehoeira da Leopoldina, 




Dredge Working at C'oxipo (iold Mine, state of Matto<;rosso. 

- 63 - 




PRIVATE RESIDENCES IN BEIvLO HORISONTE, STATE OF MINAS GERAES. 




Carlos Gomez Theatre. 



St. Thereza and St. Isabel (State of Espirito Santo), 
Blumenau and Joinville (St. Catharina); St. Cruz, 
Conde d'Eu, D. Isabel, Caxias (Rio Grande do Sul). 

The General Government gives no subvention to 
immigration companies, but it has a lodging house 
for voluntary immigrants who come to settle in the 
country. It gives them shelter and free transportation 
to any part of the country in which they prefer to 
live. There are at present more than 390,000 Bra- 
zilians of German parentage living in very prosperous 
colonies in the southern states. 

In 1901 Brazil received 76,292 colonists, in 1902, 14,358 landed in the city of Rio de Janeiro and 
from 1855 to 1901 the total number of colonists recorded at different ports was 2,023,693. 

All the Brazilian States have special laws facilitating the buying of lands and for the first year offer 
special inducements to settlers with their families. The National and Foreign Steamship Companies 
as well as the railroads give good transportation service. The latter have accomplished much in their 
already extensive operations, when the immense size of the country is taken into consideration. Every 
year hundreds of additional kilometres of railroads are being opened to public traffic. The operating 
railroads, the concessions given for the laying of new tracks, and for those being surveyed and planned 
by the Government, show that in a very short time the entire country will be covered by an extensive 
system of railway, offering every facility for the transportation of products from far interior points to 
the shipping ports and centres of population. The total number of miles of railroad in operation in 
1903 was 13,697. 

TELEGRAPH — The States of Brazil, their cities, towns and principal villages are connected by 
telegraph lines, which belong to the National Government. Brazil is also in communication with the 
different parts of the world by means of submarine cables. 

The principal cities of the republic are lighted by electricity and have street-cars. 

POPULATION— Although the last census was incorrectly made, it can be stated positively that 
the population of the country numbers now at least 20,000,000. 

FINANCES — The official report of the Secretary of the Treasury for the fiscal year ending 1903, 
shows that the revenue of the Republic was : 



Revenue in gold Rs. 77,646, J93$488 

" in paper Rs. 346,503,095$ JJ 3 

Expense in gold Rs. 34,650,246$294 

" in paper Rs. 251,763,769$208 

Leaving a balance for this fiscal year of : 

Balance in gold Rs. 42,995,947$ 194 

44 in paper Rs. 94,739, 325$905 

This balance is not final, however, the report having been made before all the accounts were 
completed. During the past years severe measures have been taken to ascertain the exact receipts of 
the income tax and resolutions adopted to use the strictest economy in the expenditure of public monies. 
These measures have placed the country in an exceedingly prosperous condition. Brazilian bonds are 
quoted in the London market as first-class securities. 



65 



The products exported from the country during the nine months from January to September, 1902, 
amounted to, as follows : 

EXPORTS : 

Animals and their products £ 1,365,343 

Minerals and their products 633,188 

Vegetables and their products 24,078,528 

Total £26,077,057 

Metallic money and Fiduciary £25,568 

The above figures are given for products on board steamers at the points of export of the Republic, 

CONSTITUTION — The Brazilian Constitution, which was framed on the most advanced and 
liberal principles, declares a federal republican form of government. 

There is no official form of religion and although the greater part of the people are Apostolic 
Roman Catholics, all religions enjoy equal rights and entire liberty. 

JUSTICE — Justice is guaranteed by courts of different instance, established by the organic law of 
the country. Education is liberally distributed all over the country, from the elementary to the highest 
grades, the best institutions belonging to the General Government, the states and the municipalities. For 
the army and navy the General Government has special schools that can be compared with the best in 
the world, where the candidates to the service and the young officers are familiarized with all the new 
methods of war. 

Public order is guaranteed by the police; and for her self defense and integrity, Brazil maintains a 
permanent army and navy, with their reserves. 

The Capital of the Republic is situated in the state of the same name, the Federal District covering 
an area of 1,892 square kilometres. The harbor of Rio de Janeiro, known also asGuanabara, perhaps 
the largest and most beautiful in the world, has a circumference of forty-five miles. 

The Brazilian Capital is greatly favored by its peculiar topographical situation. It has been con- 
sidered, without reason but rather with injustice, until a few years ago as unhealthy, on account of some 
cases of yellow fever, which, as a matter of fact, during only two months of the year ever attacks the 
inhabitants. 

Nov/ this erroneous idea has been dispelled. By the improvements made in private and public 
hygiene, by the prophylactic measures taken in accordance with the best and most modern processes 
of sanitation, as a result of recent experiments, yellow fever has been entirely eradicated. The death- 
rate, taking into consideration the totality of diseases and density of the population, is at the minimum 
and shows that very few such populous centres as Rio de Janeiro enjoy as good hygienic conditions. 




66- 



BRAZIL 

GENERAL IMPORTS 

IN 1902 




CLASS I— Animals Living and Stuffed 

Animals stuffed 

Birds and fowls, all kinds 

Asses, horses and mules , 

Goats and sheep , 

Swine 

Cattle 

Animals living, unenumerated. 



Head 



CLASS II — Raw Material or Prepared for Use in Arls and 
Industries 



Cotton Raw and Prepared, 



Yarn 

Sewing thread 

Washed, combed and in wool or wadding. 
Twisted or braided 



Hair, Furs and Feathers. 



Horse hair 

Beaver, hare, rabbit or other furs, 

Feathers all kinds 

All other unenumerated 



Kilo 



Cane, Bamboo, Rush, Osier, Etc 



Cane and bamboo 

Rush, rattan and osier, 
Others unenumerated.. 



Lead, Tin. Zinc and Alloys 



Lead, pig. ingot and sheet. . . . 
Tin, bar, rod, sheet and plate. 
Zinc, sheet and plate 



Copper and Alloys 

Cast, moulded and filings, etc. 
Animal Residues 



Whalebone, crude or prepared^ 

Wax, crude or prepared 

Glue and gelatine 

Spermaceti or stearine 

Guano and other manures 

Other animal oils for industrial purposes un- 
enumerated 

Tallow and grease 

Unenumerated 



Iron and Steel 



Steel, bar and rod 

Iron, bar, rod and plain sheet 

Iron, pig, cast, puddled and filings, 



3.456 
31.016 

474 
^4.468 



3.628.096 

2.090.363 

932.545 

573.224 

31.964 



2.079 

44.600 

1.006 



3.254 
104.037 



3.479.563 

2.926.125 
143.406 
410.032 

813.740 

813.740 



7.043 
13.645 
82.003 
44.561 
21.143 

22.823 
4.812.495 



18.639.688 

1.942.871 

13.713.924 

2.982.893 



5.096:677$ 

2:504$ 

9:270$ 

578:029$ 

352:681$ 

29:541$ 

4.097:339$ 

27:313$ 



89 192:565$ 

8.960:440$ 

3.369:884$ 
5.192:826$ 

322:838$ 
74:892$ 

714:874$ 

7:612$ 

641:059$ 

44:239$ 

21:964$ 

164:244$ 

2:838$ 
161:349$ 

57$ 

1.383:675$ 

771:200$ 
394:569$ 
217:906$ 

1.168:153$ 

1.168:153$ 

3.562:611$ 

46:626$ 

22:625$ 

173:841$ 

41:461$ 

9:796$ 

18:726$ 

3.168:790$ 

80:746$ 

3.536:023$ 

618:190$ 

2.656:632$ 

261:201$ 



67 



G EX E R A L I M PORTS - C ONTIN U ED. 



MERCHANDISE 



C/ass //—Continued. 



UNIT 



QUANTITY 



Jute and Hemp 

Yarn or prepared 

Waste or oakum 

Wool 

Washed, carbonised, dyed and raw 

Yarn and wool lor embroidery 

Waste (scrap) 

Linen 

Crude or prepared 

Yarn and thread 

Lumber and Timber 

Staves and hoops 

Cork and bark 

Match sticks and boxes 

Wood pulp for manufacture of paper 

Pine 

Unenumerated 

Substances for the Manufacture of Per- 
fumery, Dyes, Paints, etc 

White lead and zinc white 

Indigo and ultramarine blue 

vSoda ash or potash 

Aniline and fuschine dyes 

Essences all kinds; oils, fixed, liquid or con- 
crete, pyrogeneous, volatile and essential 

Lamp black and other dry unenumerated paints 

Red lead or minium 

L T nenumerated 

Other Metalloids and Metals 

Aluminum, bar, sheet and wire 

Antimony, arsenic and bismuth 

Sulphur 

Mercury or quicksilver 

Nickel in cubes and sheet 

Unenumerated 

( »<>i.i>, Silver and Platinum 

Gold, bar, dust and scrap 

Gold leaf for gilding and dentistry 

Platinum, bar, sheet and wire 

Silver in bars 

Silver leaf for plating and dentistry 



Kilo 



0.1 F. VALUE 
IN BRAZIL. 

By Article 
In Mil Beis Paper 



15.129.086 


8.6071487$ 


14.747.044 
382.042 


8.363:991$ 
243:496$ 


518.822 


1.843:046$ 


195.303 

315.300 

8.219 


486:613$ 
1.332:009$ 

24:424$ 


167.546 


397:792$ 


60.647 
106.899 


37:490$ 
360:302$ 


— 


5.204:774$ 


2.612 
1.869.989 

87.288 


48:027$ 

1:290$ 

683:005$ 

16:304$ 

4.234:003$ 

222:145$ 


— 


5.580:962$ 


1.448.267 

132.755 

3.110.110 

242.275 


645:134$ 

131:729$ 

437:900$ 

1.180:821$ 


2.997.466 
1.195.951 

430.297 


2.249:101$ 
446:203$ 
147:978$ 
342:096$ 


— 


323:072$ 


893 

57.674 

1.030.822 

6.475 

1.121 


7:277$ 

30:127$ 

161:242$ 

38:867$ 

5:035$ 
80:524$ 


130 640 


65:194$ 


102 065 

5 ,„•,.-, 

QMS 

23095 


1:3035 
50:605$ 

11:188$ 

(4 
2:092$ 



68- 



GENERAL IMPORTS— CONTINUED. 



MERCHANDISE 



UNIT 



QUANTITY 



C. I. F. VALUE 
IN BRAZIL. 

V>y Article 
In Mil Hois Paper 



Class //— Continued. 

Straw, Broom Grass, Cocoa Fibre, Pita, Pias- 
sava, paina and other flbrous materials 

Paina (vegetable wool or silk) all kinds 

Corn leaves for cigarettes 

Mat and hat straw v . . 

Straw fibre 

Broom straw 

Excelsior (~ostera marina) 

Unenumerated 



Kilo 



Plants, Leavpcs, Flowers, Fruit, Berries, 
Seeds, Roots, Barks, Etc 



Malt 

Leaves, flowers, herbs, stems, 
barks, medicinal or for dyes. . . 

Tobacco, in leaf : 

Live plants, all kinds 

Unenumerated 



hops, roots, 



Stone, Earths and Other Similar Minerals 



Asbestos 

Argil, clay and moulders' sand 

Coal 

Patent fuel ". 

Cement 

Coke 

Emery stone and powder 

Chalk and gypsum (plaster of Paris; 
Marble, alabaster and porphyry. 

Precious stones 

Unenumerated 



Hides and Skins 



Tanned and otherwise prepared. 
Sole leather 



Silk 



In cocoons, loose and waste, 
Yarn and thread 



Vegetable Juices and Extracts. 



Tar and pitch 

Vegetable oils or fat for industrial purposes. 

Oil and wine 

Rosin 

AVax and vegetable fat 

Gums, rosins and balsams, crude 

Unenumerated 



CLASS III— Manufactures 

Cotton, Mixed or Unmixed. 



Tapestry, oilcloths and carpets 

Neckties 

Hosiery 

Lace, frills, insertions, galloons, etc 
Vearing apparel 



26.220 

44.807 

4.669 

413.074 

11.516 



4.521.729 



159.576 



6.930 

1.119.537 

943.564.243 

11.762.224 

58.763.584 

5.858.427 

39.306 

1.653.827 

1.666.013 



799.872 

795.327 
4.545 

12.567 

153 
12.414 



538.599 

4.101.259 

162 

10.683.378 

233 

210.932 



132.275 



434:706$ 

172:326$ 

80:331$ 

3:136$ 

146:699$ 

3:069$ 

29:145$ 

3.013:043$ 

1.707:072$ 

754:250$ 

412:090$ 

45:686$ 

93:945$ 

32 819:860$ 

9:223$ 

84:094$ 

27.904:732$ 

294:373$ 

3.024:979$ 

278:818$ 

8:967$ 

78:798$ 

230:937$ 

420:595$ 

484:344$ 

6.533:761$ 

6.517:819$ 
15:942$ 

428:655$ 

3:699$ 
424:956$ 

4.450:193$ 

81:907$ 

2.672:363$ 

144$ 

1.209:835$ 

543$ 

254:140$ 

231:261$ 

202.998:926$ 
56.294:960$ 

341:184$ 

25:213$ 

1.968:437$ 

3.212:085$ 

3.263:293$ 



69- 



GENERAL IMPORTS— CONTINUED. 



MERCHANDISE 



UNIT 



QUANTITY 



C. I. F. VALUE 
IN BRAZIL. 



By Article 
In Mil R lis Paper 



Class III — Continued. 

Piece goods, bleached 

' ' unbleached 

" printed 

dyed 

unenumerated 

Unenumerated 

Aluminum 

Manufactures of aluminum 

Arms and Ammunition 

Artillery 

Lead bullets and shot, caps and cartridges 

Iron and steel bullets and cannon balls 

Fire arms, all kinds 

Swords, foils and other edged weapons 

Powder 

Unenumerated 

Hair, Furs and Feathers 

Brushes, all kinds, dusters and brooms 

Unenumerated 

Cane, Bamboo, Rush, Rattan, Osier and 
Similar 

Baskets and hampers 

Furniture 

Unenumerated : 

Carriages and Other Vehicles 

Railway coaches and freight cars 

Carriages and other vehicles unenumerated .... 

Lead, Tin, Zinc and Alloys 

Lead pipes 

Printers' type 

Unenumerated manufactures of lead and alloys. 

" tin and alloys. . 

" zinc and alloys. 

Copper and Alloys 

Copper wire, plain or naked and covered with 
paper, cotton, silk, rubber, etc. for all pur- 
poses, gilt or silver plated 

Christofle, plated ware and similar 

Objects of art (statues, medals, vases etc) 

Tubes and pipes 

Unenumerated 

Iron and Steel 

Fish hooks, spurs, stirrups, locks, buckles, bits, 

drawer handles and bolts, all kinds 

Steel and iron wire 

Galvanized corrugated sheets 

Cutlery 



Kilo 



2.434.805 
196.937 
4.157.299 
3.713.437 
1.372.844 



6.653 

6.653 



2.066 



59.661 



7.956:854$ 

420:737$ 

15.760:607$ 

14.126:291$ 

4.146:475$ 

5.073:784$ 

43:903$ 

43:903$ 

2 9621931$ 

599:845$ 

1.155:924$ 

4:658$ 

939:587$ 

29:484$ 

166:318$ 

67:115$ 

593:326$ 

496:210$ 
97:116$ 



631156$ 






36:887$ 
11:107$ 
15:162$ 


— 


804:633$ 


— 


571:530$ 
233:103$ 


387.141 


7221147$ 


176.441 
86.809 
12.074 
72.384 
39.433 


86:731$ 
330:712$ 

18:305$ 
218:795$ 

67:604$ 


— 


3.958:481$ 


621.729 
44.171 

102.689 


814:081$ 

533:792$ 

14 : 368$ 

139:051$ 

2.457:1895 


— 


28.353:137$ 


14.683.824 
3.209.454 


632:267$ 
3.496:248$ 

961:643$ 
1.729:32Q# 



70 



GENERAL IMPORTS -CONTINUED. 



MERCHANDISE 



UNIT 



QUANTITY 



C. I. F. VALUE 
IN BRAZIL. 



By Article 
In Mil R^is Paper 



C/ass III — Continued. 

Axles, wheels and parts thereof, for railway 
coaches and freight cars 

Axles, wheels and parts thereof, for carriages 
and other vehicles unenumerated 

Tin plates and manufactures thereof unenumer- 
ated , . . . 

Staples or nails, screws and other structural iron 
for building houses, small boats, telephone 
and telegraphic posts, bridges, fences etc. . . . 

Furniture 

Rails and parts for railways 

Tubes, pipes and fishplates 

Unenumerated 

Musical Instruments 



Kilo 



Pianos 

Unenumerated 



Surgical and Dental Instruments. 



Mathematical, Physical, Chemical and Op- 
tical Instruments and Articles I 



Optical instruments 
Unenumerated 



Wool, Mixed or Unmixed 

Braids (frogs), tassels, loops, galloons, edgings, 
fringes, trimmings, tape, lacing other braids 
and beaded embroidery 

Tapestry and carpets 

Alpacas, muslins, lisle cloth, durance, merinos, 
damasks, cashmeres, princesses, grosgrains, 
swiss checks, plain and twilled flannels etc. . . 

Caps, skull caps, hoods, etc 

Blankets 

Felts unenumerated and sarcenet 

Wearing apparel , all kinds 

Unenumerated 

Linen, Jute and Hemp 



Braids (frogs), tassels, loops, galloons, edgings 

and fringes, mixed or unmixed 

Tapestry, oilcloths and carpets 

Hessians 

Twine 

Cordage 

Sheets, quilts, towels and napkins | 

Lace, frills and insertions 

Wearing apparel 

Piece goods, unenumerated 

L'nenumerated 

Earthenware, Glass, China and Crystal... 

Bottles, demijohns, pots, flasks and goblets or 

tumblers of glass or crystal 

Insulators 



3.476.656 

382.005 

7.271.492 

7.122.506 

38.507.325 
12.777.958 



1.620:518$ 

215:714$ 

2.705:394$ 



2.442:771$ 
89:022$ 
5.947:850$ 
2.713:180$ 
5.799:210$ 

1.5331539$ 

525:789$ 
1.007:750$ 

981:850$ 



549:761$ 



— 




160:448$ 
359:313$ 


— 




9.508:927$ 


— 




155:459$ 
212:387$ 


32.696 
27.944 


7.672:458$ 

10:551$ 

105:161$ 

124:689$ 
662:788$ 
565:434$ 


— 




5.360:807$ 


6.630 

362.977 
136.421 
682.203 

693.958 


39:003$ 
112:963$ 
267:054$ 
245:123$ 
697:792$ 
268:127$ 

21:309$ 

595:843$ 

2.505:775$ 

607:818$ 


— 




6.032:990$ 


— 




1.026:345$ 

107:598$ 



71 - 



GENERAL IMPORTS— CONTINUED 



MEKCHANDISE 



I NIT 



QUANTITY 



0. 1. F. VALl'E 
IN BRAZIL. 



By Article 
In Mil lieis 1'aper 



Class III — Continued. 

Gauge and other glasses and funnels, graduated 
or not, and similar articles used in chemical 
and pharmaceutical laboratories and for elec- 
trical purposes 

Lens for spectacles and eye glasses 

Polished glass, with or without foil 

Window glass 

Unenumerated manufactures of earthenware and 
china 

Unenumerated manufactures of glass and crystal 

Machinery, Apparatus and Parts Thereof, 
Implements and Tools and Sundry 
Utensils 

Alambics, stills, boilers and such like 

Appliances and accessories for electric light in- 
stallations not enumerated elsewhere 

Photographical appliances and accessories 

Scales and other weighing machines 

Hydraulic Pumps 

Locomotives and parts thereof 

Motors and fixed engines and parts thereof 

Sewing machines and parts thereof 

Typewriting machines and parts thereof 

Agricultural machinery and for factories, and 
parts thereof 

Mills or grinders 

Presses, all kinds 

Cycles, all kinds and parts thereof 

Machinery, apparatus, implements and tools 
and sundry utensils unenumerated 

Wood 

Furniture 

Tooth picks 

Cork 

Unenumerated 

Ivory, Mother O' pearl, Tortoise Shell 
and Similar Animal Products 

Unenumerated manufactures of whalebone 

" mother o 'pearl, 

coral , and ivory 

Unenumerated manufactures of buffalo and 

other horn and of bone 

Unenumerated manufactures of animal residues 

Nickki 

I'nenumerated manufactures 

Gold, Sii.vkr and Platinum 

Gold Jewelry and other goldsmiths' manufac- 
tures with or without precious stones 

Silver Jewelry and other silversmiths' manu- 
factures 

Unenumerated manufactures of Platinum 



Kilo 



242 

1.744.066 


69:413$ 

5:722$ 
106:131$ 
520:898$ 




3.133:694$ 
1.063:189$ 


— 


21.954:733$ 


— 


807:962$ 




2.240:619$ 
302:898$ 
182:867$ 
212:638$ 

1.651:505$ 
588:154$ 

1.657:452$ 
83:061$ 


— 


4.873:854$ 

253:254$ 

37:778$ 

86:690$ 


— 


8.976:001$ 


— 


2.030:263$ 


36.230 
298.140 


792:003$ 
153:902$ 
642:472$ 
441:886$ 


— 


53 :539$ 


88 


1:285$ 


— 


67:865$ 


— 


431:522# 
30:867$ 


9.179 


56:933$ 


9.179 


56:9335 


— 


1.194:063$ 



716:598$ 

467:122$ 
10:343$ 



GENERAL IMPORTS— CONTINUED. 



MERCHANDISE 



Class III— Continued. 



UNIT 



Straw, Broom Grass, Cocoa Fibrk, Piassava 
Pita, Paina and Othkr Fibrous Ma- 
terials 

Cordage 

Mats and matting 

Brooms and brushes 

Unenumerated ! . . . 

Paper and Manufactures Thereof 

Playing cards 

Engravings, designs and photographs 

Books, newspapers, reviews, periodicals, music, 

maps and similar, bound or unbound 

Printed and lithographicalmatter,notes, invoices, 

envelopes, visiting cards and the like, all kinds 

Paper for unenumerated purposes 

Paper for writing 

Paper for printing 

Millboard and cardboard 

Unenumerated 

Stone, Earths and Similar Minerals 

Unenumerated manufactures of asbestos 

Earthenware and clay pipes and tubes 

French tiles, mosaics, bricks and common tile.. 
Unenumerated 



Kilo 



Skins and Leather 

Harness, saddles and other unenumerated 
articles of saddlery 

Bags, hand, traveling and the like, toilet and 
similar cases and trunks 

Boots and shoes 

Belting 

Gloves 

Unenumerated 

Perfumery, Dyes, Paints, etc 

Boot blacking 

Perfumer}- 

Writing ink 

Paints and varnishes, all kind 

Chemical Products, Drugs and Medicines.. . 

Acids 

Aerated and mineral waters 

Capsules, globules dragees and medicinal sweet- 
meats 

Glycerine 

Soap and soap tablets, medicinal 

Unenumerated 

Silk, Mixed and Unmixed 

Braids ( frogs), loops, tassels, lacing, galloons 
and similar 

Ribbons 

Neckties 

Lace 

Wearing apparel 

Piece goods 

Unenumerated 



QUANTITY 



171.353 



1.533.959 
7.886.618 
1.600.097 



61.066 
3.252.737 



811 



38 . 803 



C. I. P. VALUE 
IN BRAZIL. 



I5y Article 
in Mil Rds Paper 



96.892 

146.278 
81.660 

1.183.724 



13.225 
10.847 



4.070 
22.171 



453:52$ 

152:612$ 
47:961$ 
66:529$ 

186:050$ 

11.009:906$ 

39:335$ 
160:497$ 

1.805:073$ 

785:338$ 

3.015:050$ 

1.240:986$ 

2.755:787$ 

559:259$ 

648:581$ 

1.353:244$ 

97:975$ 
361:577$ 
488:702$ 
404:990$ 

2.428:855$ 

137:204$ 

117:177$ 

1.152:288$ 

490:931$ 

7:058$ 

524:197$ 

3.491:345$ 

222:664$ 

2.088:820$ 

98:939$ 

1.080:922$ 

10.430:273$ 

423:721$ 

748:447$ 

193:532$ 

20:465$ 

40:628$ 

9.003:480$ 

4.167:033$ 

205:452$ 
1.155:359$ 

105:169$ 
87:259$ 

206:180$ 
1.586:936$ 

820:678$ 



GENERAL IMPORTS— CONTINUED. 



MERCHANDISE 



UNIT 



QUANTITY 



C. I. F. VALUE 
IN BRAZIL 



By Artlcie 
In Mil Reis Paper 



Class III — Continued. 



Sundry Articles. 



Samples, all kinds 

Gymnastic appliances and articles for athletic 
and other sports 

Office and college stationery 

Articles for lighting by gas, kerosene, etc., etc. 

Walking sticks, canes and whips 

Buttons, all kinds 

Playthings or toys 

Pipes and cigar or cigarette holders 

Boxes and cases, all kinds 

Tinsel, bead work, etc., and passementerie gilt, 
etc 

Pocket books, cigar cases and purses 

Hats, all shapes and kinds 

Umbrellas and parasols, frames and other acces- 
sories for same (covers and cases excepted) . . 

Cigars, cigarettes, snuff and other manufactures 
of tobacco 

Clocks and watches and alarms 

Dynamite and other explosives 

Artificial flowers 

Fireworks 

Kerosene or petroleum and gasolene 

Fans, all kinds 

Sandpaper, all kinds 

Manufactures of rubber 

Manufactures of celluloid 

Steamers or sailing vessels, launches and other 
vessels 

Lubrifying oils, mineral, animal and vegetable.. 

Paraffine 

Matches 

Starch 

Framed pictures and looking glasses or mirrors 

Soap and saponaceous substances, unscented. .. 

Candles, wax, spermaceti, stearine, and tallow. 

Unenumerated 

CLASS IV— Food Stuffs and Fodder 



Alfalfa i lucerne) . . 
Garlic and onions. 
Rice 



Sugar 

Olive oil 

Cod fish 

Lard 

Potatoes 

Alcoholic beverages 

Unenumerated beverages 

Biscuits, sailors' and others 

Cereals and other grain unenumerated 

Barley corn 

Beer 



Tea 

Chocolate, cocoa, confectionery and sweetmeats 
Preserved meats and extracts 



Kilo 



163.874 

62.239.652 
113.180 



5.514.844 

330.939 

15.565 

952.414 

1.428.408 

572.487 



21.997.507 

7.008.991 

100.984.581 

53.727 

2.371.288 

28.186.035 

4.206.756 

23.379.876 

840.358 

60.103 

156.829 

1.709.164 

127.590 

803.409 

229.562 

81.803 

289.846 



26.163:039$ 

259:474$ 



20 
719 
834 

84 

1.044 

885 

346 

235 



301 

76 
1.029 



703$ 
778$ 
072$ 
440$ 
225$ 
913$ 
091$ 

602$ 
881$ 

545$ 



562:632$ 



184 

954 

412 

59 

125 

10.054 

207 

112 

2.072 

337 



396$ 

082$ 
204$ 
493$ 
942$ 
984$ 
209$ 
965$ 
672$ 
839$ 



219:832$ 

1.673:371$ 

206:781$ 

22:073$ 

472:757$ 

238:988$ 

547:200$ 

617:853$ 

1.240.457$ 

173.825:952$ 



1.639 

1.704 

18.509 

18 

2.907 

14.284 

5.143 

3.555 

1.042 

65 

249 

470 

43 

676 

612 

211 

610 



:023$ 
:898$ 
:270$ 
:303$ 
:869$ 
:479$ 
:853$ 
:093$ 
:349$ 
:785$ 
:384$ 
:546$ 
:993$ 
:521$ 
:257$ 
:248$ 
:810$ 



74 



GENERAL IMPORTS— CONTINUED. 



MEKCHANDISE 



UNIT 



QUANTITY 



C. I. F VALUE 
IN BRAZIL. 



By Article 
in Mil Rets Paper 



C/ass IV — Continued. 

Preserved fruits and vegetables 

Preserved fish 

Spices 

Bran 

Wheat flour 

Flours and meal unenumerated } . . 

Beans, all kinds 

Fodder, unenumerated 

Fruits and vegetables, dry 

Fruits and vegetables, fresh, and nuts, chestnuts 

and filberts 

Condensed milk 

Liqueurs and syrups 

Butter 

Macaroni and similar pastes 

Maize 

Eggs 

Hams 

Cheese 

Common salt 

Bacon 

Wheat 

Vinegar 

Champaign and other sparkling wines 

Wines, unenumerated 

Vermouth, bitters and similar wines 

Jerked beef xarque) 

Unenumerated 

CLASS IV— Specie and Foreign Bank Notes 

£ sterling 

Liras 

Reis 

Argentine dollars 

Francs 

Uruguayan dollars 

Pesetas 

Soes (Bolivia) 

Marks 

U. S. Dollars 



Kilo 



874.956 

2.123.433 

1.039.390 

1.321.491 

105.590.991 

522.717 

6.011.530 

32.576 

1.141.822 

5.626.806 

1.284.148 

92.101 

2.844.430 

183.418 

4.483.704 

1.876 

295.454 

1 . 389 . 190 

37.323.099 

769.266 

149.718.556 

293.779 

78.345 

56.447.588 

48.532.110 



939.769 

393.000 

57.807 

50.400 

227.600 

5.550 

17.875 

530 

1.000 

112 



882:961$ 

1.877:563$ 

1.164:180$ 

147:389$ 

24.064:329$ 

294:969$ 

1.671:190$ 

5:488$ 

912:480$ 



2.725 

1.132 

200 

6.912 

91 

526 

3 

656 

2.431 

1.255 

1.031 

20.194 

104 

333 

26.888 

924 

25.393 

251 



059$ 
708$ 



374$ 
772$ 
730$ 
330$ 
865$ 
253$ 
706$ 
900$ 
838$ 
501$ 
105$ 
282$ 
799$ 
896$ 
629$ 



9.848:825$ 



18.915 

312 

201 

197 

183 

23 

10 

1 



567$ 
949$ 
838$ 
770$ 
707$ 
938$ 
531$ 
070$ 
990$ 
465$ 



SUMMARY BY CLASSES 



O. I. F. VALUE IN B:;A/IL 



Total in Mil Reis 
Paper 



lotalinMilReis 
uoM (27 D.) 



Pec^ntage on 
the Value Total 



Class I— Animals, Living and Stuffed 5.096:677$ 

Class II — Materials, Raw or Prepared for 

use in Arts and Industries 89.192:565$ 

Class III— Manufactures 202.998:926$ 

Class IV— Food Stuffs and Fodder 173 . 825 :952$ 

Total of Merchandise 471.114:120$ 

Class V— Specie and Foreign Bank Notes. 19.848:825$ 

Grand Total 490.962:945$ 



2.239:584$ 

39.168:872$ 
89.185:639$ 
76.334:065$ 


1,08 

18,93 
43,10 
36,89 


206 928:16 $ 


100,00 


8.766:234$ 
215.694:394$ 





75- 



BRAZIL 

EXPORTS OF NATIONAL AND NATIONALIZED 

PRODUCTS. 

J902. 



MERCHANDISE 



CLASS I— Animals and Their Products 



1 Animals, preserved for collections. 

2 Animals, living 

3 Scrap leather 

4 Manufactures of feathers 

5 Whale oil 

6 Leather trunks 

7 Lard 

8 Imitation whalebone 

9 Fish bladders 

10 Boots and shoes 

11 Dried shrimps 

12 Cinnamon 

13 Pack saddles (cangalhas) 

14 Preserved meat 

15 Tortoise shells 

16 Wax 

17 Horns = 

18 Slippers 

19 Bone ash , 

20 Shells 

21 Hides, tanned 

22 '•' salt 

23 ' ' dry 

24 Horse or cow hair and bristles . . . 

25 Extracts of meat 

26 Live stock, Horses 

27 " " Asses and mules 

28 " (i Cattle 

29 Hoofs 

30 Glycerine 

31 Grease 

32 Fish glue 

33 Guano 

34 Wool 

35 Tongues 

36 Butter 

37 Honey 

38 Ears 

39 Bones 

40 Oysters 

41 Fish, dried and preserved 

42 Over saddle cloths {pellegos) .... 

43 Skins, goat 

44 ' ' sheep 

45 " lamb 

46 " deer 

47 ' - other 

is Feathers, emu 

49 heron 

50 " other 

51 I lorn tips 

52 Cheese 

53 Stearine residues 

5 1 Scrap sole leather 

55 Soap 



UNIT 


QUANTITY 


F. O. B. VALUE 








By Article 






In Mil Reis Paper 




— 


35.929:918$ 


Kilo 


171 


840$ 


1 ' 


45 


220$ 




4.025 


104$ 


" 


1.174.564 


246:811$ 




1.620 


5:687$ 




13.340 


16:623$ 


" 


4.261 


7:006$ 


1 1 


22.069 


48:012$ 


' ' 


150 


1:263$ 


' ' 


3.528 


2:418$ 


' ' 


250.630 


15:446$ 


' ' 


1.745 


2:265$ 


" 


7.122 


3:535$ 


1 < 


485 


5:972$ 


i i 


149.196 


323:686$ 


' ' 


1.162.375 


515:527$ 


' ' 


236 


1:424$ 


' ' 


4.367.370 


183:430$ 


<< 


260 


3:050$ 


' ' 


20.354.100 


14.296:229$ 


' ' 


6.501.890 


8.259:863$ 




482.462 


732:001$ 


' ' 


260.878 


1.180:383$ 


Head 


2 


500$ 


1 ' 


113 


37:600$ 


1 ' 


821 


22:585$ 


Kilo 


536.973 


36:388$ 


" 


247.009 


162:955$ 


1 ' 


191 


88$ 


' ' 


57.003 


207:098$ 


<< 


972.039 


810:220$ 


11 


25.289 


45:246$ 


" 


988 


1:970$ 


4 ' 


18.958 


9:110$ 


<< 


463.457 


22:055$ 




110.979 


22:256$ 


" 


6.510 


9:909$ 


*• 


3.017 


4:494$ 


1 ' 


1.483.813 


7.387:422$ 




279.020 


622:516$ 


" 


15.368 


29:258$ 


" 


154.192 


322:666$ 




3. 822 


10:920$ 


Grain . 


3.658.500 


38:658$ 


' ' 


110.635 


114:689$ 


1 ■ 


399.000 


4:890$ 


Kilo 


560 


240$ 




2 . 376 


5 : 720$ 




51.914 


14:010$ 




18.000 


1:030$ 


1 * 


14.845 


7:617$ 



-76 



EXPORTS OF NATIONAL AND NATIONALIZED PRODUCTS— CONTINUED. 



MERCHANDISE 



Class I — Continued. 



56 Horn piths 

57 Tallow 

58 Saddles 

59 Sole leather 

60 Piths 

61 Undressed leather {vagttetas) 

62 Candles 

63 Jerked beef {xarque) 



CLASS II— Minerals and their Products 



Mineral waters 

Monasite sands 

Iron buckets or pails 



UNIT 



Kilo 



Half 
Kilo 



Kilo 



dust 



Shot 

Goldsmiths' 

Crystal 

Hardware 

Fireworks (rockets; 

10 Jewels 

11 Manganese 

12 Earthenware 

13 Manufactures of iron 

14 Manufactures of sheet tin 



15 Manufactures of glass 

16 Manufactures of marble. . . . 

17 Scrap metal, steel and iron 

18 " " lead and zinc. 

19 ,; " other 

20 Mica 

21 Lead ore 

22 Copper ore 

23 Iron ore 

24 Minerals unenumerated. . . . 

25 Gold, bar 

26 " scrap 

27 Stones, agate 

28 " carbons 

29 " diamonds 

30 ' ' common 

other precious 



32 Matches, 

33 Platinum 

34 Powder 

35 Scrap silver 

36 Gold and silver manufactures 

37 Wire nails 

38 Arsenic residues 

39 Salt 

40 Talc 

41 Tiles, earthenware 

42 Alluvial gold-sands 

43 (tijelinhas) 

44 Bricks 

45 (trempes de ferro; 

CLASS III — Vegetables and their products 

1 Staves and hoops for barrels and hogsheads 

2 Rum (aguardente) 

3 Ox goads 



Ton. 
Kilo 



Gram. 

Kilo 
Gram. 

Kilo 

Gram. 

Kilo 



Gram. 
Kilo 





F. O.B. VAIJ'K 


QUANTITY 






By Article 




In Mil Kvis Paper 


199 . 100 


7:692$ 


576 


508$ 


20 


120$ 


3.148 


26:051$ 


53.674 


9:574$ 


4.191 


23:344$ 


872 


2:587$ 


63 . 796 


56:137$ 


— 


17.331:858$ 


1.610 


967$ 


1.205.080 


1.110:416$ 


1.159 


2:860$ 


240 


560$ 


4.794 


3:693$ 


10.576 


16:437$ 


35.460 


54:579$ 


1.010 


1:054$ 


49 


263$ 


— 


13:798$ 


157.295 


4.465:328$ 


2.166 


1:845$ 


10 


50$ 


1.174 


2:696$ 


1.476 


800$ 


3.822.287 


185:692$ 


63.216 


26:776$ 


277.452 


276:238$ 


10.707 


17:642$ 


234.369 


14:460$ 


760 


60$ 


1.836 


140$ 


3.989.682 


8.754 


342$ 


11.873 


25 


168$ 


81.094 


8 


288$ 


2.428 


832 


615$ 


13.737 


1.333 


128$ 


44.027 


4 


926$ 


2.662.825 


72 


859$ 


3.863 


10 


683$ 


2.072 


10:992$ 


378.900 


21:827$ 


12.800 


10:468$ 


1.114 


1 


171$ 



13.770 



1:885$ 



, ( 


1.000 

32.639 

42.000 

421 


3:200$ 

41:975? 

1:330$ 

647* 


— 


— 


682.678:349$ 


Kilo 
Litre 
Kilo 


411.640 

147.207 


74:060$ 
50:2075 



-77- 



EXPORTS OF NATIONAL AND NATIONALIZED PRODUCTS -CONTINUED. 



MERCHANDISE 



UNIT 



QUANTITY 



F. O. B. VALUE 



By Article 
In Mil Keis Paper 



Class III— Continued. 

4 Alcohol 

5 Raw cotton 

6 Pea or monkey nuts 

7 Araroba 

8 Rice 

9 Sugar, white 

10 " crystal 

11 ' ' dernerara 

12 ' ' brown ( mascavo ) 

13 Oil 

14 Castor seed or beans 

15 Trunks (marupa wood ) 

16 Barba timao (medicinal herb) 

17 Vanilla 

18 Unenumerated beverages 

19 Biscuits, sailors' and others 

20 Caps 

21 Rubber, mangabeira 

22 ' ' manicoba 

23 ' ' seringa 

24 Broom handles 

25 Cocoa 

26 Coffee, in the bean 

27 ' ' ground 

28 Wooden boxes or cases 

29 Hemp 

30 Cotton seed 

31 Brazil nuts 

32 Carnauba wax 

33 Beer 

34 Hats 

35 Cigars 

36 Cigarettes 

37 Confetti 

38 Wreaths 

39 Cloves 

40 Cumaru pepper 

41 Jams or jellies, guava 

42 " " other 

43 Sleepers 

44 Axles for small carts 

45 Mats and matting 

46 Waste 

47 Mango syrup 

is Bran 

49 Ulour, manioc or cassiava flour 

50 ' ' maize 

51 " other 

52 Beans 

53 Feijoada 

54 Vegetable fibres 

55 .Mango leaves 

56 Leaves, rosins and roots, medicinal 

57 Fruit, Alligator pears {abacates) . . . 

58 Pine apples 

59 ' ' Bananas 

60 Coconuts 

61 Palm nuts {coquilhos) 

62 ' ' Oranges 

63 " Mangoes 



Litre 


18.253 


5:226$ 


Kilo 


32.137.678 


24.336:417$ 


<< 


5.640 


9:745$ 


' ' 


2.670 


972$ 


' ' 


565.216 


190:880$ 




3.000 


870$ 


' ' 


3.256.100 


466:283$ 


' ' 


132.932.943 


18.345:503$ 


' ' 


80 


100$ 


( ( 


2.387.726 


302:797$ 


i i 


100 


30$ 


' ' 


7 


66$ 


' ' 


180 


210$ 




21.078 


18:955$ 


<< 


350.194 


925:446$ 


' ' 


807.388 


2.685:934$ 


' ' 


27.474.278 


144.107:366$ 


<< 


20.642.412 


20.691:613$ 


Bag. 


13.157.383 


409.840:526$ 


Kilo 


5.175 


4:966$ 


" 


3.500 


850$ 


" 


3.421 


3:350$ 


" 


30.386.671 


1.867:690$ 


Hectol 


148.301 


3.271:288$ 


Kilo 


1.547.171 


1.698:875$ 


Bottle 


18.240 


20:210$ 


Kilo 


634 


3:704$ 


No. 


1.193.089 


201:790$ 


Kilo 


4.359 


34:646$ 


<< 


1.430 


2:875$ 


" 


48.450 


100:228$ 


" 


33.635 


46:327$ 


" 


10.910 


13:430$ 


No. 


4.354 


27:829$ 


Kilo 


76.600 


5:312$ 


" 


180 


156$ 


" 


7.264 


3:970$ 


" 


3.000 


1:800$ 


" 


18.498.353 


1.713:441$ 


" 


6.214.009 


722:607$ 


" 


50 


35$ 


< < 


3.572 


1:902$ 


" 


11.043 


3:168$ 


" 


1.121 


1:720$ 


<< 


65 


40$ 


" 


632.276 


587:890$ 


'< 


2.232 


663$ 


" 


120. SI 2 


90:153$ 


Bunch 


994.919 


392:508$ 


Ilnnd'd 


2 . 755 


32:427$ 


Kilo 


49.463 


6:2105 


Ilund'd 


S.426 


33:224$ 


Kilo 


— 


— 



-78 



EXPORTS OF NATIONAL AND NATIONALIZED PRODUCTS— CONTINUED. 



MERCHANDISE 



UNIT 



Class III — Continued. 

64 Fruit, Tangerine oranges 

65 ' ' all other '. 

66 Tobacco, cut 

67 ' ' twist or cord 

68 " leaf 

69 Copal gum 

70 Matte . . .,. 

71 Ipecacuanha 

72 Rafts ( jangada i 

73 Vegetable wool {la de barrigiida) 

74 Fresh vegetables I 

75 Firewood 

76 Liqueur, peach 

77 Timber, acapu 

78 ' ' brej auba 

79 ' ' cedar 

80 " Gongalo Alves 

81 ' ' jacaranda (rose wood) 

82 ' ' massaranduba 

83 ' ' brazil wood 

84 " pine.. 

85 " pine 

86 " other 

87 Manufactures of cotton 

88 Pastes (macaroni and similar ; 

89 Medicines (patent) 

90 Molasses or treacle 

91 Pichois 

92 Maize : 

93 Manufactures of wool 

94 Cottonseed oil 

95 Copahyba oil 

96 L T nenumerated vegetable oils 

97 Vegetable silk 

98 Corn leaf for cigarettes 

99 Carnahuba straw 

100 Piassava 

101 Peppers, all kinds 

102 Live plants 

103 Rice powder 

104 Starch 

105 Fence posts 

106 Cake sugar {rapadura) 

107 Snuff 

108 Oars 

109 Hammocks and fishing nets 

110 Cottonseed residues 

111 Wearing apparel 

112 Old postage stamps (obliterated,) 

113 Seeds 

114 Tobacco dust 

115 Tapioca 

116 Fishing nets (tarrafas) 

117 Cotton piece goods 

118 Ticum fibre 

119 Writing ink 

120 Brooms 

121 (Vigas falquejados) 

122 Vinegar 

123 Wines 



Kilo 



Planks 

Boards 

Kilo 



Kilo 



No. 
Kilo 



QUANTITY 



4.000 

3.947 

6.291 

641.325 

44.552.715 

25.845 

41.928.586 

22.639 

1.600 

567 

1.000 

92.600 

82.853 

7.000 

2.129.911 

195.581 

270.391 

64.057 

9.974 

189.631 

40 

7.156 

97.120 

6.100 

3.075.910 

1.100 

50 

66.001 

720 



1.180 

1.889.724 

50 



92.227 

303 

10.399 

30 

330 
91.432 



22.637 
200 



262 



198 

82 

2.821 

12.208 

1.337 

87 

214 

150 

595 



F. O. B. VALUE 



By Article 
In MilBeis Paper 



43 

479 

23.835 

27 

21.930 

517 



700$ 
570$ 
980$ 
203$ 
187$ 
896$ 
470$ 
467$ 
600$ 
346$ 
850$ 
440$ 



17:281$ 



882$ 

697$ 
786$ 
738$ 

722$ 
819$ 
947$ 
511$ 

831$ 
969$ 

283$ 

531$ 
255$ 



567 
12 
19 
39 
10 
36 



35 

8 

8 

313 

15 



174:348$ 
612$ 



990$ 

1.169:538$ 

86$ 

105:168$ 

19:904$ 

172$ 

46:488$ 

60$ 

3:596$ 

29:160$ 



20:791$ 

250$ 

59:286$ 

450$ 

17:545$ 

55:754$ 

1:422$ 

173$ 

6:960$ 

132$ 

975$ 



79 




BRAZILIAN PAVILION-SOUTHWEST VIE 



W 




COLONEL F. M. de SOUZA AGUIAR 
President of Commission 




INTERIOR VIEWS OF THE BRAZILIAN BUILDING 



i staircase. 2— Ladies' Reception Room. 

3— Central statue in Reception Hall. 
4-5— Reception Hall. 




B 



MAJOR J. DA CUNHA PIRES 
Secretary of Commission 



RAZIL made an appropriation of $600,000 for her 
representation at the Louisiana Purchase Expo- 
sition, where there is not only a National 
Building, but also comprehensive and classified exhibits in 
J 2 of the 15 Departments. 

The Brazilian Building is located in the southwestern 
part of the section occupied by Foreign Governments, having 
on its north the Belgian, Cuban and Chinese Buildings; on 
the east that of Nicaragua ; on the south those of France and 
India, and on the west the Forestry, Fish and Game, Italian 
and Administration Buildings. 

In the centre of the grounds, surrounded by lawns with 
flower-beds and wide gravel walks, stands the Brazilian 
Building in the French renaissance style of architecture, the 
body of which is rectangular in form, with two circular 
loggias at either end. The main cornice, 80 feet high, is sup- 
ported by eight groups of three columns each at the corners and sides of the two entrances of the 
building, and by six single columns at each loggia. These thirty-six columns are of the Corinthian 
style of architecture, without the fluting ordinarily used with this particular column, and are orna- 
mented only at the lower third of the shaft with the Brazilian coat-of-arms between floral festoons. 

Projecting above the roof of the building are three domes, two of which, on either loggia, are 
spherical in form, being 44 feet in diameter, while the ap2x of the central dome attains a height of 
135 feet from the ground. 

This dome is octagonal in shape, having at each corner an exterior buttress, adorned with a 
large statue of an angel at its top. 

Encircling this large dome is a gallery from which can be viewed the greater part of the Exposi- 
sition Grounds and the surrounding country. 

Above the cornice of the building is a balustrade, decorated with shields, showing the coats-of- 
arms of the twenty-one States of Brazil. 

The main floor is reached by means of a flight of nineteen granitoid steps, on either the north or 
south side of the building, which lead through two spacious porticos. This floor forms one large room 
only, the ceiling of which is divided into rectangular panels, supported by thirty-two Doric columns. 
The loggias can be approached from this level and one can reach the second floor by a majestic double 
stair-case, where there is a spacious Reception room, two apartments for ladies, and the offices of the 
Commission. 

In the centre of the Reception room is a marble statue representing ** The Feast, " mounted on a 
large pedestal, which is encircled by an upholstered settee. Above this statue the large central dome 
opens, supported by eight columns, which form an interior gallery. 

The Commissioner-General, Colonel F. M. de Souza Aguiar, designed and psrsonally supzrvised 
the construction of the Brazilian Government Building. 

At the official inauguration, on the evening of May 24th, it was unanimously agreed by the 
1,500 guests that President Francis' telegram to the President of Brazil was a true reflex of the opin- 
ion of the gathering. 

The telegram was as follows : 

St. Louis, Missouri, May 25th, 1904. 
His Excellency the President of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro : 

Brazil's Pavilion was opened last evening and made the occasion of one of the most brilliant social 
functions ever held in St. Louis. The structure is beautiful in design and perfect in detail and 
admired by all. 

Congratulate Brazil on efficiency of Commissioner-General Aguiar and associates. Exposition 
highly appreciates Brazil's participation. D. R. FRANCIS. 



83- 




INTKRIOR VIEWS OF BRAZILIAN PAVILION 




"mil 



BRAZILIAN SECTION. 

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 

GROUPS J to 8 



THE exhibit of Brazil in this department consists principally of -work done by pupils of the 
schools of different grades, some of which are maintained by the State or Municipal Gov- 
ernments; others by private parties or by the Federal Government. A few photographs, 
plans of buildings, and some publications and school furniture are also shown. The Polytechnic, 
Mining, Medical, Fine Arts, Conservatory of Music, Law, Naval and Military Schools, and Schools for 
the Blind and Deaf Mutes and Orphans at Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes, Bahia, Recife, S. Paulo and 
Rio Grande do Sul are maintained by the Federal Government. Each state has its own system of 
elementary, secondary and higher education, Agricultural, 
Commercial and Manual Training Schools, etc. Besides these 
there are many municipal and private schools where elemen- 
tary, secondary and technical educaticn is given. 

All of the technical schools are well equipped with libraries, 
laboratories furniture, appliances of different kinds, tools, ma- 
chinery, specimens, maps, models, and the highest standard of 
scientific and technical education is maintained. Public libraries 
and museums, which are free to all classes in the larger cities, 
contribute greatly to their education. 

Besides the Scientific and Technical Schools, above men- 
tioned, maintained by the Federal Government, there are others 
supported by the State Governments of Pernambuco, Bahia, 
Minas Geraes, S. Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. Also a few 
private ones which confer degrees recognized by the Govern- 
ment, which makes appropriations for their maintenance. 

Brazil having decided to take part in this Exposition at the 

MR. J. B. da MOTTA, 
Commissioner in charge of Department 




of Kchieation 



85 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION— CONTINUED. 

last moment, there was not sufficient time to prepare an exhibit that would give a satisfactory idea 
of the development of public and private education in the elementary, training, technical and scientific 
branches of this important department. The educational work of Defectives and of the Indians 
would have formed a specially interesting exhibit. Among the exhibitors in this section the following 
may be mentioned : 

Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Medical School of Rio de Janeiro, The Hospital of Mercy Asso- 
ciation of Rio de Janeiro, The Salesian Fathers of Matto Grosso, The D* Bosco School of Minas 
Geraes and the Mining School of Ouro Preto, The State Governmznt of Amazonas, Para, Bahia, 
S, Paulo and Parana, The Medical School of Bahia, The Polytechnic School of S* Paulo, The School 
of Pharmacy of S, Paulo, The Santissimo Cora^ao de Jesus School of Bahia, The Orphan Asylum of 
Bahia, The Sagrado Coracao Lyceum of S. Paulo, The Luz Stearica Co, School and The Senador 
Correa School of Rio ds Janeiro, The Sagrado Coracao de Jesus Indian School of Matto Grosso, The 
Joinville Commission of Santa Catharina, The Gymnasium N« S* da Conceigao of Rio Grande do Sul 
and a few others. The exhibits include text-books, maps and school appliances and furniture. 



GROUP J. 

Elementary Education. 
Casa de S. Jose, Federal Capital. 

Photographs. 
Drawings by Pupils. 
This is a school for destitute children, 
maintained by the Municipality of Rio 
de Janeiro. Elementary and manual edu- 
cation is given. 

Collegio Maria Auxiliadora, Matto Grosso. 
Samples of Art Work by Pupils. 
A school for girls conducted by the 
Sisters of Mercy, where elementary and 
secondary instruction is given and domes- 
tic work taught. 

Escola Normal, Federal Capital. 

Drawings by Pupils. 
School maintained by the Municipal- 
ity of Rio de Janeiro for the education 
and training of teachers. 

Escola Normal, S. Paulo. 

Drawings by Pupils. 
School for the education and training 
of teachers, kept up by the State Gov- 
ernment. 

Escolas Modelo, "Benjamin Constant" 

and "Rua da Harmonia," 

Federal Capital. 
Photographs. 
Maps by Pupils. 
In these schools a five-year course of 
training for normal school pupils is re- 
quired by the Municipality of Rio de Jan- 
eiro. 



Escolas Modelo, "Maria Jose" and "Pru- 
dente de Moraes, S. Paulo. 

The State Government maintains sev- 
eral of these schools for the training of 
pupils of the Normal Schools — the course 
covering a period of five years. In locali- 
ties, where there are five or more pre- 
liminary schools, these constitute a group 
in which the same course is pursued as 
in the Model Schools. 

Escolas Municipaes, Bahia. 

Manual Work by Pupils. 
Elementary and secondary education is 
given by the Municipality of the Capital 
of Bahia in these schools. 

Escola Senador Correa, Federal Capita!. 
Photographs. 

This is one of the schools maintained 
by the Philanthropic Association for the 
Promotion of Instruction, in which ele- 
mentary instruction is given to children 
during the day and to adults in the even- 
ing. 

Institutos Profissionaes Masculinos and 
Femininos, Federal Capital. 

Work by Pupils. 
These are Manual Training Schools for 
poor boys and girls. Bookbinding, shoe- 
making, carpentry, cabinet work and 
other trades are taught at the expense 
of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. 

Prefeitura, Federal Capita!. 

Samples of Work by Pupils op 

the Elementary Public Schools of 

THE All NICIPALITY OF Rl() DE JANEIRO. 

Pedro J. de Carvalho. Minas Geraes. 

Photograph of Elementary School 
Building at Mar d'Hespanha. 



86 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION— CONTINUED. 



Secretaria do Interior, S. Paulo. 

Photographs. 

Samples of Work by Pupils of 
Public Schools Maintained by the 
State Government. 

Secretaria da Agricultura, Bahia. 

Photographs of Buildings. 
The State of Bahia maintains a very 
complete system of public instruction. 
In addition to a large number of public 
and private elementary and secondary 
schools, the Municipalities of the interior 
of the State keep up also a great many 
smaller elementary schools. 

GROUP 2. 
Secondary Education. 

Benjamin Constant Instituto, 

Amazonas. 
Photographs of Buildings. 
Samples of Work by Pupils. 

Commissao do Estado, Amazonas. 

Photographs of Public School 
Buildings. 
Besides the Public Schools and the In- 
stitutes above mentioned, the State of 
Amazonas maintains a Gymnasium, Nor- 
mal School, Orphans' School, Fine Arts 
School, Model Schools in different parts 
of the State, all in new buildings, some of 
which are magnificent. There are also 
quite a number of private schools *n the 
State. 

Collegio Salesiaro de Cuyaba, 

Matto Grosso. 
Photographs of School Building 
and Shops. 

Views of Meteorological Observ- 
atory. 

Photographs of School at Cor- 
umba. 

Regulations and Rules of the 
Schools. 
The Salesian Fathers have two very 
finely equipped schools in this State, in 
which a high grade of education (ele- 
mentary, secondary, professional and 
training) is given to children of all 
classes, preparing them for the higher 
scientific schools, etc. Special courses in 
Commerce, Fine Arts, Meteorology and 
Agriculture, Trades, etc., are also given. 

Commissao do Estado, Matto Grosso. 

Photographs of Public School 
Buildings. 

Riles and Regulations of Public 
Instruction. 
The State of Matto Grosso keeps up a 
large number of Elementary and Second- 
ary Schools and one High School, which 
prepares teachers for the Public Schools 
and students for the Technical and Scien- 
tific Schools. 



Januario da Silva Rondon, 

Matto Grosso. 
Plan of Building of Lyceo Cuya- 
bano. 

This Lyceum is one of the highest 
graded schools in the State. 

Escolas Dom Bosco, Minas Geraes. 

Photographs of School Buildings. 
This school is kept up by Catholic 
Fathers. In it Elementary, Secondary 
and Higher Instruction and Manual 
Training are given to boys. 

Instituto Lauro Sodre, Para. 

Photographs of Buildings and 
Work of Pupils. 
A very efficient school where Element- 
ary and Secondary Instruction and Prac- 
tical Education are given by the State 
to destitute boys, and where they are 
also taught different trades and arts. 

Secretaria do Interior, S. Paulo. 

Photographs of Public School 
Buildings. 

Secretaria da Agricultura, Bahia. 

Photographs of School Buildings. 

Orphas, Asylo de, Bahia. 

Samples of Work by Orphan 
Girls. 

Santissimo Coracao de Jesus, Collegio, 

Bahia. 
Samples of Work by Pupils. 

Sagrado Coracao, Lyceo do, S. Paulo. 

Work of Pupils. 
In this school, maintained by the Sale- 
sian Fathers, Elementary and Secondary 
Instruction is given to poor boys. There 
they also receive a practical training in 
the various trades. Some fine samples 
of furniture and cabinet work are exhib- 
ited. 

Prefeitura, Federal Capital. 

Photographs of School Buildings. 

Badariotto, Padre Nicolao, Minas Geraes 

Photographs, of "Collegio Sao 
Luiz" and Work of Pupils. 
Escola de Medicina, Bahia. 

Photographs. 

Escola de Medicina, Federal Capital. 

These schools, in which Medicine and 
Pharmacy are taught, are maintained by 
the Federal Government, many noted 
men, well-known in Europe, having grad- 
uated from them. 

Escola de Pharmacia, S. Paulo. 

Preparations made by pupils. 
This school is maintained by the State 
Government. 



-87- 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION— CONTINUED. 



Escola Polytechnica. S. Paulo. 

Models and Appliances made by 
pupils. 
Maintained by the State Government. 



GROUP 6. 

Special Education in Commerce and Industry. 

Casa dos Expostos, Federal Capital. 

Work by foundlings (girls). 
Trades are taught to girl foundlings in 
this asylum, which is supported by the 
Hospital of Mercy Association of Rio de 
Janeiro. 

Collegio do Santissimo Coracao de Jesus, 

Bahia. 
Needle-work by pupils. 

Escolas Modelo "Benjamin Constant and 
Rua da Harmonia," Federal Capital. 
Needle-work by pupils. 
These schools are kept up by the Mu- 
nicipality of Rio de Janeiro. 

Escolas Modelo do "Carmo," "Maria 
Jose" and "Prudente de Moraes." 

S. Paulo. 
Needle-work by pupils. 
These schools are maintained by the 
State Government. 

Escola Normal, Federal Capital. 

Needle-work by pupils and Sten- 
ographic work. 
Belongs to the Municipality of Rio de 
Janeiro. 

Escola Normal, S. Paulo. 

Needle-work by pupils. 
Belongs to the State Government. 

2a, 5a, 8a and 12a Escolas Publicas do 
2o, 5o and 6o Districtos, 

Federal Capital. 
Needle-work by pupils. 
These are Public Schools maintained 
by the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. 

Escola da Comp. Luz Stearica. 

Federal Capital. 

Needle-work by pupils. 

This is a school kept up by the Luz 

Stearica Co. for the education of the 

children of the working men and women 

employed in their factory. 

Escolas Municipaes de Sta. Antonio, Pilar, 
Penha, S. Pedro and S. Thome, 

Bahia. 
Needle-wore bt pupils. 
Instituto Lauro Sodre. Para. 

WOHK BY PUPILS OF THE TRADES 
SCHOOl . 



Instituto Profissional Feminino, 

Federal Capital. 
Needle-work by pupils. 

Orphans da Sta. Casa e do Asylo de S. 

Cornelio, Federal Capital. 

Embroidery and needle-work by 

pupils. 

These asylums are kept up by the 

Hospital of Mercy Association of Rio de 

Janeiro. 

This Charitable Association owns sev- 
eral magnificent hospitals and asylums 
where assistance, treatment and educa- 
tion are given to the poor, poor children 
and foundlings. 

Padre Balzala, Director da Colonia "Sa- 
grado Coracao de Jesus," 

Matto Grosso. 
Samples of needle-work by Indian 
children from 7 to 11 years of age. 
This Indian Colony is supported by 
Catholic Missionary Fathers, who main- 
tain schools and shops where the grown 
up Indians of the "Bororos Coroados" 
tribe and their children are educated. 



Professora Amelia C. Brochado, 



Needle-work by her pupils. 



Bahia. 



GROUP 8, 

Special Forms of Education, Text Books, School 

Furniture and School Appliances, 

Artes e Officios, Lyceo, Amazonas. 

School furniture used in the 
State Schools. 



Freitas, A. de Paula 

Text books. 



Federal Capital. 



Associacao Promotora da Instruccao, 

Federal Capital. 
School books. 
This is an Association that maintains 
several day and evening schools for chil- 
dren and adults of the working classes. 



Brito, Paulino de, 
School books. 



Amazonas. 



Commissao de Joinville, 

Sta. Catharina. 
School furniture used in the 
Public Schools of the State. 

Commissao de Curityba, Parana. 

Furniture used ix the State 
Schools. 

Prefeitura Municipal. Federal Capital. 
School appliances used in the 

Modi i S( imxh.s. 



88 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- CONTINUED 



Governo do Estado, S, Paulo. 

School appliances used in the 
Model Schools. 

Escola Normal, Federal Capital. 

School appliances and text book>. 

Escola Normal, S. Paulo. 

School Appliances. 

Escola Polytechnica, S. Paulo. 

School appliances. 

Espinola, Siqueira & Co., S. Paulo. 

School books. 

Escola de Pharmacia, S. Paulo. 

School appliances and text books. 

Escola de Medicina, Bahia. 

Publications, books, maps and 
photogkaphs. 



Escola de Medicina, 
Photographs. 



Federal Capital. 



Gymnasio N. S. da Conceicao, 

Rio Grande do Sul 
School books and photographs. 



Gymnasio, 

School appliances. 



S. Paulo. 



Instituto Lauro Sodre, Para 

School Appliances and Books. 

Joao Mayer Junior and Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
School books and maps. 



Livraria Teixeira, 

School books. 



S. Paulo. 



Lyceo do Sagrado Coracao, S. Paulo. 

School appliances and geograph- 
ical maps. 



Luiz da Silva, 

School books. 

Lepper, Fernando, 

School furniture. 

Miguel Mellilo, 

School books. 

Medeiros and Co., 

School books. 

Sampaio, Dr. Theodoro, 
School books. 



Secretaria da Agricultura, 

Books and legislation. 



S. Paulo. 



Sta. Catharina. 



S. Paulo. 



S. Paulo. 



S. Paulo. 



Bahia. 



Secretaria do Interior, 

School Furniture 

Rottermund, W., 

School books. 

Governo do Estado, 
Publications. 

Tito H. Silva, 

School books. 



S. Paulo. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Amazonas. 

Parahyba. 



Typographia Brazil de Carlos Gerke, 

S. Paulo. 
School books. 

Typographia dc Diario Official, 

S. Paulo. 

School books and appliances. 




89 



'*■-•■'■. K-; ' 




DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS 

GROUPS 9 to H 

OWING to the late decision of the Brazilian Government to participate in the Exposition, a 
few works of art only are exhibited, from which a slight idea of the advancement of art 
in that country can be formed* These consist of paintings, mostly, and both in landscape 
and figure they portray the life and atmosphere of the country. 

Many of those who visited the Chicago Exposition will still remember the excellent exhibit Bra- 
zil had at the Columbian "World's Fair in all branches of the Fine Arts, but owing to the short time 
for collecting and packing, necessary for the long voyage, many 
of the best artists and collectors of works of art are not at all 
represented at St. Louis. 

Among those represented are Aurelio de Figueiredo, B. 
Calixto, P. "Weir.gartner, Modesto Broccs, Honorio Esteves, A. 
Delpino, Raphael Frederico, Insley Pacheco, Eliseu Visconti, 
Girardet and others of equal note, who contributed oil paintings, 
water-colors, etchings, applied art, etc. 

Unfortunately none of the magnificent "Works of Art in 
Sculpture which Brazil possesses could be sent. 

The art interests in Brazil are fostered by a school of Fine 
Arts, belonging to the Federal Government, which offers 
scholarships, sending the best students of each course to European 
Art Centres to study, many of them having obtained prizes at 
the Paris "Salon" and other Art Exhibitions. In this school all 
kinds of painting, etching, sculpture, architecture, engraving, 




MR. J. A. dos SANTOS 

Commissioner in charge of Department 

of Fine Arts 



90 



DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS 



etc., are taught. Other Art and Trade Schools exist in the country both private and maintained by 
the State Governments. 

Among the artists, who for mere lack of time could not contribute to Brazil's exhibit at the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the following may be mentioned, many of them having obtained 
several prizes at different Expositions: 

SCULPTURE— R. Bernardelli, Nicolina de Assis, B. Berna, Correia Lima, Martinelli. 

OIL PAINTINGS, ETC. -Pedro Americo, R. Amoedo, Decio Villares, Irmaos Bernardelli, A. 
Parreiras, B. da Costa, E. Driendl, A. Malevolti, Madruga, Pedro Alexandrino, E. Sa, L. Berna, 
Calogeras and Belmiro. Victor Meirelles, Almeida Junior, Facchinetti and some others, deceased, were 
artists of much distinction. 

In architectural productions, Morales de Los Rios, Schreinzr, Bahiana, Bandeira, C. de Souza have 
contributed. 

In etchings and engravings, A. Bravard, L. Heck, Alfredo Pinheiro, Monteiro Coimbra, etc. 
There are exhibited in the Brazilian section 184 articles distributed among 6 groups of this department 
and belonging to 25 exhibitors. The following are the principal exhibitors: Modesto Brocos, A. 
Delpino, Honorio Esteves, Raphael Frederico, Aurelio de Figueiredo, Insley Pacheco, Oscar P. da 
Silva, Eliseu Visconti, H. Walder, Pedro Weingartner, A. Girardet, V. Dubugras, Marino del Favero 
and Ferreira Rangel. 



GROUP 9. 
Paintings and Drawings — Oil Paintings. 

Exhibit 

No. 
Barbosa, Bento, S. Paulo. 

1 Portrait. 

Brocos, Modesto, Rio de Janeiro, 

la. Portrait of Dr. G. Ramos. 

3. Peeling Goiaba Fruit. 

4. Southern Cross. 

4a. The Old Paina Tree. 

Calixto, B., S. Paulo. 

4b. Wood Chopper. 
Delpino, A., Minas Geraes. 

5. Rain on the Mountains. 
G. Sunshine in the Forest. 

7. Gold-washer. 

8. Birth of the Inconfidence. 

9. Landscape at Barbacena. 

10. Milkman in Costume of Minas. 

11. Cross of the Souls; a country resi- 

dence at Barbacena. 

12. Holy Lake. 

13. Youthful Artist. 

14. Evening on the Farm. 

15. Ocean Scene. 

1G. House where Santos Dumont was 
born. 

17. Wood Hauler in the Costume of 

Minas. 

18. Panorama of City of Marianna, 

State of Minas. 

Esteves, H., Minas Geraes. 

19. Horse's Head (Brazilian breed). 



Exhibit 
No. 



20. View of River das 
Sahara Station. 



Velhas near 



21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
Z9, 



34. 
35. 

3G. 
37. 

38. 
39. 

40. 



42. 



43. 
44. 

45. 



46. 
47. 



Twilight at Honorio Bicalho. 

Holy Lake in State of Minas. 

"Here I am." 

A Convalescent. 

Manganese Ore Mining. 

Gap above Tombadouro Falls. 

Brazilian Wood Haulers. 

Manganese Ore Mining. 

Sunrise in Ouro-Preto. 

Painting Clay Deposits. 

A Tipsy Negress. 

Office of the Belgian Manganese 
Mining Company. 

Fowls' Playing Ground. 

Fowls' Playing Ground. 

Ancient Palace of Government,. 
State of Minas. 

Holy Lake Village. 

Residence of late Dr. Lund at 
Holy Lake. 

Overflow of the Holy Lake. 

Gathering Grapes in the State of 
Minas. 

House and Lands of the Aurifer- 
ous Co. at H. Bicalho Station 
of the Brazil Central Railroad. 

A Tract of the Boa Vista Coun- 
try; Residence of the late Em- 
peror D. Pedro II. 

St. Joseph's Hill at Ouro-Preto. 

Sunrise in Bello Horizonte. 

A Part of Sahara Great Bridge 
over the River das Velhas (built 
by Engineer Santos Dumont, 
father of the great Aeronaut). 

A Country Cooking Range. 

House where the Minas Revolu- 
tionists were assembled in 1790. 



-91 - 



DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS-CONTINUED. 



Exhibit 
No. 

48. Canga Heights between Inficion- 

ado and Agua Quente Hill. 

49. General Panorama of Bello Hori- 

zonte — Old Curral d'El Rey be- 
fore the construction of present 
city. 

50. Panorama of Bello Horizonte, 

showing the famous Piedade 
Mountains, Sabara Street, and 
old Parochial Church. 

51. Great Fountain at the Savings 

Bank Square and the Arts and 
Trades Lyceum. 

52. Miniature of the City of Ouro- 

Preto, showing the Church of 
"Our Lady of the Rosario." 

53. A Child's Fancy Dress. 

53a. Parochial Church at Bello Hori- 
zonte. 
53b. Portrait Head of Man. 

Frederico, Raphael, S. Paulo. 

54. Concert in the Open Air. 
54a. Landscape and Girl. 

55. Amateur Collector. 

56. Rondo in 'la major.' 

57. Interior of an Artist's Studio. 

58. Watering the Vines. 

59. After the Reading. 

60. Near the Altar. 

61. Interior Household Scene. 



Figueiredo, A. 



Rio de Janeiro. 



62. Leme Fort. 

63. Sunset on the Beach. 

64. Summer Evening. 

65. Corcovado (Hump-back) Mountain. 

66. Sensational Crime. 

67. Rhapsody of the Waves. 

68. Panorama of Serra de Petropolis. 

69. Copacabana. 

70. Babylonia Mountain 

71. Rocks. 

72. Valley of the Tijuca Mountain. 

73. Bay of Botafogo. 

74. Peak of Tijuca Mountain. 

75. Avis Rara (Artist's Inspiration). 
75a. Youth's Dream. 

Figueiredo, Dr. A. G., Amazonas. 

76. View of the city of Manaos. 

Mee, M., S. Paulo. 

7<ia Fruit. 
76b. Orchids. 
76c. Orchids. 
76d. Tomatoes. 

Pacheco, Insley, Rio de Janeiro. 

77. Cataract of Paulo Alfonso. 

78. Landscape. 

79. Landscape. 

80. Marine. 

81. Marine. 

82. Marine. 

83. Marine. 

84. Marine. 



Exhibit 
No. 

Papf, E., S. Paulo. 

84a. Orchids. 
Ribeiro, L., Minas Geraes. 

85. Brazilian Cruiser on Ocean at 

Night. 

86. Steamship "Kronprinz Wilhelm." 

87. American Battleships in Rio de 

Janeiro Harbor. (Saluting.) 

Silva, Oscar P. da, S. Paulo. 

87a. A Mother holding Child. 

Steckel, F. A., Minas Geraes. 

88. A Stone Quarry. 

89. Panorama of the Morro Velho. 
89a. A Suburban Residence. 



Visconti, E. 



Rio de Janeiro. 



90. Bust of Man. 

91. A Convalescent. 

92. Mystic Dream. 

93. Pedro Alvares Cabral. 

94. S. Sebastiao. 



Walder, Henry, 



Rio de Janeiro. 



95. Odontoglossum Grande. 

96. Cattleya Gigans; Warocqueana; 

Amethystina; Rex de O'Brien. 

97. Cattleya Hordyano Cardeniana; 

Cattleya Dowiana; Cattleya 
Leopoldo II; Cattleya Walk- 
eriana. 

98. Cattleya Hordyano Luciani; Mos- 

siae Amoena; Oncidium Kram- 
eranum; Oncidium Lamelliger- 
um. 

99. Lovelia Elegans; Lovelia Glauca. 

100. Lutia Purpureum; Insleay. 

101. Miltonia Morelina; Miltonia Pur- 

purata; Miltonia Vexillania; 
Miltonia Alva. 

102. Cattleya Kimalliana; Cattleya 

Mendeli; Cattleya Labiata; 
Cattleya Cupiaon Autumnalis. 

Weingartner, P., Rio Grande do Sul. 

103. Change of Fortune. 
103a. The Harvest. 
103b. The Cock Fight. 

103c. A Marriage at Anticoli. 



Delpino, A. 



109. 



110. 
111. 



112. 



Minas Geraes. 
Child. Pastel 



Mother caressing 

drawing. 
Ox Cart Driver. Pastel drawing. 
Portrait of Mel. Joaquim de Ma- 

cedo. Pastel drawing. 
Itacolomy Mountains. 



Esteves, H.. 



Minas Geraes. 



113. A cottage at Villa Bressane. 

114. Innocent Sleep. Pencil drawing. 
115 Ancient House at Bello Hori- 
zonte. 

115a. An old Farm House. 



92 



DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS-CONTINUED. 



116. St. Joseph's Procession. 

117. Flowers. Colored Crayon. 
117a. President Floriano. Pastel. 
117b. Victor Emmanuel. Pastel. 
117c. Dr. P. G. Lund. Pastel 



Rio de Janeiro. 



Pacheco, Insley, 

118. Marine. Gouache. 

119. Marine. Gouache. 

120. Marine. Gouache. 

121. Marine. Gouache. 

122. Marine. Gouache. 



Schlatter, Fernando, Rio Grande do Sul. 

123. View of City of Porto Alegre. 

Visconti, E., Rio de Janeiro. 

124. Nude Woman. Crayon drawing. 
Bust of Woman. Crayon draw- 
ing. 

Woman in Repose. Crayon draw- 
ing. 

Figures of Children. Crayon 
Drawing. 

Bust of Woman. Crayon draw- 



125. 



126. 



12 r 



128. 



m; 



GROUP 10. 

Engravings and Lithographs. 

Brocos, Modesto, Rio de Janeiro. 

128a. Three etchings in one frame: 

(a) Marshall Floriano Peixoto. 

(b) Rodolpho Bernardelli. 

(c) Late Dom Pedro II. 
128b. Three etchings in one frame. 
128c. Frame of etchings: Portraits of 

eminent Brazilian Citizens. 



GROUP \U 

Sculpture. 
Exhibit 

No. 
Favero, Marino del, & Bros., S. Paulo. 
128d. Christ on the Cross of Calvary. 
Wood Carving. 

Girardet, A. G., Rio de Janiero. 

129. Case containing bronze and alumi- 

num medals ana cameos. 

130. Collection of large bronze medal- 

lions. 

131. Collection of large plaster medal- 

lions. 



Rangel, A. O. F., 

131a. Coffee Branch. 



S. Paulo. 
Wood carving. 



Zani, Amadeu, 
131b. Ave Maria. 



S. Paulo. 
Bas relief in plaster. 



GROUP 12. 
Architecture. 



Dubugras, V., 



S. Paulo. 



131d. Perspective View of Design for 
Town Hall. Water color. 

131e. Five Views of House. Photo- 
graphs. 

131f. Five Views of Interior of House. 
Photographs. 

131g. Five Views of Church. Photo- 
graphs. 

131h. Seven Views of Town Hall. 
Photographs. 



GROUP 13. 

Loan Collection. 



131i. 



Madonna. Very old. Lent by 
Dr. Augusto Mario, Minas Ger- 
aes. 
Musi, A. (deceased). 
131j, 131k, 1311. Three water colors, 
representing festival scenes. 
Lent by Col. Ferreira Penna. 



GROUP 14. 



131c. Perspective View of Design for 
Church. Water color. 



Original Objects of Art Workmanship. 

Visconti, E., Rio de Janeiro. 

Water colors: 

132. Wall paper design. 

133. Pitcher design. 

134. Vase design. 

135. Lace design. 

136. Design for table. 

137. Wall paper design. 

138. Wall paper frieze design. 

139. Wall paper design. 

140. Wall paper design. 

141. Wall paper design. 

142. Wall paper design. 

143. Imitation stained glass design. 

144. Plate design. 

145. Vase design. 

146. Wall paper design. 

147. Design for Allegorical picture. 

148. Portiere drapery design. 

149. Plate design. 

150. Wall paper design. 

151. Vase design. 

152. Design for printed drapery. 

153. Design for dyeing cloth. 

154. Design for embroidery. 

155. Design for pattern of cloth. 

156. Table chandelier design (elec- 

tric). 

157. Wall paper design. 

Ceramics: 

158. Vase. 

159. Vase. 

160. Vase. 

161. Vase. 

162. Vase. 

163. Jar. 

164. Jar. 

165. Jar. 

166. Jar. 
166a. Jar. 

167. Platter. 



-93- 




HILTON 



: - # 






a 



1— Exterior View. 2 -Interior View. 
BRAZILIAN SECTION 

DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS 

GROUPS \ 5 TO 27 

THE Department of Liberal Arts is one that comprises a great variety of specimens and 
which tends to show the degree of advancement of a country. In this department Brazil 
is well represented in nearly all the groups of the official classification and the display is a 
valuable and interesting one* With the exception of instruments, machinery and apparatus used in 
the various arts, which can not yet be manufactured in the country on account of lack of coal, Brazil 
makes a conspicuous display of processes and products of Liberal Arts, 

In typography, engraving and other printing and graphical processes, photography, maps, books, 
newspapers, book-binding, albums, drawings, musical publica- 
tions, etc, thzre is a great variety of exhibits which give a good 
idea of the high degree of perfection reached in these different 
classes of work, 

A few instruments, such as scales, areodosimeter, numis- 
matic albums and catalogues, etc., dental surgery and prepara- 
tions, etc, are represented in groups 19 and 20. 

Group 21 -Musical Instruments. This group is one of the 
best represented in this Department. The metal, string and 
wind instruments displayed by all of the exhibitors show the 
highest grade of workmanship, the excellent quality of material 
used and the artistic taste of the manufacturers. 

In the chemical and pharmaceutical arts the display is 
an exceptionally good one. Raw materials of pharmacy, drugs, 
simple and compounded, matches, different kinds of wax, 
soaps, candles, glycerine, vegetable essences, oils, perfumes, 
pharmaceutical products, salts, glue, blacking, filters, varnish, 
etc., are exhibited in profusion. DR. GRACA COUTO 




;ioner in charge of Department 
of Liberal Arts 



94- 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS 

In Civil and Military Engineering, Public Work and Architectural Engineering groups are found 
samples of natural and artificial building materials, models, plans, and drawings for Public Works 
and buildings, improvements of cities, rivers and harbors, railroads, models of stairs, photographs, re- 
ports and publications on processes of preparation and use of materials and constructions of work, etc. 

It would be difficult to single out the best exhibit among so many good ones. 



GROUP 15. 

Typography— Various Printing Processes. 

Bevilacqua & Co., E., Rio de Janeiro. 

Samples of engraving. 

One of the most completely equipped 
shops for graphical work. 

Becker. Henrique, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Samples of engraved work. 

Cardinale, Carlos, S. Paulo. 

Samples of enamel-printing on 
Metal Plates, Typographic and 
Lithographic Work. 

Echenique Irmaos & Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Samples of Typographic Work. 

Folk, F., Parana 

Lithographic work. 
Frias & Co., Maranhao. 

Typographic work. 

Imprensa Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 

Samples of Typographic Work, 

engravings. lithographic work, 

types, plates, castings, etc., copies 

of photographs, etc. 

Rottermund, M., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Samples of Typographic Work. 

Silva & Co., M., Amazonas. 

Engravings. 

Samples of Typographic Work. 

Sertaozinho, C. Municipal de, S. Paulo. 
Collection of Postal Cards. 

Schmidt, Francisco, S. Paulo. 

Collection of Postal Cards. 



Rio de Janeiro. 
Illustrated Review 



Schmidt, Jorge, 
Monthly 
"Kosmos." 

A splendid specimen of this class of 
work, clone in Mr. Schmidt's shop. 
Seixas & Co., Jayme, Parahyba. 

Samples of Typographic Work. 



GROUP 16. 

Photography. 



Agricultura, Sec. da, 

Photographs. 
Arens & Irmaos. 

Photographs of Shops. 
Amaro, Francisco, 

Photographs of Shops. 



Bahia. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 



Arcuri & Spinel I i, Pantaleone, 

Minas Geraes. 
Photographs of shops and build- 
ings OF JUIZ DE FORA. 

Becker & Irmaos, Jose, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs of Shops. 



Minas Geraes. 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Amazonas. 



Badarioti, Pe. Nicolau, 
Photographs. 

Bevilacqua & Co., E., 
Photographs. 

Cardoso, Jose, 

Photographs. 

Caxias, Intendencia de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs of City. 

Commercial, Livraria, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 



Calegaria, Virgilio, 
Photographs. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Parana. 



Curytiba, Commissao de, 
Photographs. 

Cibilis, Fabrica, Matto Grosso. 

Photographs of Farm and Fac- 
tories. 

Centro do Commercio de Cafe, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Photographs. 

Conde de Prates, S. Paulo. 

Album of Photographs. 



Cunha, Gaudencio, 
Photographs. 

Com. do Estado, 

Photographs. 



Maranhao. 
Matto Grosso. 
S. Paulo. 



Craig & Martins, 

Album of Photographs. 

Couceiro, J. dos Santos, Rio de Janeiro. 
Photographs and portraits. 
Mr. Couceiro is one of the best teachers 
of the violin, mandolin, guitar and other 
string instruments. 

D. Pedrito, C. Municipal de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs of city. 



95- 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS -CONTINUED 



Dannemann & Co., Bahia. 

Photographs of factory, etc. 

Ferrez, Marc, Rio a'e Janeiro. 

Photographs. 
One of the best photographers in the 
country, specially for outdoor work and 
large photographs. 



Governo do Estado, 



Photographs. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Garibaldi, Intendencia de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs of city. 

Guerra, Fernando, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 



Gaensly, Guilherme, 

Photograph Album. 

Goncalves & Co., Pedro, 

Photographs. 

Inspectoria de Jardins, 
Photographs. 

Interior, Sec. do, 

Photographs. 

Itaicy, Usina, 



S. Paulo. 



Bahia. 



Amazonas. 



Minas Geraes. 



Matto Grosso. 



Photographs of factory. 

Jahu, C. Municipal de, S. Paulo. 

Album of photographic views. 

Jung & Co., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Photographs of factory. 



Krahe & Co., 

Photographs. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Laydner & Co., J., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 

Murtinho Sobrinho, Jose, Matto Grosso. 
Photographs of Coxipo Bridge. 

Madureira, Dr. Javert, Parana 

Photographs. 

Mogyana, Comp. E. F., S. Paulo. 

Album of Photographs. 

Magalhaes, Antonio V. de, Matto Grosso. 
Photographs of City and Harbor 
of Corumba. 

Mendonca, Estevao de, Matto Grosso. 

Photographs of City of Cuyaba. 

Moncorvo Filho, Dr., Rio de Janeiro. 

Album of Photographs. 



Nickelsen, Julius, 
Photographs. 



S. Paulo. 



Nascimento, Asdrubal, 
Photographs. 



S. Paulo. 



Porto Alegre, Municipio de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 

Porto, Pedro, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Photographs. 

Porto Alegre, Intendencia de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs of city. 

P. Alegre, C. de Bombeiros, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 



Paes de Barros, Col. A. P. 
Photographs. 



Matto Grosso. 

Bahia. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Rio de Janeiro. 



Penitenciaria, 

Photographs. 

Pereira, Gervasio A., 

Photographs. 

Pacheco J. Insley, 

Photographic work. 
Mr. Pacheco has one of the best equip- 
ped studios in the country, where the 
most perfect and varied work in photog- 
raphy is done. 

Prates, Eduardo, S. Paulo. 

Album of Photographs. 



Quarto Districto Agronomico, 



Album of Photographs. 



S. Paulo. 



Ramos Azevedo, S. Paulo. 

Photographs of buildings. 

Rio Grande do Sul, C. Municipal de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Photographs. 

Sarracini, Joao, S. Paulo. 

A very good and large photograph of 

Santos Dumont, the well-known aeronaut. 

Souza Filho, Luiz M. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 

Steigleder Sobrinho, Germano, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 



Souza Soares, J. A. de, 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Photographs. 



S. J. Montenegro, Intendencia de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs of City. 



96 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS-CONTINUED 



S. Jeronymo, E. F. e Minas de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 



Solari, Padre, 

Photographs of 
Cuyaba. 

Sta. Anna, C. M. Feira de 
Photographs. 

Silva, Pedro Glz. da, 

Photographs. 

S. Paulo, Com. de, 
Photographs. 



Matto Grosso. 
Church in 

Bahia. 

Bahia. 

S. Paulo. 



Simoes & Co., Joao, 
Photographs. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Soucassaux, Francisco, Minas Geraes. 

Photographs showing effects of 
light and landscape scene. 

Santos, D. M. C. da Cunha, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Three paintings in oil. 
Mrs. Santos is a distinguished amateur 
painter. 

Souza, Antonio F. de, Matto Grosso. 

Photographs of City of Cuyaba. 



Teixeira, Alfaiataria, 
Photographs. 

Uniao, Banco, 

Photographs. 

Vieira, Valerio, 

Photographs. 

Voelcker & Co., Luiz, 

Photographs. 

Weissohn, Jose, 

Photographs. 



Maranhao. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
S. Paulo. 



GROUP 17. 

Books and Publications — Bookbinding, 

Alves & Co., F., Rio de Janeiro. 

Books. 
This book store is well known for the 
splendid supply of text books it edits and 
always has on hand. 



Almeida, F. Vieira de, 
Newspapers. 

Archivo Publico, 
Books. 

Amazonas, Redaccao do, 

Newspapers. 



Matto Grosso. 



Para. 



Amazonas. 



Bevilacqua D. Amelia de F., 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Book, "Alcyone." 

Bello, Dr. Modesto de F., Minas Geraes. 
Publication on Distances in the 
State. 

Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 

Books, Bulletins, Catalogues, 
Text Books and Dictionaries. 
A valuable collection of 34 interesting- 
exhibits. 

Barcellos & Co., L. P., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Books and Samples of Bookbind- 
ing. 



Brito, Paulino de, 
Books. 



Amazonas. 



Buhnaeds & Co., M. L., S. Paulo. 

Books and Samples of Bookbind- 
ing. 



Bevilacqua & Co., 
Books. 

Briones, Caetano, 
Books. 



Rio de Janeiro. 



Amazonas. 



Com. da Exposicao P. de S. Paulo, 

S. Paulo, 

Publications, Collection of News- 
papers and Periodicals. 

Commercio do Amazonas, Red. do, 

Amazonas. 

Newspapers. 

Craig & Martins, 
Album. 

Cabral, Jose de F., 
Newspapers. 

Calhau, E. R., 

Newspapers. 

Com. do Estado, 



S. Paulo. 



Matto Grosso. 



Matto Grosso. 



Matto Grosso. 



Books and Publications. 

Carvalho, Antonio, 
Books. 

Costa, Candido, 
Books. 

Calamai, Orestes, 
Books. 

Campos, Dr. H. Lopes de, 
Books. 



Para- 



Para 



Amazonas. 



Amazonas. 



Cypriani, G., 
Books. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



-97- 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS- CONTINUED 



Duprat & Co., S. Paulo. 

Books. Samples of Bookbinding. 
The oldest book-store and printing es- 
tablishment in the State of S. Paulo. 



Diario Official, Red. do, 
Newspapers. 



Amazonas. 



Echenique Irmaos & Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Books and Publications. 



Fidanza, Cav. F. A. 
Books. 

Governo do Estado, 
Publication. 

Governo do Estado, 
Books. 

Gaensley & Co., 
Books. 



Amazonas. 



Minas Geraes. 



Rio Grande do Sul 



S. Paulo. 



Rio de Janeiro. 



Gamier, H., 
Books. 
The Gamier book store is well known 
all over Brazil on account of its com- 
plete supply of books on hand on all sub- 
jects. 



Goncalves, Dr. A. C. Lopes, 

Books. 

Humphrey, George, 
Books. 



Amazonas. 



Amazonas. 



Imprensa Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 

Books, Reports. Albums. Maps, 
Publications, Blankbooks, Sam- 
ples of Bookbinding, Etc. 
A varied collection showing the differ- 
ent kinds of typographic work done in 
the official printing office of Brazil. 



Imprensa do Estado, 
Books. 

Interior, Sec. do, 

Books. 

Jahu, C. Municipal de, 
Books. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 

Minas Geraes. 

S. Paulo. 



Jornal do Commercio, Red do, Amazonas. 
Books. 



Krahe & Co., 



Rio Grande do Sul 



Laemert & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

SA \l PLES OF Hook- BINDING. 

Books. 

One of the oldest and most reliable 
booksellers and editors of Brazil. 



Lima, Dr. Eladio, 
Books. 



Para. 



Medeiros & Co., S. Paulo. 

Year-Boo k of the State of S. 
Paulo. 

Ministerio do Interior, Rio de Janeiro. 

Various Publications. 

Mabilde, A. P., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Books on Insects, Etc. 



Mcseller, Pedro, 

Newspapers. 

Marajo, Barao de, 
Books. 

Moncorvo Filho, Dr., 
Books. 

Moura, Ignacio, 
Books. 

Mattoso, Ernesto, 
Books. 

Nery, Dr. Silverio, 
Books. 

Nobre, Vianna, A. D., 

Books. 



Matto Grosso. 



Amazonas. 



Rio de Janeiro. 



Para 



Amazonas. 



Amazonas. 



Para. 



Oliveira, Padre M. G., de, Matto Grosso. 
Newspapers and Publications. 

Polytechico Brazileiro, Inst., 

Rio de Janeiro. 
13 Volumes of the Review Pub- 
lished by the Institute. 

Pires, D. Aurea, Rio de Janeiro. 

Book, "Indiana" (Poem). 

Porto Alegre, C. Municipal de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Books. 



Prates, Eduardo, 
Books. 

Penna, Ferreira, 
Books. 

Quo Vadis, Red. do. 
Newspapers. 



S. Paulo. 



Para. 



Amazonas. 



Quarto Districto Agronomico. S. Paulo. 
Books. 

Rosa, Ferreira da, Rio de Janeiro. 

Books on Rio de Janeiro. 

Roberti. Luiz. Rio Grande do Sul. 

M i sical Publication. 



Rottermund. M.. 
Books. 

Rosa. Henrique. Sta. 
Books. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Para. 



-98- 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS— CONTINUED 



Rodrigues, Dr. Barbosa, Rio de Janeiro. 
Book. "Palmarum Sertorium." 
Mr. B. Rodrigues is a well-known bot- 
anist, who has devoted himself to the 
study of the palm trees of Brazil, and the 
above publication is the result of his 
work. 



Rocha & Co., Annibal. 
Books. 



Parana. 



Soc. Geographica do Rio de Janeiro, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
5 Volumes of the Review Pub- 
lished by this Association. 

Santos, D. M. C. da Cunha, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Book, "Paineis." 
Among the literary women of Brazil 
Mrs Santos occupies a prominent place. 

Souza & Barros, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Books, Samples of Book- binding. 

Sertaosinho, C. Municipal de, S. Paulo. 
Postal Cards. 

Schmidt, Francisco, S. Paulo. 

Postal Cards. 

Schmidt, Jorge, Rio de Janeiro. 

"Kosmos," Monthly Illustrated 
Publication. 
One of the many good ones of Brazil. 



Siqueira, Avelino de, 
Books. 

Seixas & Co., Jayme, 
Books. 



Matto Grosso. 
Parahyba. 



Silva, Jose Polycarpo de F., 

Minas Geraes. 
Book. "Leituras Civicas." 



Sant Anna Nery, Barao de, 
Books. 



Amazonas. 



Silva, Dr. Ferreira da. 
Books. 



Rio de Janeiro. 



Senna, Dr. Nelson de, Minas Geraes. 

Book. "Contos Sertanejos." 

Souza, Padre Bernardino Para. 

Books. 

Souza, Antonio Monteiro, Amazonas. 

Books. 

Silva, Augusto Alfredo, Amazonas. 

Books. 

Souza, A. O. Araujo, Amazonas. 

Books. 

Silvio, Senior, Amazonas. 

Books. 



Teixeira, Alfaiataria, 

Review. 



Maranhao. 



Tapajoz, Torquato, Amazonas. 

Books — ox the Boundary Line of 
the State. 

Vanorden & Co., S. Paulo. 

Book — Sample of Book- binding. 



Vaz, Thaumaturgo, 
Books. 

Vianna, Arthur, 
Books. 

Verissimo, Jose, 
Books. 



Amazonas. 



Amazonas. 



Amazonas. 



GROUP 18. 

Maps and Apparatus for Geography, Cosmog- 
raphy, Topography. 

Alves & Co., F., Rio de Janeiro. 

Geographical Maps and Atlases. 



Agricultura, Sec. da, 
Map. 

Agricultura, Sec. da, 
Maps. 



Bahia. 
S. Paulo. 
Rio de Janeiro. 



Agricultura, Sec. da, 
Map of Brazil. 
This large map shows the extent of 
the country, its coast, fluvial naviga- 
tion, its railroad systems, etc. Its frame 
is a splendid piece of work. 

Com. Geographica, Minas Geraes. 

Map. 
Ten sheets of the map of the State. 



Com. de Florianopolis, 
Map. 

Coelho, Julio Cezar P, 

Geographical Map. 



Sta. Catharina. 
Minas Geraes. 



Governo do Estado, Minas Geraes. 

Map of the State. 



Governo do Estado, 
Map of State. 



Sta. Catharina. 



Moura, Dr. Gentil de Assis, S. Paulo. 

Map of the City of S. Paulo. 

Obras Publicas, Inspectoria de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Map. 



Payer, Pedro. 
Map. 

Prefeitura Municipal, 
Maps. 



Amazonas. 



Rio de Janeiro. 



99 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS— CONTINUED 



Porto Alegre, C. M. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Maps. 

Rosa, Ferreira da, Rio de Janeiro. 

Five Maps of Rio de Janeiro. 



Rep. de Estatistica, 
Maps. 



Amazonas. 



GROUP 1% 



Instruments of Precision, Philosophical Ap- 
paratus, etc, Coins and Medals, 



Crescenzo, Januario de, 
Scales. 

Felisola, V., 
Scales. 

Knach & Filhos, 

Decimal Scales. 

Petrone, Potito, 

Tailors' Square. 



S. Paulo. 



S. Paulo. 



S. Paulo. 



S. Paulo. 



Hubner, J., Amazonas. 

Album of Numismatic Collection. 



Ramos, Bernardo, 



Amazonas. 



Catalogue of Numismatic Collec- 
tion. 



GROUP 20, 

Medicine and Surgery, 

Mattos, Dr. Silvino de, Rio de Janeiro. 
Samples of Dental Work. 

Schoeler, Reinaldo, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Dental Work. 



GROUP 21, 

Musical Instruments, 
Couceiro, J. dos Santos, Rio de Janeiro. 
Stbing Musical Instruments. 
For artistic qualities and taste, no 
other work excels that produced in Mr. 
Couceiro's factory. It compares favor- 
ably with the best of foreign makers. 

Cypriani, Jose, Rio Grande do Sul. 

String Musical Instruments in 
Cases. 

The same can be said of those made 
by Mr. Jose Cyprani. 

D'Alo & Irmaos, Zacarias, S. Paulo. 

Perci ssion Musical Instruments. 



Felhauer, Alberto, S. Paulo. 

Strtng Musical Instruments. 
Mr. Felhauer's instruments rank among 
the finest made in Brazil, not only with 
regard to musical qualities and decora- 
tive taste, but also as to the qualities 
of material employed. 



Guerra, Fernando, 
Accordions. 



S. Paulo. 



Giudici, Virgil io, S. Paulo. 

String Musical Instruments. 



Marsaioli, Luiz, 
Accordions. 



S. Paulo. 



GROUP 22, 



Pistorezi, Francisco, S. Paulo. 

String Musical Instruments. 

Scavoni & Co., S. Paulo. 

Wind Musical Instruments (Met- 
allic ) . 



GROUP 23, 

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Arts. 

Abreu Sobrinho & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Aguiar, Freire de, Rio de Janeiro. 

192 Samples of Pharmaceutical 
Products. 
This is one of the best Pharmaceutical 
Laboratories in the whole country. 

Azevedo, Luiz Cardoso de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Azevedo, Alberto, Amazonas. 

Medical Preparations. 

Alberto Demori, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Preparations for Extinction of 
Ants. 

Araujo, V. Gomes de, Amazonas. 

Medical Preparations. 

Brandao, Francisco P., Rio de Janeiro. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations. 



Bogaert & Co., 
Soaps. 
Perfumery. 



S. Paulo. 



Barros, Dario, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 



Barcellos. A. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Medicated and Toilet Soaps. 

Bartholomeu & Co., Pernambuco. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 



100- 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS— CONTINUED 



Brazil, Miguel, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 
Boutim, Otto, Parana. 

Glue. 

Berthaud, Ch., Minas Geraes. 

Chemical Preparations. 

Brito, Gracindo de, Bahia. 

Medical Preparation. 

Brito & Co., S. Paulo. 

Matches. 

Carvalho & Co., Alfredo de, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Certain, A. Guimaraes, Rio de Janeiro. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations for 
the Mouth and Teeth. 

Camello, Honor., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparation. 

Cruz & Co., Pernambuco. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Correia Costa, P. C, Matto Grosso. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 



Cibilis, Fabrica, 

Soaps. 



Matto Grosso. 



Carlos, Luiz, S. Paulo. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Camille & Co., Levy, Amazonas. 

Medical Preparations. 



Comm. do Estado, 
Oils. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Cunha, Dr. Alvaro A. da, Rio de Janeiro. 
Areodosimeter for the Examina- 
tion of Urine. 



Calvanese, Raffaele, 

Medical Preparations. 



S. Paulo. 



Carvalho, Agrario B. de, Bahia. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations, 

Claro, Samuel del, Parana, 

Medical Preparations and Glue. 

Camillo & Genro, Antonio, 

Minas Geraes. 
Msdical Preparations. 

Calazans, Dr. Julio de, Bahia. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations 

Daudt & Freitas, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 

David, Jose, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Appliances for Use of Acetylene 
Gas. 

Dapelo & Recco, Nicolao, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 



Dutra, Dr. Jose Fialho, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 



Duchein, Victor, 

Filters. 



S. Paulo. 



Drogas e Productos Chimicos, Comp., 

Pernambuco. 
Medical Preparations. 



Dias, Jose Esteves, 

Medical Preparations 

Ebling, Leopoldo, 
Glue. 



Maranhao. 
Rio Grande do Sul. 



Eugenio & Co., Alfredo, 
Matches. 



Parana 



Ferreira & Co., Anjos, Parana. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Fischel, Dr. Victor, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations and Soap. 

Franco & Co., Souza, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Fonseca, Collect A., Rio de Janeiro. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Figueiredo, B. De Senna, 

Minas Geraes. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Ferraz, F. A. da Silva, Amazonas. 

Medical Preparations. 

Giffoni & Co., Francisco, Rio de Janeiro. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations. 



Garcia Nogueira 
Candles. 

Graitz, A., 

Candles and Soap 

Guimaraes, Jose Ferreira 
Oils. 

Hartman, J., 
Oils. 

Hurlimann, F., 

Matches. 



Co., S. Paulo. 

Parana. 

Maranahao. 

Rio Grande do SuL 

Parana. 



Indio, Pharmacia do, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 



Isola, Joaquim, 

Medical Washes. 



S. Paulo. 



Jung & Co., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Matches, 7 Brands. 

Jannssen, Ernesto, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Tablets. 



101 - 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS— CONTINUED 



Kohler, Luiz, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Pharmaceutical Homeopathic 

Preparations. 



Kahn, Freres, 
Glue. 



S. Paulo. 



Lopes & Faral, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 

Laan, Dr. Van Der, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Homeopathic Preparations. 

Lagunilha, Joaquim, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Lopp, Pedro, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 

Leipnitz, Theodoro, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Leivas Reis & Co., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Lobosco, Vicente Romano, 

Minas Geraes. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Luz Stearica, Comp., Rio de Janeiro. 

Glycerine and Candles. 
The most important factory of its kind 
in Brazil. 



Madeira, Eduardo, 
Perfumery. 



S. Paulo. 



Mayer Junior, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Mattos, J. J. Machado de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Shoe Polish. 



Mink & Co., Jacob, 



Toilet Soaps. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Moojem, J. G., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 

Monza, Cecilio, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 

Mayer & Kessler, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Soaps. 

Mangoldi, Germano, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Oils. 

Meissner, Carlos, S. Paulo. 

Drugs. 

Madureira, Antero de P., S. Paulo. 

Dbugs. 

Martin & Co., C, S. Paulo. 

Dbugs. 



Mendes, Luiz C. de Arruda, S. Paulo. 
Drugs. 

Marques, Augusto Cezar, Maranhao. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 



Mattos 



rmaos, Joao Vital, 



Medical Preparations. 



Maranhao. 



Nogueira & Co., G. 
Candles. 

Nocetti, Egydio, 
Varnish. 



S. Paulo. 
Sta. Catharina. 
Bahia. 



Nobre, Dr. J. M. Argollo, 

Medical Preparations. 

Oliveira, Luiz Cardoso de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 



Oscar & Carvalho, 
Glue. 



Parana. 



Oliveira, Domingos Jose, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Oils. 



Opperman, P., 
Oils. 

Olsmann, H., 
Glue. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Parana. 



Pacheco, Dr. J. M. Pereira, Parahyba. 

Alcohol Modifier for Illuminat- 
ing and Other Purposes. 

Pizarro, Drogaria, Rio de Janeiro. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations and 
Soaps. 

Pasquier & Fisher, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations and Filters. 

Pereira, Hermes de Souza, 

Pernambuco. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Pahl, Luiz, Sta. Catharina. 

Chemical Products. 

Prates & Guimaraes, Minas Geraes. 

Soaps and Perfumery. 

Pessoa, Aureliano, Para. 

Medical Preparations. 

Passos, Dr. Brito, Maranhao. 

Soaps and Oils. 

Palhano, Anysio, Maranhao. 

Medical PREPARATIONS. 

Queiros & Co., L. de, S. Paulo. 

Drugs. 



102 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS— CONTINUED 



Leder Sobrinho, L., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Oils. 



Reichert Irmaos, 
Soaps. 



S. Paulo. 



Rocha, J. Constantino, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Rocha e Remiao, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 

Rocha, Jose Victorino da, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Rocco, Stefano, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 

Roxo, A. G., S. Paulo. 

Drugs. 

Rocha, Antero, Minas Geraes. 

Medical Preparations. 

Rouquayrol & Co., H., Pernambuco. 
Drugs, Pharmaceutical Prepara- 
tions. 

Rapozo, Alpheu, Pernambuco. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Rabello & Filhos, Antonio, Parahyba. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Salerio, Dr. Jose, S. Paulo. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Silva, Paranhos & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 
Pastes and Waxes. 

Schroder & Co., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 

Santos, Pedro Goulart dos., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Santos, Antonio Maria dos., 

Rio Grande do Sui. 
Phosphatina. 

Steeman, Padre Rogerio, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Sallem, Miguel Assad., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medical Preparations. 

Silva, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Medical Preparations. 



Selbach, Junior, J., 
Oils. 

Schrammel, C. A., 
Oils. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Souza Soares, J. A., de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Homeopathic Preparations. 



Scaciota, Raphael, 
Drugs. 



S. Paulo. 



Serpa, Floriano, Bahia. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Simoni, Paulo, Minas Geraes. 

Medical Preparations. 

Samico, Eugenio, Pernamouco. 

Perfumes, Soaps and Toilet 
Waters. 

Silva, Tito H., da, Parahyba. 

Gu/m Arabic of Cashew Rosin. 

Tobal, Ernesto Velasco, Parana. 

Wines for Medicinal Purposes. 

Uniao, Pharmacia, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Voight, Adolpho, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Oils, Soaps and Medical Prepara- 
tions. 



Wittman, A., 
Oils. 

Withers, Henrique, 
Soaps. 



GROUP 24. 

Manufacture of Paper. 

Camargo Freitas & Co., 

Paper and Card Board. 

Gertum & Co., Hugo, 
Paper. 

Sturlini, Narciso, 
Paste Board. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Parana. 



Parana. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



S. Paulo. 



GROUP 25. 

Civil and Military Engineering. 

Cunha & Co., Pernambuco. 

Lime and Cement. 

Jesus, Dr. Jose Palhano de, 

Lime. 



Maranhao. 



Amazonas. 



Manaos Harbor Co., 

Photographs. 

This company is building important 
docks and warehouses at this port on 
the Amazon River. 



103- 



DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS— CONTINUED 



Moers, Henrique, 

Artificial Stone. 

Nava, Silvio, 
Lime. 



Amazonas. 



Maranhao. 



Ramos, D Amelia A. da Silva, 

Minas Geraes. 

Lime. 



Vasconcellos, Manoel A. de, 
Lime. 



Maranhao. 



GROUP 26. 

Models, Plans and Designs for Public "Works, 

Governo do Estado, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Hyd. Relief Map of Improvements 

ON GUAHYBA RlVER. 

Inspectoria G. de O. Publicas, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Photographs of Public Works. 

Prefeitura Municipal, Rio de Janeiro. 
Plans and Maps for improvements of 
streets in the old commercial part of 
the City of Rio de Janeiro. Cadastral 
map of City of Rio de Janeiro. 

Santos, Dr. J. Americo dos, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Collection of 13 volumes of Engineer- 
ing Review. Works on Railroad En- 
gineering and water supply. 



GROUP 27. 
Architectural Engineering. 



Azevedo, Dr. Ramos de, 



S. Paulo. 



Architectural Album. 
Showing styles of houses in S. Paulo. 

Agricultura, Sec. da, Minas Geraes. 

Photographs of Buildings. 



Correccao, Casa de, 



Rio de Janeiro. 



Model of Double Spiral Stair Case 
in Wood. 
This work was made in the well equip- 
ped carpenter shop of the Penitentiary 
of Rio de Janeiro, in which the prisoners 
are kept busy learning some trade or 
art in various shops. 

Dubugras, Victor, S. Paulo. 

Photographs and Plans of Build- 
ings. 



Soucassaux, Francisco, 



Minas Geraes. 



Photographs of Public and Pri- 
vate Buildings. 
Streets and parks in Bello Horizonte, 
and views of the old town. 

Sec. da Industria, Amazonas. 

Reports and Plans of Buildings. 




- 104 - 




BRAZILIAN SECTION IN VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING 
I— Exterior View of Booth in West Court of Varied Industries Palace. 2 3-1-5-6-Interlor Views. 



te *2t p 



., 



*„ 



DEPARTMENT OF 

MANUFACTURES 

GROUPS 28 TO 61 



■ 



commodore; J, C. De carvalho 

Commissioner in charge 
of Department of Manufactures 

VERY little is manufactured yet in Brazil for exportation and the manufactured supply of 
many articles is not even sufficient for the demands of the country. There is, therefore, 
a very good market for foreign goods and splendid opportunities for the establishment of 
factories both to supply the home market and for exportation, especially -when the fact is taken into 
consideration that raw material of first-class quality is inexpensive and abundant, that almost all 
kinds of machinery enter the country free of duty, and that labor is plentiful and cheap. 

The following products on exhibition show to a great advantage, the quality of the materials 
and of the workmanship in the country. 

All kinds of cotton, woolen and silk goods of first quality, leather in all its forms, fine shoes and 
gloves, sets of harness and saddles, straw and felt hats, metal work and hardware, safes, feather-work, 
laces, embroideries, rugs, carpets, beautiful hammocks, magnificent pieces of furniture, ceramics, 
china, glassware, clothing, wearing apparel, ladies' and gentlemen's furnishing goods of all kinds, 
jewelry, fancy goods, goods made of native fibres, trunks and traveling articles, clocks, desks and 
furnishings, paper, cutlery, brushes and brooms, baskets, fancy articles, stained glass, marble produc- 
tions, metallic furniture, and many others, 

Brazil has not the presumption of competing with foreign 
countries in this branch of human activity, but feels proud 
that in some of the goods exhibited the quality and finishing is 
equal and in some cases superior to that of the same articles of 
foreign countries. It is only of late years that the agricultural 
development of the country, the increase of population and other 
special conditions have brought about the opportunity for the 
development of the industries and manufactures, A good start 
has been made and the development of coal mines recently 
found and the utilization of the splendid water power of the 
country for electric energy will soon remove one of the greatest 
difficulties and it will not be many years before Brazil will be 
able to manufacture at home nearly every thing required to 
supply the demands of the population and for exportation. 




105 



MR, EUGENIO DAHNE 
Auxiliar of Commission 



DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES— CONTINUED. 
GROUP 28. 
Stationery. 



Baptista, David, 

Writing Fluid. 

Cordeiro. Daniel de Oliveira, 
Writing Fluid. 

Lopes & Faral, 

Writing Fluid. 



S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



Riedel. H., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Writing Fluid. 



Vellozo & Co., 
Writing 
Stamps. 



Fluid and 



Vieira & Co., G., 

Writing Fluid. 



Parana. 
Inks for 

S. Paulo. 



GROUP 29. 
Cutlery. 

Meo & Co., Muncio de, 
Cutlery. 

Meo & Co., Domingos de, 
Cutlery. 

Campina Grande, C. M. de, 

Steel Poignard. 



S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

Parahyba. 



Riolffi & Filho, J., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gold Eye-glasses, Etc. 



GROUP 31. 
Jewelry. 

Jeanselme, Felippe, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gold and Silver Jewelry with 
Stones (Real and Imitation). 

Rocha & Co., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Articles Trimmed with Silver. 

Laydner & Co., R., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Articles Trimmed with Silver. 

Fehlauer, Alberto, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gold Eye-glasses, Etc. 



GROUP 32. 

Clock and Watch Making. 

Kirchkoff, Francisco Carlos, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
CLO( ks. 
This clock was made entirely in the 
exhibitor's shop. 



GROUP 33. 

Productions in Marble, Bronze, Cast and 

"Wrought Iron. 

Capelli, Adamo, s. Paulo. 

Mosaics in Marble. 

Costa, J. Vicente da, Minas Geraes. 

Art Work in Marble. 

Freire, J. Candido, Ceara. 

Obelisk in Bronze. 
This is one of the finest shops in 
Northern Brazil for the construction and 
repairing of agricultural machines, rail- 
road material, engineering instruments 
and art work of all kinds, in iron, bronze 
and other metals. 

Hugo, Viuva Gustavo, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Iron Vase-Stand. 



Varonese & Co., Cezar, 

Marble Objects. 



Amazonas. 



GROUP 34. 

Brushes, Fine Leather Articles, Fancy Articles 

and Basket Work. 



Andrade, D. Elisa U. de, 

Fruits in Paste Board. 



Bahia. 



Campina Grande, Com. Municipal, 

Parahyba. 
Ivory Knife Handles. 



S. Paulo. 
Feira de Sant Anna, Com. M. de, 



Fracalanza, Angelo, 

Brooms and Dusters. 



Bahia. 



Ostrich Feather Dusters. 
Horn and Cocoa-nut Boxes. 



Jacobsen, Alberto, Rio de Janeiro. 

Fancy Articles in Feathers. Etc. 

Penitenciaria, Bahia. 

Cocoa-nut Shell Calabashes. 

Fancy Articles in Horn. 

Handles for Knives and Forks. 

Bone Crochet-Needles and Tooth- 
picks. 

Petersen, Jorge R., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Brooms. 

Dusters and Brushes. 
One of the best displays in this de- 
partment is that of the Petersen fac- 
tory, the best one in the State of Rio 
Grande do Sul. 

Silva, Antonio Agostinho, Bahia. 

Fruits i.\ Paste Board. 

Selman, D. Gulhermina, Bahia. 

Wax Flowers. 



106- 



DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES— CONTINUED 



Stange, Guilherme, Parana. 

Brooms and Brushes. 

Sabatke, Bernardo, Parana. 

Brooms and Brushes. 

Schaitza, Oscar, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Fixe Leather Purses. Etc. 

Venturini Libero & Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Brooms am> Paste Board. 

GROUP 35/ 

Articles for Traveling and for Camping; India 

Rubber and Gutta Percha Industries, 



Couto, Dr. Graca Couto, 
Hammock. 

Com. do Estado, 
Hammock. 

Couto, Pedro C. do, 
Hammock. 



Maranhao. 



Maranhao. 



Matto Grosso. 



Marinho, Manoel Joaquim, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Trunks, Hat^Boxes, Satchels, Etc. 
This is a first-class exhibit of one of 
the best factories of Rio. The material 
is all found and prepared in Brazil. 



Moreira & Irmao, 
Hammock. 



Maranhao. 



Novis, Dr. Arnaldo, Matto Grosso. 

Photograph of Loom. 
Nearly all the hammocks exhibited 
above were manufactured on looms of 
this style. 



Orlando, Vicente, 
Hammock. 

Osorio, Pedro Leite, 
Hammocks. 

Palhano & Passos, 
Hammocks. 

Rabello, Joaquim, 
Trunk. 



Matto Grosso. 
Matto Grosso. 

Maranhao. 

Maranhao. 



Wanderley, Francisco M., Matto Grosso. 
Hammocks. 



GROUP 37. 
Decoration and Stationary Furniture of Build- 
ings and Dwellings. 

Andre, Francisco, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Artistic Picture Frames. 
Boher. Irmaos & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Artistic Dome in Zinc. 



Correccao, Casa de, Rio Grande do Su!. 
Picture Frame. 

Cypriani, Jose, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Coat of Arms ln Wood. 

Steigleder Sobrinho, Germano, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Picture Frame. 
Artistic Door and Window Frames. 



GROUP 38. 
Office and Household Furniture. 

Arbos & Salvador, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Artistic Furniture. 

Auler & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

One of the most important and artistic 
furniture factories in the whole country. 

Agricultura, Secretaria da, S. Paulo. 

Furniture. 

Artes & Officios, Lyceo de, S. Paulo. 

Furniture. 

Coelho da Rocha & Co., S. Paulo. 

Show Ca.se. 

Ferreira Junior & Saraiva, S. Paulo. 

Show Case. 

Gruber e Filho, Christian F., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Artistic Tables and Table Tops. 

Herzog, Francisco, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Furniture and Album. 

Marcenaria Moderna, Amazonas. 

Furniture. 

Nunes, Adriao Severino, Amazonas. 

Furniture. 

Oder, Julio, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Fine Furniture. 



Penitenciaria, 

Fancy Table. 



Bahia. 



Reil, Gustavo, Santa Catharina. 

Fancy Table of Native Wood. 



Stephano, Carlos, 
Furniture. 

Silva Telles & Co., 
Furniture. 



Parana. 



S. Paulo. 



Santos, Saturnino Pereira dos, Amazonas. 
Furniture. 



Seccha, Fratelli, 
Show Case. 



S. Paulo. 



107- 



DEPARTMENT OE MANUFACTURES -CONTINUED. 



Steigleder & Sobrinho, G., 

Rio Grande Do Sul. 
Ice Box and Frames. 



GROUP 39. 
Stained Glass. 



Walmann, Jose, Rio Grande do Sul. 

2 Stained Glass Windows. 

GROUP 40. 

Mortuary Monuments and Undertaker's 
Furnishings. 

Tomagnini Fratelli & Co., G., S. Paulo. 
Marble Urn. 



GROUP 4J. 
Hardware. 

Berta & Co., E., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Safe, Cooking Stove and Locks, 3 
Iron Beds. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Rio Grande do Sul. 



Borgmann, G., 

Files. 
Bortola, Mosna, 

Patent Lock. 
Correccao, Casa de, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Hardware made in Penitentiary 

Shops. 

Cabral & Co., L. E. de, Rio de Janeiro. 

Tin Cans. 
Freitas & Rangel, S. Paulo. 

Metallic Dry Measures. 
Gerdan, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Nails. 
Knack & Filhos, G., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Decimal Scale. 
Hoepke & Co., Carl, Sta. Catharina. 

Nails. 
Muller & Filhos, Parana. 

Fancy Cast-Iron Work. 

Montemaggiori, Angelo, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Pair of Scales. 

Pannoni, Domingos, S. Paulo. 

Tool for Boring. 
Riolffi & Filho, J., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Hoksi; Shoes. 
Raminelli, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Stove. 
Schmidt, Rodolpho, Parana, 

Ai.i \ii.m \i Ware. 
Torre, Luiz, S. Paulo. 

[bow Bedsteads. 



GROUP 42. 
Paper Hanging. 

David & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Wall Paper. 



GROUP 45. 
Ceramics 

Andressen, Olaria, 

Ceramic Products. 

Almeida, J. R., 

Mosaic Tiles. 

Bastos, J. P., 

Stone-ware. 

Bricks. 

Earthen-ware. 



Amazonas. 
Amazonas. 
Maranhao. 



Carlos & Co., 

Mosaics. 

Capelli, Adamo, 
Mosaics. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
S. Paulo. 
Para. 



Chermont Braga & Co., 
Bricks and Tiles. 

Co-Operativa V. Colombo, Soc, Parana. 

Earthen-ware Flower Vases. 
Toilet Articles. 
Dishes and Cups. 
Filters and Water-Coolers. 
Photographs and Samples of Raw 
Material. 

This is the most important factory of 
its kind in the State. 

Correccao, Casa de, Rio de Janeiro. 

Tiles and Mosaics. 

Chytraes e Vidros, Fabrica de, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Ceramics. 



Com. do Estado, 

Ceramics. 

Duchein, Victor, 

Filters. 

Falchi Gianini & Co., 

Tiles. 

Faria, A. Jose de, 

Tiles, Bricks, Etc. 

Guedes, Manoel, 

Pipes and Tiles. 



Piauhy. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
Amazonas. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 



Lavaud, Sensand de, 

Pipes. 

Bricks, Etc. 
One of the most important potteries in 
the State of S. Paulo. 



108 



DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES— CONTINUED 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



Lunardi Estevao & Co., Minas Geraes. 
Paving Tiles, Dry Process, High 
Pressure. 



Mesquita, J. C. de, 

Tiles and Bricks. 



Amazonas. 



Moers, Henrique J., Amazonas. 

Tiles, Bricks, Pipes, Etc. 

Montigny, Frederico de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Filters and Pipes. 



Mosaicos, Fabrica de, 
Mosaics. 



Parahyba. 



Mechinca e Importadora, Comp., 
Pipes. 



Nina, Heraclito, 

Earthen- ware. 

Progresso Paulista, Comp. 
Pipes. 



S. Paulo. 

Maranhao. 

S. Paulo. 



Productos Ceramicos, Fabrica de, 

S. Paulo. 
Pitchers. 



Panitz & Irmao, J. A., 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Earthen-ware. 



Robiatti, Jose, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Flower Vases and Filters. 



Rocha, Raymundo T. C, 

Stone-ware. 

Rio Negro, Olaria, 

Ceramic Products. 



Minas Geraes. 
Amazonas. 



Steigleder & Sobrinho, Germano, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Bricks, Etc., and Clay. 



Schimmelpfeng & Co., 

Bricks, Tiles, Etc. 

Uniao, Banco, 

Tiles, Bricks, Etc. 

Varonese & Co., Cezar, 

Tiles. 

Wolmann, Jose, 

China-ware. 



Parana. 

S. Paulo. 

Amazonas. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



GROUP 47. 
Glass and Crystal. 



Crystaes e Vidros, Fabrica de, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Glass-ware. 



Esberard, Fabrica, 
Glass-ware. 



Rio de Janeiro. 



Hagstd & Co., 

Glass-ware. 

Pinder, Henrique, 
Glass-ware. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Soryemich Crystalleria, 
Glass-ware. 

Uras, Joao, 

Glass-ware. 



S. Paulo. 



S. Paulo. 



GROUP 49. 

Apparatus and Methods, not Electrical, for 

Lighting. 

David, D., Rio Grande do Sul. 

App. for Acetylene Gas for Do- 
mestic Purposes. 



GROUP 53. 

Equipment and Processes used in Sewing and 

Making Wearing Apparel. 

Fraaquim, Jose, Parana. 

Shoe Forms. 

Pertica, Alcides H., 
Bust Forms. 



S. Paulo. 



GROUP 54. 
Threads and Fabrics of Cotton. 

Allianca, Comp. F. e Tecidos, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Cotton Goods of All Kinds. 

Araujo, Henrique de, Matto Grosso. 

Cotton Threads Used in the Man- 
ufacture of Hammocks and Similar 
Goods. 

Brazil Industerial, Comp., Rio de Janeiro. 
Cotton Goods and Thread. 
One of the leading factories in the 
cotton industries. 

Barreto, Viuva, Rio Grande do Norte. 
Cotton Goods. 

Cachoeira de Macacos, Comp., 

Minas Geraes. 
Cotton Goods. 



Cruz & Co., 

Cotton Goods. 

Commissao do Estado, 
Cotton Goods. 



Sergipe. 
Piauhy. 



Dohler & Co., C. G., Sta. Catharina. 

Cotton Goods of All Kinds. 
One of the best equipped and most 
important factories in Southern Brazil. 



109 



DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES— CONTINUED 



Fabril Paulistana. Comp., S. Paulo. 

Cotton Goods. 

Fonseca, M. Jose da. S. Paulo. 

Cotton Goods. 

Fiacao e Tecidos de Pernambuco, Comp., 

Pernambuco. 
Cotton Goods. 
This is the oldest and one of the most 
important factories in Northern Brazil. 



Guedes, Manoel, 

Cotton Goods. 



S. Paulo. 



Italo Brazileira, Comp. Tecelagem, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Cotton Goods. 

Industrial Sabarense, Comp., 

Minas Geraes. 
Cotton Goods. 

Industrial Pernambucana, Comp., 

Pernambuco. 
Cotton Goods. 
This is one of the most important cot- 
ton mills in Northern Brazil. This com- 
pany owns several cotton and sugar 
mills. 



Mendes & Co., Pereira 
Cotton Goods. 



S. Paulo. 



Manufactureira e Agricola, Comp., 

Maranhao. 
Cotton Goods and Thread. 

Manufactureira do Codo, Comp., 

Maranhao. 
Cotton Goods. 



Miranda, Rodolpho, 
Cotton Goods. 



S. Paulo. 



Parahybana, Fabrica de Tecidos, 

Parahyba. 
Cotton Goods. 

Ribeiro, Candido Jose, Maranhao. 

Cotton Goods. 

S. Luiz, Fabrica, Maranhao. 

Cotton Goods. 

Schlemn, Paulo, Santa Catharina. 

Cotto.v Goods, Ladies' Underwear, 
Hosiery, Etc. 



Tecidos, Comp., F. 
Cotton Goods. 



E.. 



Pernambuco. 



S. Paulo. 



Uniao, Banco, 

Cotton Goods. 
The Banco Uniao owns the largest 
cotton and woolen mills in S. Paulo. 



Uniao Lavrense, Comp. 

Cotton Goods. 



F. e Tecidos. 
Minas Geraes. 



Uniao Fabril, Comp., 
Cotton Goods 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Weissohn & Co., Jose. S. Paulo. 

Cotton Goods and Threads. 

GROUP 55. 

Threads and Fabrics of Vegetable Fibres other 

than Cotton, 

Campos Vianna & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Ropes and Fibres of Native 

Fibres. 

A very good example of the quality of 

material found in Brazil for ropes, bags, 

mats and other tissues. 

In the above exhibit six different va- 
rieties of fibres are shown. 

Canhamo, Comp., F. e T. de, 

Maranhao. 
Hemp Goods. 
Ficao E. Tecidos Porto Alegrense, Comp., 
Rio Grande do Sul. 
Linen. Etc. 



Giustie & Co., Fred, 



Jute Cordage. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Italo Brazileira, Comp. Tecelagen, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Linen Goods, Etc. 

Industrial Sabaraense, Comp., 

Minas Geraes. 
Linen Goods. 

Maggi, Henrique, S. Paulo. 

Twine made of Native Fibres. 

Cordage. 

Photographs. 
Mr. Maggi owns a fine factory and the 
class of goods manufactured is repre- 
sented by a few samples only. 

Penteado, A. Alvares, S. Paulo. 

Jute Fibres. 
The largest factory of this kind in the 
State, and perhaps in the whole country. 
The jute is indigenous. 

Queiros, Luiz M. Pinto, S. Paulo. 

Cordage, Fibres and Products of 
Native Fibres. 

Silva Telles & Co.. S. Paulo. 

Aramina Fibres and Pboducts, 
Bagging, Rugs, Ropes, Twine, Can- 
vas. Curtains, Trimmings, Etc. 

Aramina is an abundant native fibre, 
very strong and durable. Mr. Telles after 
some experiments established, a short 
time ago, a splendid factory of which 
products the above are samples. Ara- 
mina is superior lo jute in every respect. 



110 



DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES— CONTINUED 
Rio Grande do Sul. 



Schaitza, Oscar, 
Rugs. 
Carpets of Vegetable Fibres. 



GROUP 56. 

Yarns and Fabrics of Animal Fibres. 

Feira de Sant Anna, Com. M. de, Bahia. 
Horse-iiair Ropes. 

Fiacao e Tecidos Porto Algrense, Comp., 
Rio Grande do Sul. 
Blankets. Shawls,, Tweeds and 
Similar Woolen Goods. 

Uniao, Fabril Comp., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Woolen Goods. 

Italo Brazileira, Comp., Tecelagem, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Woolen Goods. 
These three woolen mills, which have 
splendid displays are the most important 
ones in Brazil, and their goods compare 
most favorably with those imported from 
other countries. 



GROUP 57. 
Silk and Fabrics of Silk. 
Commissao do Estado. 



Silk Fabrics. 

Bufarah, Salomao, 
Silk Goods. 



Santa Catharina. 
S. Paulo. 



Gomes, Violeta, Josina E. Gloria, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Silk Fabrics. 

Mandelli, Luiz, 

Silk Fabrics. 

Morandi, Fred, 

Silk Fabrics. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Rio Grande do Sul. 
Rio Grande do Sul. 



Mangoni, Julio, 

Silk Fabrics. 
Nascimento, Asdrubal, S. Paulo. 

Silk Goods and Photographs. 
Rodrigo Silva, Conolia, Minas Geraes. 

Silk Fabrics. 

Schlabrendof I, Huberto Von, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Silk Threads. 

GROUP 58. 

Laces, Embroideries and Trimmings. 

Aguiar, D. Jenny, Rio de Janeiro. 

Embroidery on Satin. 
Aguiar, D. Eulalia, Rio de Janeiro. 

Embroidery on Satin. 



Bica, D. Eulalia Barbosa, Rio de Janeiro. 
Embroidered Counterpane. 
(Made at 81 years of age.) 

Chaves, D. Antonia M., Maranhao. 

Embroidery. 

Commissao do Estado, Santa Catharina. 
Laces. 

Commissao do Estado, Piauhy. 

Laces. 

Collazos, Joaquim, S. Paulo. 

Embroidery in Silk. 

Osorio, D. Maria Jose, Bahia. 

Embroidery on Velvet. 

Patrulha, Com. de S. A. da, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Embroidered Goods. 



Silva, D. Maria I. da, 
Embroidery. 



Maranhao. 



GROUP 59. 



Industries Producing "Wearing Apparel for Men, 
Women and Children. 



Policial, Brigada, Rio de Janeiro. 

Uniforms. 
Made in the tailor shops of the Police 
Department. 



Teixeira, Alfaiataria, 
Clothing. 



Maranhao. 



GROUP 60. 
Leather, Boots and Shoes, Furs and Skins, 



Fur Clothing. 

Aguiar & Co., Souza, 
Slippers. 

Bernert, Francisco, 

Boots and Shoes. 



S. Paulo. 



Parana. 



Ceara. 



Boris, Freres, 

Leather and Skins. 
One of the great industries of this 
State is the raising of goats whose hides 
are exported by thousands every year. 

Commissao de Joinville, Sta. Catharina. 
Shoes. 

Commissao de Florianopolis, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Shoes. 



Carvalho & Co., Affonso. 
Leather. 



Minas Geraes. 



Ill 



DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES— CONTINUED 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



Costa & Co., Ferreira, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Boots and Shoes. 

Correccao, Casa de, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Boots and Shoes. 



Dom Bosco, Escola, 
Shoes. 

Dick & Co., C. A., 
Leather. 

Ferreira, Joao de Souza, 

Leather s. 

Figueiredo, J. F., 
Slippers. 

Ferras Fester & Co., 
Slippfrs. 

Feira de Sant' Anna, C. M. de, 
Leather. 

Greiner & Abascal, 
Leather. 

Kluppel, Antonio, 

Boots and Shoes. 

Kessler, Annibal, 
Leather. 

Monteiro, Jose Evaristo 
Leather. 

Marroco, Julio, 
Shoes. 



Minas Geraes. 

S. Paulo. 

Parana. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

Bahia. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Parana. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Parahyba. 

Para. 

Para. 



Marroco, Guilherme, 

Boots and Shoes. 

Oliveira, Padre Manoel Gomes, 

Matto G rosso. 
Leather. 

Penitenciaria, Bahia. 

Boots and Shoes. 

Progresso Industrial, Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Boots, and Shoes, Etc. 
A very good display showing the fine 
quality of work done by this factory. 

Pereira & Co., Lothario, Parana. 

Boots and Shoes. 
Rocha & Co., Coelho da, S. Paulo. 

Boots and Shoes. 

Rossbach Brothers, Bahia. 

Leatheb. 

Sant' Anna, Com. M. de Feira de, Bahia. 

Skins ami Lk.vi iii:k. 

Schaitza & Co., Oscar, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Leather Purses, Etc. 



Secco & Co., 
Leather. 

Silva & Co., Pessoa da, 
Leather. 

Santos & Irmao, 

Shoes. 



Parahyba. 
Minas Geraes. 



Silva Gomes & Irmao, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Leather and Shoes. 
One of the best factories in the State. 

Sans Jose, Minas Geraes. 

Leather and Leather Articles. 



Schelenker, Otto, 
Leather. 

Verrone, R. Rossi, 

Shoes and Boots. 



Parana. 
S. Paulo. 



Vianna, Joao Carlos, 



Gloves. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



GROUP 6L 
Various Industries Connected with Clothing. 

S. Paulo. 



Giachi & Cherri, 

Straw Hats. 

Almeida, J. A. de, 

Stockings. 

Alagoinhas, Com. M. de, 
Straw Hats. 



Pernambuco. 



Bahia. 



Berto Bertacco & Co. 

Straw Hats. 

Bosisio & Filho, J., 
Hats. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 

S. Paulo. 

Rio de Janeiro. 



Braga, J. L. Fernandes 
Felt Hats. 
This is the oldest and one of the most 
important hat factories in Brazil. The 
goods compare with the best of foreign 
manufacture and have been awarded 
prizes at several Expositions, both at 
home and abroad. 

Bueno, Anacleto P., Parana. 

Straw Hats. 
Bataglia, Madame J., Para. 

Corsets and Similar Goods. 
Bastos, Jose, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Shirts and Underclothing. 

Chiaradia & Irmao, F., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Ladies' Hats and Forms. 
Gentlemen's Hats and Forms. 



112 



DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES-CONTINUED 



Correccao, Casa de, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Straw Hats. 

Commissao, de S. Francisco, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Canes. 



Commissao do Estado, 
Canes. 



Amazonas. 



Freiderich, Max, Sta. Catharina. 

Hosiery, Shirts, Underclothing. 
The most important manufacturer in 
the State. 

Teichmann, Oscar, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Felt Hats. 
A fine exhibit of one of the principal 
factories in Southern Brazil. 

Fabril Porto Alegrense, Comp., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Shirts, Underwear and Hosiery. 

Fabrica Chapeos de Palha, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Straw Hats. 

Ferraz Fester & Co., S. Paulo. 

Hosiery. 

Feira de Sant' Anna, C. M. de, Bahia. 
Straw Hats. 
Walking Sticks. 



Gusi, Santo, 

Straw Hats. 

I so I a. Joaquim, 

Bone Buttons. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



S. Paulo. 



Jacobsen, Madame Alice, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Feather Fans and Other Articles. 
A magnificent display, showing the ar- 
tistic taste of Mme. Jacobsen and the 
beauty and variety of the colors of Brazil- 
ian birds. 



Kaiser & Company, 
Hosiery. 



Sta. Catharina. 



Lima & Co., Julio, Rio de Janeiro. 

Felt Hats and Photographs. 



Lucena, Colonia, 

Straw Hats. 



Parana. 



Mattea, Madame Jacometti, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Corsets. 



Mayser & Kessler, 
Felt Hats. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Pabst & Co., J., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Corsets and Neckwear. 



Pereira, F. de Souza, 
Hats. 

Panto, Dario, 
Hats. 



S. Paulo. 



S. Paulo. 



Schaitza, Oscar, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Neckties, Collars, Aprons, Etc. 



Sommers, Eduardo, 
Felt Hats. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Schneider, Carlos, Sta. Catharina. 

Native Straws of Different Kinds 
Prepared for Hats, Etc. 

Schritzmeyer & Co., Adolpho, S. Paulo. 
Hats. 
The oldest and one of the best hat fac- 
tories in the country. 

Tannhauser, F., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Straw. Hats, Neckties, Shirts, 
Etc., and Photograph. 

Venturini & Co., Libero, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Straw Hats and Artificial Flow- 
ers. 



Weigang, Francisco, 
Felt Hats. 



Parana. 




113 




MANY first-class plants have already been installed 
in several cities for lighting purposes, for street- 
car service and for generating power t etc., some 
of which are operated by steam and others by -water power. 

Water power is plentiful in almost every part of the country 
and as a rule within a reasonable distance of the cities and 
towns* Electrical machinery is permitted to enter the country free 
of duty, most of which in use in Brazil comes from the United 
States and from Germany. There are several Telegraph and 
Cable Companies; the overland lines belonging to the Federal 
Government give very good service. The Cable Companies, 
connecting Brazil with Europe and North America are owned 
by private companies. 

There are telephone lines in all of the large cities. Besides 
these electricity is applied in various ways in Brazil, for indus- 
trial, pleasure, medicinal, navigation and other purposes. 



BRAZILIAN SECTION 



DEPARTMENT OF 



ELECTRICITY 



GROUPS 67 to 7 \ 




MR. C COUTO, 

Commissioner in Charge of Department 

of Electricity. 



GROUP 67. 
Machines for Generating and Using 
Electricity. 
Intendencia de Manaos, Amazonas. 

Photographs of the Water Works 
Electric Plant. 
Manaos Railway, Amazonas. 

Photographs of an Electric Rail- 
way Plant. 
S. Paulo Tramway, Lighting & Power Co., 

S. Paulo. 
Photographs. 
Soucasanz, Francisco, Minas Geraes. 

Photographs of an Electric Pi. am 1 
at Bello Horizonte. 

GROUP 70. 
Telegraphy and Telephone. 
Telegraph, Reparticao Geral dos, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Telegraphic Apparatus and In- 

BTRl MEENTS. 



Material Used for Telegraph 
Lines, Tools, Drawings, Photo- 
graphs, Maps and Publications. 

Uniao Telephonica, Impreza, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Reports. 



GROUP 71. 

Various Applications of Electricity. 

Loschi, Edward, S. Pauio. 

Photographs and Publications on 
Electrical River Navigation. 



Ramos, Dr. F. F., 

Book on Industrial Electricity in 
the State of S. Paulo. 



114- 




BRAZILIAN SECTION 



DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 



GROUPS 72 to 77 



VERY few vehicles of any kind, with the exception of automobiles and bicycles, are im- 
ported into Brazil, 

Carriages, wagons, drays, etc., of all kinds, street cars, railway cars, ambulances, 
hearses, etc., are all manufactured from splendid Brazilian 
woods, the hardware and iron fittings being imported from 
Europe already made in some instances, while in others 
they are made in Brazil from imported material. Equip- 
ment for horses and vehicles is manufactured in the coun- 
try also, that being on exhibition giving a fair idea of the 
quality of the material and class of work. Attention is 
called to the exhibit of the Fire Department of Rio de 
Janeiro, one of the best in the world. Brazil has over 
13,000 miles of railway in operation and about 6,000 miles 
are in course of construction or being planned at the present 
time. Some of the lines exhibit several photographs. 
Bartholomeu de Gusmao, Julio Cezar, Augusto Severo, 
Jose do Patrocinio, Santos Dumont and some other Brazil- 
ians have contributed much towards the advancement of 
aerial navigation. 




115- 



COMMODORE A. CORREA. 

Commissioner in Charge of Department 
of Transportation. 



DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION— CONTINUED 

Large and small boats, not to mention canoes, and other small craft are built every year in Bra- 
zilian Shipyards, the same state of affairs existing as those pertaining to the building of vehicles, that 
is, the iron and machinery only being imported. 

Trans-Atlantic Steamers and Men-of-war are being easily repaired on the docks at our different 
ship-yards. 

The following are the leading exhibits in this department: Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro, 
Government and Private Railways, exhibits of sets of Harnesses and Saddles, those of the firms 
Rothfuchs & Irmao, Cunha Guimaraes & Co., D. Codega Jo. t Candido Freire, J. Backer & Irmao, A. 
Ferroni, C. G. Crespo, also a few interesting publications on railroads and navigation. 

The Department of Industry and Public Works exhibits a large map showing the Railway Sys- 
tems in Brazil. 

The State Government of Rio Grande do Sul exhibits a relief map showing the improvements 
made along the Guahyba River. 



GROUP 72. 

Carriages and Wheel Wrights Work, Automo- 
biles and Cycles. 

Bombeiros, Corpo de, Rio de Janeiro. 

Wagon Belonging to the Fire De- 
partment. 

Hose Cart. 
These articles are made in the shops 
belonging to the Fire Department, which 
are completely and perfectly equipped 
to do all the work required by the Fire 
Department of a large city. In Rio de 
Janeiro the Fire Department is a mili- 
tary organization of 624 men and officers, 
having magnificent central headquarters, 
stations and sub-stations, and splendidly 
equipped with engines, fire boats, wagons, 
hose carts, tools, etc., of high grade. 
European experts have considered this 
one of the finest and best organized Fire 
Departments, as well as one of the most 
efficient in the whole world. 

Knack & Filho, G., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Cast Iron Wheels for Cars. 

This is an important establishment, 
where all kinds of foundry and shop 
work for railways, factories, steam boats, 
etc., is done. 

Yardim & Co., F., 

Photographs of an Ambulance. 

Rothfuchs & Irmaos, Luiz, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

A< ■( ESSORIES FOR WHEELS. 

Photographs of Vehicles. 

This is one of the best equipped plants 
in the Siate. All kinds of vehicles and 
coin cyances are manufactured by Messrs. 
Rothfuchs & [rmaos. 



GROUP 73. 

Saddlery and Harness. 

Bombeiro, Corpo de, Rio de Janeiro. 

Tools, Ladders, Buckets, Etc 

Photographs. 

Sets of Harness. 
These tools, buckets, harness, etc., and 
in fact everything required by the Fire 
Department of Rio de Janeiro is made 
in its splendidly equipped shops by the 
firemen themselves, who are trained to do 
the work, for which they show the most 
ability. 

Bruggman, Pereira & Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Military Harness and Saddles. 
This is a very large factory, which 
supplies the Brazilian Army with harness 
and saddles of the types exhibited. 

Costa & Co., Ferreira da, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Harness for Horses and Oxen. 
Oxen are used under the saddle in a 
few places, where horses and mules are 
expensive and difficult to procure. 

Cunha Guimaraes & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 
Firemen's Uniforms and Hats. 

Messrs. C Guimaraes & Co., own one 
of the principal shops in Brazil for the 
kind of work they exhibit, that is, military 
uniforms, hats, etc. 

Manieri & Irmaos, Francisco. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Saddles. 

Moher & Filho, Felippe, 
Ladies' Saddles. 

Rowe & Hasselman. 
I [ARNESS. 



116 



DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION— CONTINUED 



Rudolph, Bernado, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Saddle. 

Rothfuchs & Irmao, Luiz, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Harness. 

Rocha & Filho, Zeferino, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Harness. 

Schneider & Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Jockey Saddle. 
- Ladies' Saddles. 

Military Saddles. 

Ordinary Saddles. 
The exhibit in the Brazilian Section 
at the Transportation Building proves 
that the industry of harness and saddle 
making in Brazil, especially in the State 
of Rio Grande do Sul is an important 
one. The quality of material of the above 
mentioned work exhibited is all first- 
class in every respect, both in the plain 
ordinary harness and saddles as well as 
in the fancy and elaborate kind of work. 

GROUP 74. 
Railways, Etc. 
Argollo, Miguel de T., Bahia. 

Books, Publications, Reports. 
Maps, Etc. Pertaining to Rail- 
roads. 

Agriculture, Secretaria da, S. Paulo. 

Report on State Railways. 
Codega, D., Parana. 

Model Showing New Systems of 
Transmission. 
Central do Brazil, E. de F., 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Map and Photographs of Rail- 
road Construction Work, Etc. 
This is a Government railroad and one 
of the largest and best-equipped in Brazil. 
Freire, F. Candido, Ceara. 

Lubrication Box for Railroad 
Cars. 

Guide Bar. 
Mr. Freire owns a very extensive shop 
in Ceara, where machinery for the manu- 
facture of sugar and alcohol is made on 
a large scale. 
Great Western Railway of Brazil, 

Pernambuco. 
Photographs of Railroad Con- 
struction Work. 
Almost all the railroad lines in the 
States of Alagoas, Pernambuco, Parahy- 
ba and Rio Grande do Norte are owned 
by this company. 

Leopoldina Railway, Rio de Janeiro. 

Photographs. 
This company owns lines in the States 
of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes and 
Espirito Santo. 

Manaos Railway, Amazonas. 

Photographs of Street Cars. 



Minas & Rio, E. de F., Rio de Janeiro. 
Photographs. 
This company handles largely the 
transportation of cattle for the Rio de 
Janeiro and S. Paulo markets. 

Pessoa, Dr. V. A. de Paula, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Book on the Central R. R. of 
Brazil. 

Profress Cuyabana, Co., Matto Grosso. 

Photographs of Cars. 
S. Paulo Railway, S. Paulo. 

Photographs. 
This is one of the richest and most 
important railroads in Brazil and trans- 
ports practically all the coffee of the 
State of S. Paulo. 



GROUP 75. 

Material and Equipment Used in Mercantile 
Marine, 

Backer & Irmao, Jose, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Motor for Boat. 
The motor exhibited gives a very good 
idea of the importance of these shops. 

Camara, Almirante A. Alves, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Publication on Naval Construc- 
tion. 

Capitania do Porto, Amazonas. 

Photographs of River Craft. 

Crespo, Coustantino Glz, Matto Grosso. 
Model of Cargo Boat for River. 

Commissao do Estado, Rio de Janeiro. 
Canoe with Sails, Oars, Etc. 
This canoe is 57 feet long and made of 
a single tree. These canoes are made 
and used on the rivers of the interior of 
Brazil. 

Ferroni, Agostino, S. Paulo. 

Photographs of Life Saving Ap- 
paratus. 



Governo do Estado, 
Small Canoes. 



Amazonas. 



Guidt & Co., Amazonas. 

Photographs of Shipyards. 
This is one of the most important in 
the northern part of Brazil. 

Lindgren, Carlos F. ? Rio de Janeiro. 

Work on Navigation and Maps. 

Neves, Gabriel S., Matto Grosso. 

Fhotograph of Ferry Boat. 

Porto, J. A. Santos, Rio de Janeiro. 

Books on Mercantile Marine. 

Rawlinson, Dr. R. P., Pernambuco. 

Model of Catamaran. 
Used by fishermen in some places of 
the northern coast of Brazil. 



117- 




BRAZILIAN SECTION IX AGRICULTURE BUILDING 
1-2-3-4— Interior views. 5— Exterior view. 



I 




DEPARTMENT OF 

AGRICULTURE 

GROUPS 78 to 96 

TS geographical situation, admirable system of rivers and 
respective valleys, its immense plateaus and unequaled 
climate, the regularity of its seasons and the fertility of 
its soils have made Brazil an ideal agricultural country and, 
until a few years ago, agriculture was the main occupation of 
the greater part of the population of Brazil, 

Among others the following products constitute the principal 
articles of culture: 

Coffee, of which Brazil produces over 4-5 of the entire pro- 
duction of the world. Cocoa, sugar-cane, tobacco, forage, 
cereals, grain, beans, roots and tubers of all kinds, cotton of the 
best quality, herva matte, fruits and vegetables of all kinds and live stock of every description. 

In connection with the raising of these articles, the industries for their preparation have been 
greatly developed and the utilization of the products increased, as is demonstrated by the products ex- 
hibited, such as coffee, tobacco, cigars and cigarettes, flour, feculae, starch and meals, Italian food 
pastes, sugar, chocolate, preserves, packinghouse and dairy products, (cheese, butter t lard, etc), fibres, 
oils, preserved fruits and vegetables, wines (grape and other fruits), spices, brandies, liqueurs, syrups, 
alcohol, beer, vinegar, pastry, forage, preserved meats and fish, textile plants, wool, silk cocoons, bee- 
hives, honey and wax and a large collection of photographs, illustrating agricultural processes and 
systems and everything connected with the farming industries of the country. 



MR. F. RAMOS 

Commissioner in charge of Department 

of Agriculture 



GROUP 78. 
Farm Equipment — Methods of Improving Land, 

Agricultura, Secretaria da, S. Paulo. 

Photographs of Plantations, 
Showing Various Cultures. 

Commissao do Estado, Matto Grosso. 

Photographs of Plantations and 
Farms. 

Commissao do Estado Parana. 

Photographs of Plantations. 

Madureira, Dr. Javert, Parana. 

Photographs of Farm. 

Prates, Conde de, S. Paulo. 

Photographs of Farm. 



Pereira, Gervasio A. 
Photographs 
Farm. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
of Cattle-Raising 



GROUP 79, 

Agricultural Implements and Farm Machinery. 

Comp. Mecanica & Importadora, 

S. Paulo. 
Schuhman's Machine for Coffee. 
This machine is exhibited at work hull- 
ing coffee at the Brazilian Government 
Building. 



Kerber, Ernesto, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Press and Mill for Manioc Flour. 

Lessa, Carlos, S. Paulo. 

Coffee Roaster. 
Also exhibited at the Government Build- 
ing of Brazil. 



Santos, Leopoldo dos, 
Press. 



S. Paulo. 



Sanders, F., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Presses for Manioc Flour. 



Stamato, Raphael, 

Press for Sugar. 



S. Paulo. 



S. Paulo. 



Santangelo, Pedro A., 

Machine for Coffee. 
This interesting machine is also on 
exhibition at work at the Brazilian Gov- 
ernment Building. 



GROUP 80. 

Fertilizers. 



Bahia. 



Ferreira, Dr. Jose Duarte, 

Guano, Black and White. 
Guano is abundant along the southern 
coast of Bahia and on the Abrolhos Is- 
lands. 



Isola, Joaquim, 

Chemical Fertilizer. 



S. Paulo. 



119- 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-CONTINUED 



Marchesini, FrateMi, 

Chemical Fertilizers. 



S. Paulo. 



GROUP 81, 
Tobacco* 



Aguiar & Co., J. G., Amazonas. 

Vegetable Cigarette Wrappers. 



Azevedo & Co., 
Tobacco. 

Argollo Cardoso & Co., 
Tobacco. 

Aguiar, Domingos V. de, 
Tobacco. 



Pernambuco. 
Bahia. 
Bahia. 
Bahia. 



Agricultura, Secretaria da, 
Tobacco. 
Bahia is celebrated for its fine tobacco 
and specially for its cigars, which are 
exported in immense quantities to Eu- 
rope. 

Andrade & Andrade, Minas Geraes. 

Cigarettes and Tobacco. 
One of the best factories in Brazil, and 
situated in one of the finest regions of 
the country for tobacco. 

Altenburgo & Co., Rodolpho, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Cigars and Tobacco. 



Blumenau, E. Agronomica, 
Cigars and Tobacco. 

Blumenau, Soc. Agricola 
Tobacco. 



Sta. Catharina. 



Sta. Catharina. 



Bastos, Jose Goncalves, Amazonas. 

Tobacco and Cigarettes. 

Borba, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Tobacco and Cigarettes. 



Barros, Antonio Paes de, 
Tobacco. 

Bastos, J. R., 
Tobacco. 

Borges Paula & Co., 
Cigarettes. 

Blumenau, Municipio de, 
Cigars. 



Matto Grosso 
Maranhao. 

Bahia. 

Sta. Catharina. 
Bahia. 



Costa Ferreira & Penna, 
Cigars. 
This firm manufactures some of the 
Inst brands of cigars in Brazil. 



Carvalho, Adolpho C, 
Cigarettes. 

Campos & Co., 
Tobacco. 



Minas Geraes. 
Piauhy. 



Com. M. de Codajaz, Amazonas. 

Vegetable Cigarette Wrappers. 



Com. M. de Itacoatiara 
Tobacco. 



Couto, Joaquim, 
Tobacco. 



Amazonas. 
Rio Grande do Sul. 
Amazonas. 



Com. M. de Parintins, 
Tobacco. 

Correia & Co., J. Francisco, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Cigarettes and Tobacco. 
The most important establishment of 
its kind in Rio de Janeiro. 



Com. do Estado, 
Tobacco. 



Parana. 



Curytibanos, Commissao de, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Tobacco. 

Danneman & Co., Bahia. 

Tobacco, Cigars and Photographs. 
The oldest and one of the principal 
cigar factories in Brazil. 

Domingos, Martins & Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Tobacco and Cigarettes. 



Fiuza & Co., 
Tobacco. 



Parahyba. 



Feira de Sant' Anna, C. Municipal, 
Tobacco. 



Firmino, Joao, 
Tobacco. 

Guimaraes, Augusto O. M. 

Tobacco. 

Guedes, Pedro Augusto, 
Tobacco. 

Guimaraes, Joaquim G., 
Tobacco. 



Bahia. 
Parahyba. 



Maranhao. 



Minas Geraes. 



Parana. 



Hartmann Sobrinho, Jacob, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Tobacco. 

Havaneza, Casa, Amazonas. 

Tobacco and Cigarettes. 



Jequie, C. Municipal, 
Tobacco. 



Bahia. 



Bahia. 



Leite & Alves, 

Cicarettes. 
One of the most important cigarette 
factories of Brazil. 



Mendes Correa & Co. 
Tobacco. 



Para. 



-120 



Moereira & Co., 
Tobacco. 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-CONTINUED 
Pernambuco. 



Mendes & Santos, 
Tobacco. 

Miranda, Aristides de 
Cigars. 

Muller, Jorge, 
Tobacco. 



Minas Geraes. 
, S. Paulo. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



Monteiro, Simao, Moreno, 

Rio Grande do Sul 
Tobacco. 



Magalhaes, Carlos B., 
Tobacco. 

Oliveira, Joao, Antonio, 
Tobacco. 

Paula Bastos & Co., 
Tobacco. 

Pacheco, Manoel, 

ClGAKETTES. 



S. Paulo. 

Parana. 

Parahyba. 

Bahia. 



Pereira, Col. A. Ribeiro, Minas Geraes. 
Tobacco. 

Porto & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Tobacco. 

Poock & Co., Rio Grande, do Sul. 

and Bahia. 
Cigars. 
This is at the present time the best 
cigar factory in Brazil. 

Pereira, Fellipe S., Pernambuco. 

Cigars and Cigarettes. 

Ribeiro, Tomaz de Aquino, 

Minas Geraes. 
Tobacco. 

Ribeiro, Arthur Tiburcio, Minas Geraes. 
Tobacco. 

Rhode, H., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Cigars. 

Rodrigues, Joao Freire, Parana. 

Tobacco. 

Roerbel, Jose P. A., Parana. 

Tobacco and Cigars. 

Siqueira & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Tobacco. 

Silva, Dr. Alexandre C. da, 
Tobacco. 

Stumpe & Studer, 
Tobacco. 

Scarpa, Joao Baptista, 
Tobacco. 



Bahia. 
Bahia. 
Minas Geraes. 



Soares, Antonio Jose, 
Tobacco. 

Lourenco, Manger, 
Tobacco. 

Lopes, Laurindo, 
Cigarettes. 

Camargo, Pedro de A. 
Tobacco. 



Minas Geraes. 

Parana. 

Parana. 

S. Paulo. 



Santos, Thomaz Rodrigues dos, 

Minas Geraes. 
Tobacco. 

Silveira & Co., Amaro da, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Tobacco and Cigarettes. 

Stone & Filhos, Amazonas. 

Tobacco and Cigarettes. 



Seidel, Francisco, 
Tobacco. 



Parana. 



Silveira & Co., Amaro da, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Tobacco and Cigarettes. 

Simoes & Co., Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Tobacco. 



GROUP 82. 

Appliances and Methods Used in Agricultural 
Industries, 

Rio Janiero Flour Mills and Granaries, 
Ld., Federal Capital. 

Photographs of Mills. 



GROUP 83. 

Theory of Agriculture — Agricultural Statistics. 

Agricultura, Secretaria da, S. Paulo. 

Photographs and Maps of Farms 
and Statistical Albums, Books. 
Charts, Etc. 

Agronomico, Instituto, S. Paulo. 

Analyses of Soils of Various Ag- 
ricultural Products and of Fertil- 
izers. 

Geologica, Com., S. Paulo. 

Map Showing the Coffee Region 
of the State. 

S. Joao da Montanha, Escola A., S. Paulo. 
Relief Map of the State. 



121- 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE— CONTINUED 



GROUP 84, 

Vegetable Food Products— Agricultural Seeds, 

Arruda, Dr. Joao B. de O., S. Paulo. 

Cereals. 

Aubert, Pedro, 
Rice. 

Agricultura, Sec. da, 
Oils, Cereals. 

Amaral, Dr. Octavio, 
Wheat. 

Antartica, Comp., 

Hops and Rice. 



Flores, Joao de D., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Corn. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 

Bahia. 

Parana. 

S. Paulo. 



Antonio, Commissao de Sto., Parana. 

Beans and Rice. 



Amaral, Jose do, 
Beans. 



Parana. 



Berenstein, Carlos, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Cereals and Bird Seed. 



Iguassu, Com. de, 
Rice. 

Blumenau, E. A. de, 
Wheat. 

Blumenau, Soc. A., 
Cereals. 

Bobrowski, Augusto, 
Oats. 

Balzola, Padre, 



Sta. Catharina. 

Sta. Catharina. 

Sta. Catharina. 

Parana. 

Matto Grosso. 



Cereals and Beans, Etc. 

Bajio, Auello, Parana. 

Beans. 

Bove, A., S. Paulo. 

Rye. 

Castro, Commissao de, Parana. 

Beans and Rice. 

Calietal, Joao, Parana. 

Barley. 

Curityba, Commissao de, Parana. 

Rice, Wheat and Barley. 

Calitak, Joao, Parana. 

Barley and Rye. 

Centro do Commercio de Cereaes, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Cereals. 



Cerqueira Lima, Viuva, 
Cocoa. 

Ennert, Jorge, 
Corn. 



Bahia. 
Rio Grande do Sul. 



Feira de Sant' Anna, C. Municipal, 
Cereals. 



Freitas, Diogo A. de, 
Wheat. 



Bahia. 
Parana. 



Grieleler, Bernardo, Rio Grande do SuL 
Peas and Barley. 

Garibaldi, C. Municipal de, 

Rio Grande do SuL 
Cereals and Beans. 



Goncalves, Umbelino, 
Cocoa. 

Guimaraes, Joao G., 
Rice. 

Haluch, Pedro, 
Wheat. 

Haner, Roberto, 
Rye. 

Itacoatiara, Intend, de, 
Cereals. 

Junta Commercial de Manaos, 
Cocoa and Creals. 

Jequie, C. Municipal, 

Forage. 



Bahia. 

Parana. 

Parana. 

Parana. 

Amazonas. 

Amazonas. 
Bahia. 



Kohlausch, Filho, Pedro, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Cereals. 

Leder Sobrinho, Jose, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Oils. 



Lapa, Commisao, 

Beans and Rice. 



Parana. 



Mumbach, Umberto, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Beans. 



Mendes, Vasco, 
Beans. 

Mangold, G., 
Oils. 

Moscardi, Marianno, 
Corn. 

Moura, Brazilino, 
Soja. 



Muller & Irmao, Carlos, 
Bran. 

Maria, Joao, 
Beans. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Rio Grande do Sul. 

Parana. 

Parana. 

Parana. 

Parana. 



Froener, Augusto, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Beans. 



Opperman, Pedro, Rio Grande do SuL 

Oils and Beans. 

Paganello. Antonio, Rio Grande do SuL 

Bkans. 



122 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE- CONTINUED 



Porto Alegre, Commissao, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Beans and Cereals. 

Polaca, Com., Parana. 

Cereals. 

Palmeira, Commissao, de, Parana. 

Barley, Rye, Wheat. 

Ribas, Rodolpho de Macedo, Parana. 

Forage. 

Rollo, Agostinho J. Moreira, S. Paulo. 
Rice. 

Schell, Felisbina, Rio Grande do Sul. 

3eans. 



Schrammel, C. A. 

Seeds. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Streid, Leonardo, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Rice. 

Selbach, Junior, Jacob, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Cereals, Oils and Beans. 

Schrammel, C. Augusto, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Oils and Beans. 



Stumpe & Studer, 
Cocoa. 



Bahia. 



S. C. de Jesus Colonia, Matto Grosso. 
Cereals, Beans, Etc. 

Sertaosinho, C. M. de, S. Paulo. 

Beans. 

Souza, Jose Germano de, S. Paulo. 

Rice and Beans. 

Tavares, A. Pereira, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Beans. 



Valle, Jose, 

Sugar Cane. 

Weber, Carlos, 
Beans. 

Wildeberger & Co., 
Cocoa. 

Wittmann, Andre, 
Oils. 

Zacharias, A. F., 
Rice. 



Maranhao. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Bahia. 

Rio Grande do Sul 

S. Paulo. 



COFFEE EXHIBITORS. 



Bahia. 



Argollo, Cardoso & Co., 
Albuquerque, D, Mariana, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Avellar & Co., Minas Geraes. 

Araujo & Co., Eduardo, Rio de Janeiro. 
Alves Junior, Col. Joao Jose, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Aguas Claras, Barao de, Rio de Janeiro. 



Araujo & Co., Eduardo, Minas Geraes. 
Araujo Maia & Co., Minas Geraes, 

Abreu, Belchior Pimenta de, 

Minas Geraes. 
Arruda, Antonio Franco de, S. Paulo. 
Aranha, Silvino E. de Souza, S. Paulo. 
Avellar & Co., S. Paulo. 

Almeida, Joaquim T. Nogueira de, 

S. Paulo. 
Amaral, Carlos Alberto, 
Alvarenga, Dr. Antonio S. de, 
Almeida, Candido M. de, 
Almeida, D. Anna Egydia de, 
Adams, Dr. Hector de O., 
Accorsi, Egydio Irmaos, 
Almeida, Juliano M., 
Andrade, Eliziario F. de C, 
Arary, Baroneza de, 
Amaral Joao Soares, 
Aranha, Col. Jose Francisco, 
Avelino & Couto, 
Arruda, D. Maria L. de S., 
Andrade, Domingos Villela de, 
Almeida, Dr. Jose Cardozo, 
Andrade, Alexandre Villela de, 
Andrade, Andre Villela de, 
Abreu, Theodoro, 
Abreu, Col. M. Franco, 
Alves, Irmao, Rodrigues, 
Azevedo, M. Urbano, 
Alves, Col. Virgilio Rodrigues, 
Almeida, Joaquim de F. P. de, 
Azevedo, D. Maria Carolina, 
Andrade, Dr. Candido J. de, 
Agricultura, Secretaria da, 
Aguiar, Domingos V. de, 
Agricultura, Secretaria da 
Assis & Co., Teodorico, 
Antonina, Com. de, 
Alcantara, Aprigio S. de, 
Almeida, Luiz Alves de, 
Alves, Valdemiro P., 
Araujo & Co., Eduardo, 
Brazilian Commission, 

Photographs. 
Banco Hypothecario do 



S. Paulo 
S. Paulo, 
S. Paulo, 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 

Bahia. 

Bahia, 

, Amazonas. 

Minas Geraes. 

Parana. 

Bahia. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

Rio de Janeiro. 



Brazil, 
Rio de Janeiro. 

Banco Credito Real do Brazil, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Braga, Jose Ferreira Leal, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Barros, Col. A. B. Monteiro de, 

Minas Geraes. 

Boris Freres, Ceara. 

Barros & Martins, Monteiro de, S. Paulo. 

Barreto, Dr. Rodrigo Pereira, S. Paulo. 

Barros, Vicente Soares, 

Barros, Dr. Bento de, 

Botelho, Dr. Carlos J., 

Barros, Turibio Leite de, 

Branco, Col. Fredrico, 

Barreto, Dr. Augusto F. de M., 

Barao & Mattos, 

Borges, Joao B. de O., 

Bittencourt, Manoel I., 

Borba, Joao, 

Barros & Magalhaes, Irmaos, 

Barreto, Cap. Lucino M., 

Barreto, Cap. Leopoldo Vieira, 



s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 


s. 


Paulo 



- 123 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-CONTINUED 



Barros, M. Paula Leite de, S. Paulo. 

Brodes, Eduardo, S. Paulo. 

Barbosa. Joaquim Bueno, S. Paulo. 

Barros, Dr. Carlos Paes de, S. Paulo. 

Barros, Alonso Leite de, S. Paulo. 

Centro do Commercio de Cafe, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Correa & Co., Luiz, Rio de Janeiro. 

Chagas, D. Marianna, Minas Geraes. 

Comp. Oriente, Minas Geraes. 

Caire, Dr. Felippe A., Rio de Janeiro. 

Centro do Commercio de Cafe, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Coutinho Jannes Lixa & Co., 

S. Paulo. 
Coelho Duarte & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Conceicao, Dr. Francisco J., S. Paulo. 
Conceicao, Julio, S. Paulo. 

Cintra, Joao B., S. Paulo. 

Carvalho, Augusto T. de, S. Paulo. 

Conceicao & Filhos, S. Paulo. 

Canto, Col. J. Leite de, S. Paulo. 

Carvalho, Col. Bento J. de, S. Paulo. 

Cavalcanti, Arthur Furtado A., S. Paulo. 
Camargo, Col. Francisco Soares de, 

S Paulo. 
Colletes & Irmao, Serafim, S. Paulo. 

Cesarino, Jose, S. Paulo. 

Cesarino, Irmao & Co., S. Paulo. 

Camargo & Irmao, Francisco de, 

S. Paulo. 
Cintra, D. Angelica U., S. Paulo. 

Costa, Dr. Jambeiro, S. Paulo. 

Companhia Oriente, S. Paulo. 

Camargo & Genro, D. Maria L. N. de, 

S. Paulo. 
Carvalho, Col. Getulio de, S. Paulo. 

Correa, Domiciano J., S. Paulo. 

Cezar, Dr. Abelardo Cerqueira, 

S. Paulo. 
Camargo, Col. Joao Pereira de S., 

S. Paulo. 
Campos, Alvaro Pompeu Paes de, 

S. Paulo. 
Correa, Dr. Manoel da Silva, S. Paulo. 
Castro, Antonio Leoncio de, S. Paulo. 

Camargo Filho, Antonio J. de, S. Paulo. 
Campos, Teophilo A., S. Paulo. 

Clark, Roberto, S. Paulo. 

Camargo, Candido F. da Silva, 

S. Paulo. 
Castro & Irmao, Victorino, S. Paulo. 

Coelho, Germano Jose, S. Paulo. 

Carvalho D. Maria A. da Cunha, 

S. Paulo. 
Camargo, Col. Floriano A. de S., 

S. Paulo. 
Cunha, Francisco Pinto da, S. Paulo. 

Camargo, Eugenio F. de, S. Paulo. 

Carvalho, Cap. Pedro A. de, S. Paulo. 

Campos, Americo Rocha, S. Paulo. 

Citro, K., S. Paulo. 

Camargo, D. Manoel Leite, S. Paulo. 

Cintra, Joaquim de A., S. Paulo. 

Correa, Prudente Jose, S. Paulo. 

Camargo, Floriano F., S. Paulo. 

Correa & Irmao, S. Paulo. 

Carvalho, Col. Joao Procopio A., 

S. Paulo. 



Cunha & Filho, 
Com. de Paranagua, 
Com. de Antonina, 
Com. de Quarakessaba, 
Com. de Castro, 
Com. de Morretes, 



S. Paulo. 
Parana. 
Parana. 
Parana. 
Parana. 
Parana. 



Caldas, Joaquim S. de C, Matto Grosso. 
Com. do Estado, Sta. Catharina. 

Couto, Col. Jeremias Corderro, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Carvalho & Co., L., Rio de Janeiro. 

Ciribelli Menezes & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 
Cortes, Col. Oscar T. de F., 

Minas Geraes. 
Carvalho & Co., L., Minas Geraes. 

Costa, Jose Ribeiro da, Minas Geraes. 
Campos, Leite de, S. Paulo. 

Cunha, Bueno & Co., S. Paulo. 

Carbone & Co., Fr. Puglizi, S. Paulo. 

Duarte & Co., Minas Geraes. 

Duque Estrada & Co., Cezar, 

Minas Geraes. 
Dias Garcia & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Dias Garcia & Co., Minas Geraes. 

Dias, Pio de Souza, Minas Geraes. 

Dumont, Comp. Agric. Fazenda, 

S. Paulo. 
Diehl, Felippe Jacob, S. Paulo. 

Diederichsen & Jordao, S. Paulo. 

Dias, Cap. Candido de Souza, S. Paulo. 
Dias, Telophilo Custodio, S. Paulo. 

Dias Junior, Vicente, S. Paulo. 

Dias, Alipio Luiz, S. Paulo. 

Dias, Honorio Luiz, S. Paulo. 

Dias, Manoel Ribeiro, S. Paulo. 

Esteves, D. Maria F. Pimentel, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Egydio, Dr. Olavo, S. Paulo. 

Ellis & Netto, S. Paulo. 

Egydio & Irmao, Pedro, S. Paulo. 

Esteves, Joao, S. Paulo. 

Fazenda S. Jose do R. Preto, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Fazenda Colonia Rio Preto, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Fazenda Sant' Anna de Trez llhas, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Torres & Co., J. J., Rio de Janeiro. 

Fazenda Bom Retiro, Minas Geraes. 

Fontes, Luiz Goncalves, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Fernandes, Vellozo & Co., 

Minas Geraes. 
Goulart, Honorio J. de Andrada, 

Minas Geraes. 
Ferraz, Joaquim Dias, Minas Geraes. 

Fernandes Velloso & Co., 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Figueiredo, Joao Urbano de, 

Minas Geraes. 
Fazenda, de S. Martinho, Penha Longa. 

Minas Geraes. 
Figueiredo, Col. Jose Ferreira de, 

S. Paulo. 
Ferreira Junior & Saraiva, S. Paulo. 

Fonseca, Joaquim Leite da. S. Paulo. 

Figueiredo, Col. Francisco Garcia de. 

S. Paulo. 
Ferraz, J. Elias, S. Paulo. 



124- 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-CONTINUED 



Franco, A. da Silveira, S. Paulo. 

Fonseca & Lara, S. Paulo. 

Ferraz, D. Marianna L. de F., S. Paulo. 

Ferreira, D. Iria Alves, S. Paulo. 

Faria, Jose Pedro, S. Paulo. 

Ferreira, Isaias Jose, S. Paulo. 

Fagundes, Domiciano, S. Paulo. 

Ferreira & Co., Silva, S. Paulo. 

Fontini, N., S. Paulo. 

Ferreira, Joao Candido A., S. Paulo. 

Ferreira, J. Vicente de Q., S. Paulo. 

Franco, Dr. Antonio de S., S. Paulo. 

Fontes, Jose A. Correa, S. Paulo. 

Ferraz, Joao L. Sampaio, S. Paulo. 

Fernandes Moreira & Co., S. Paulo. 

Guimaraes Goncalves & Co., 

Minas Geraes. 

Garcia Pereira & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Guimaraes, Joao, Rio de Janeiro. 

Garcia, Candido Pereira, Rio de Janeiro. 

Garcia Junior, Manoel Luiz, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Junqueira, Dr. Alberto Diniz, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Goncalves, Gregorio Jose, Minas Geraes. 
Gouveia Brandao & Co., Minas Geraes. 
Guimaraes, Domingos da Silva, 

Minas Geraes. 
Gomes, Francisco Braz P., Minas Geraes. 
Garcia, Francisco Pereira, S. Paulo. 

Goes, Jose Sampaio, S. Paulo. 

Godoy, Arthur A., de, S. Paulo. 

Gomes, Bento, S. Paulo. 

Guimaraes Goncalves & Co., S. Paulo. 
Guimaraes, Ovidio Ferreira, S. Paulo. 

Goncalves, F. T., Sta. Catharina. 

Horta Santos & Co., M. Guimaraes, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Hellwig & Co., Carl, S. Paulo. 

Heralle & Siqueira, S. Paulo. 

Horn, Eduardo, Sta. Catharina. 

Johnston & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Jordao, Joao do Prado, Rio de Janeiro. 
Junqueira, Gabriel de Andrade, 

Minas Geraes. 
Junqueira, Joao, Baptista, S. Paulo. 

Jundiahy, Baroneza de, S. Paulo. 

Janqueira, Luiz M. Diniz, S. Paulo. 

Jaquariahyva, Com. de, Parana. 

Lutterbach, Antonio, Rio de Janeiro. 

Lessa, Armindo, Rio de Janeiro. 

Leite, Albino Cerqueira, Minas Geraes. 
Lisboa, Jose Vicente X., Minas Geraes. 
Lima, Antonio de Freitas, 

Minas Geraes. 
Lutterbach & Co., Monnerat, 

Minas Geraes. 
Lima, Francisco A. de Freitas, 

Minas Geraes. 
Leme, Octavio da Silva, S. Paulo. 

Lima, Arthur C. de A., S. Paulo. 

Lara, Jose Martins de, S. Paulo. 

Lara, Joao de Toledo, S. Paulo. 

Lima, Col. Jose Pereira, S. Paulo. 

Lapa, Col. A. Carlos Amaral, S. Paulo. 
Leite, D. Flora de A., S. Paulo. 

Leite, Francisco Jose, S. Paulo. 

Lacerda, D. Anna M. de, S. Paulo. 

Lacerda & Piza, S. Paulo. 



Lima, Cap. Joao Ferraz de, S. Paulo. 

Leite, Dr. Hormindo, S. Paulo. 

Limeira, Baroneza de, S. Paulo. 

Leme, Jose de Salles, S. Paulo. 

Leite, Antonio C. de A., S Paulo. 

Lima, Dr. Luiz Zacharias de, S. Paulo. 

McKinley, Schmidt & Co., 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Martins & Valle, Rio de Janeiro. 

Moraes, Col. Vicente Ferreira de, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Marinho Pinto & Co., Minas Geraes, 

McKinley Schmidt & Co., Minas Geraes. 

Mello, Senador Baptista de, Minas Geraes. 

Mattos & Co., Monteiro, Espirito Santo. 

Marques, Augusto B., S. Paulo. 

Moraes, Manoel de, S. Paulo. 

Mascarehas, Joao de Paula, S. Paulo. 

Martins, Domingos Jose, S. Paulo. 

Marques, Vicente T., S. Paulo. 

Moraes, Col. Fabiano S. de, S. Paulo. 

Maciel, Dr. Teophilo, S. Paulo. 

Moreira, Eduardo de Godoy, S. Paulo. 

Meyer, Dr. Victor, S. Paulo. 

Machado, Dr. J. A. M., S. Paulo. 

Meirelles, Severino de Souza, 

S. Paulo. 

Mourao, J. Leme, S. Paulo. 

Magalhaes, Carlos B. de, S. Paulo. 

Maniquarto, Jose, Parana. 

Marcondes, Manoel F. de Moura, 

S. Paulo. 

Miranda, Dr. Leopoldo N. da R., 

S. Paulo. 
Melchert, Carles, S. Paulo. 

Motta & Filho, Viuva, S. Paulo. 

Motta, J. Ribeiro de Oliveira, 

S. Paulo. 
Maia, Orozimbo, S. Paulo. 

Macedo, Antonio Barbosa, S. Paulo. 

Martins, Viuva Baptista, S. Paulo. 

Martins & Almeida, Victor, S. Paulo. 

Martins de Almeida & Co., S. Paulo. 

Monteiro, Cap. Urias A., S. Paulo. 

Martins & Irmao, S. Paulo. 

Marques, Cap. Joao Candido, S. Paulo. 
Monerat, Jose Constancio, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Miranda Jordao & Co., Minas Geraes. 
Mayrink, Joao de Lellis, Minas Geraes. 
Miranda, F. Valverde de, Minas Geraes. 
Martins Frazao & Canellas, 

Minas Geraes. 
Moreira, Joaquim Silverio, Minas Geraes. 
Moreira, Joaquim L. de Souza, 

Minas Geraes. 
Machado Guimaraes Fermandes & Co., 

Minas Geraes. 
Monteiro Mattos & Co., Minas Geraes. 
Mendonca, Francisco F. de, 

Minas Geraes. 
Monteiro, Cornelio de Paula, 

Minas Geraes. 
Moreira, Dr. Delfim, Rio de Janeiro. 

Maia & Co., Araujo, Minas Geraes. 

Malta & Cerquinho, S. Paulo. 

Moraes, Feliciano F. de, Rio de Janeiro. 
Martins, Alfredo Lopes, Rio de Janeiro. 



125- 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE— CONTINUED 



Moraes Junior, Antonio Rodrigues, 

S. Paulo. 
Moraes, Elias A. de, Rio de Janeiro. 

Machado, Francisco Salles V., 

Espirito Santo. 
Machado, Augusto F., Rio de Janeiro. 
Martins, Joao de Moraes, Rio de Janeiro. 
Monnerat, Col. Jose, Rio de Janeiro. 

Miranda, Francisco Valverde de, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Montes & Co., J., Rio de Janeiro. 

Menezes, Manoel Joaquim de, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Martins & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 

Martins Frazao & Constancio, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Mello, Jose Soares de, S.Paulo. 

Mazagao, Thiago, S. Paulo. 

Mello, Francisco P. de S., S. Paulo. 

Navega, Jose Pinheiro, S. Paulo. 

Nogueira, Pedro de Almeida, 

Minas Geraes. 
Novaes, D. Francisca Dias, S. Paulo. 

Nogueira, Tourville, S. Paulo. 

Nogueira, Manoel Victor, S. Paulo. 

Nogueira, Jose Paulino, S. Paulo. 

Netto, Porfirio Moreira, S. Paulo. 

Oliveira, Joaquim Candido de, S. Paulo. 
Oliveira & Barros, S. Paulo. 

Oliveira Monteiro & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 
Old Fazenda Coffee, S. Paulo. 

Oliveira, Albino J. Barbosa, S. Paulo. 

Oliveira & Irmao, Barbosa de, S. Paulo. 
Oliveira Sobrinho, Raphael de, S. Paulo. 
Pamplona & Fortes, Rio de Janeiro. 

Poubel, Augusto, Rio de Janeiro. 

Pinheiro & Ladeira, Rio de Janeiro. 

Passos Junior, Joaquim Antonio dos, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Pombo, Jose da Rocha, S. Paulo. 

Pinho & Co., Manoel, Rio de Janeiro. 

Pinheiro & Ladeira, Minas Geraes. 

Pinto, Alexandre Francisco, 

Minas Geraes. 
Pupo, Francisco de Salles, S. Paulo. 

Penteado, Ignacio, S. Paulo. 

Pinto, Dr. Luiz Augusto, S. Paulo. 

Patto & Irmao, Monteiro, S. Paulo. 

Pedreira, Innocencio B., S. Paulo. 

Padua, F. Pimenta de, S. Paulo. 

Padua, D. Cidalia P. de, S. Paulo. 

Penteado, Col. Antonio, S. Paulo. 

Pimentel, Antonio P. R., S. Paulo. 

Penteado & Irmao, Eliziario, S. Paulo. 
Paula, D. Maria C. Teixeira ere, 

S. Paulo. 
Penteado, Jose de Camargo, S. Paulo. 

Pinheiro, Oliverio F., S. Paulo. 

Palma, Antonio Vieira de A., S. Paulo. 
Penteado, Col. Pedro, S. Paulo. 

Pupo, Ignacio da S., S. Paulo. 

Penteado, Col. Joao C. Leite, S. Paulo. 
Paranapanema, Baroneza de, S Paulo. 
Piza & Irmao, Tabda, S. Paulo. 

Pinheiro, D. Emilia P., S. Paulo. 

Penteado & Serra, S. Paulo. 

Pinho & Co., Manoel, S. Paulo. 

Paranagua, Com. de, Parana. 

Queiroz Moreira & Co., S. Paulo. 



Queiroz, Dr. Jose de Souza, S. Paulo. 
Queiroz, Antonio de Souza, S. Paulo. 

Queiroz, Luiz A. le Souza, S. Paulo. 

Queiroz, Dr. Francisco A. de Souza, 

S. Paulo. 
Rodrigues, Dr. Manoel Orlando, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Rezende, Domingos Ribeiro de, 

Minas Geraes. 
Ribeiro, Matheus, Rio de Janeiro. 

Ribeiro, Cap. Jose Balbino, Minas Geraes. 
Reis, Andre Fernandes dos, Minas Geraes. 
Ribeiro, Antonio Constantino, 

Minas Geraes. 
Ribeiro, Josue Leite, Minas Geraes. 

Rosa, Bibiano F. da, Minas Geraes. 

Ribeiro, Antonio Olyntho, Minas Geraes. 
Renno Junior, Antonio J., Minas Geraes. 
Rosa, A. Ferreira da, S. Paulo. 

Romano & Irmaos, S. Paulo. 

Ramos, Dr. Francisco Ferreira, 

S. Paulo. 
Rezende & Meirelles, S. Paulo. 

Rios, D. Maria A. de Gouveia, S. Paulo. 
Rinaldi, Miguel A., S. Paulo. 

Rocha, Antonio Carlos da, S. Paulo. 

Ribeiro, Amancio, S. Paulo. 

Ribeirao Preto, Comp. Agric, S. Paulo. 
Souza, Cap. Benigno P. de, Bahia. 

Sant' Anna, C. M. Feira de, Bahia. 

Santa Fe, Fazenda, Minas Geraes. 

Silveira, Eugenio Tristao, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Sucena, Vicente Ferreira, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Santos & Rego, Rio de Janeiro. 

Souza, Jose Firmino V. de, Minas Geraes. 
Senna & Carvalho, Minas Geraes. 

Santos & Rego, Minas Geraes. 

Silva & Co., Jose, Minas Geraes. 

Silva, Joaquim Meirelles da, 

Minas Geraes. 
Santiago Junior, Col. Joao Carneiro, 

Minas Geraes. 
Soares, Jose de Lacerda, S. Paulo. 

Siqueira, Cap. Joao Ferraz de, 

S. Paulo. 
Souza, Col. Urias Carlos de, S. Paulo. 
Silva, Cap. Manoel Jayme de M., 

S. Paulo. 
Souza, Col. Florencio Carlos de, 

S. Paulo. 
Santos, Dr. J. Ribeiro de A., 

S. Paulo. 
Salles, Dr. Joaquim de, S. Paulo. 

Souza, Col. Joaquim Leite de, 

S. Paulo. 
Siqueira, Col. Delphino M. de, 

S. Paulo. 
Santos, Joao Affonso, S. Paulo. 

Silva, J. C. I., S. Paulo. 

Salles, Dr. Antonio de Padua, 

S. Paulo. 
Sampaio, Col. Jose Ferraz, S. Paulo. 
Sampaio, Sebastiao Ferraz, S. Paulo. 

Soares, Dr. Joao Teixeira, Minas Geraes. 
Sertaosinho, C. Municipal de, S. Paulo. 
S. Simao, C. Municipal de, S. Paulo. 

Souza & Co., S. Paulo. 



126 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE- CONTINUED 



S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 



Souza & Filho, Viuva, 

Souza, Braulio Rodrigues, 

Silva, Dr. Carolino F. da, 

Silva, Jose Pedroso, 

Sampaio, Jose Rodrigues, 

Sampaio, F. Domingues, 

Sampaio, Affonso B. de A. 

Souza, Antonio Correa de, 

Santos, Virginio P. dos, 

Sampaio, Joaquim B. de A., 

Schmidt, Francisco, 

Soares, D. Presciliana O., 

Sattamini & Co., Francisco, 
Torres & Co., J. J., Minas Geraes. 

Teixeira, D. Anna Alves, Minas Geraes. 
Tostes, Candido Teixeira, Minas Geraes. 

Teixeira Junior, Col. Jose, S. Paulo. 

Tautuhy, Baroneza de, S. Paulo. 

Telles, Felippe Barbosa, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Uchoa, Dr. Ignacio Mendonca, S. Paulo. 
Vellozo & Co., Fernandes, 

Espirito Santo. 
Vergueiro, D. Leonina Mendes, 

S. Paulo. 
Val, D. Francisca Silveira do, S. Paulo. 
Villas Boas Sobrinho, Col. A. Jose, 

S. Paulo. 
Valle, Joaquim A. R. do, 
Vieira, Francisco Gomes, 
Vellozo & Irmao, Leao, 
Vieira & Moura, 
Wille & Co., Teodor, 
Weber, F. Monteiro, 



S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 
Parana. 



GROUP 85. 

Animal Food Products. 



Ayrosa, Theodoro Marcos, 



Sta. Catharina. 



Lakd. 



Antunes & Co., Luiz, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Lakd. 



Arnt & Co. 

Lard. 



Aubert, Eugenio, 

Lard and Oils. 



E., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Amazonas. 



Andrade & Co., Mario, 
Butter. 

Azevedo & Co., 

Butter. 



Minas Geraes. 
Minas Geraes. 



Carmo do Rio Claro, Fabrica do, 

Minas Geraes. 
Butter. 

Carmo do Rio Verde, Fabrica do, 

Minas Geraes. 

Butter. 

Carvalho, Col. Antonio Moreira de, 

Minas Geraes. 
Butter. 



Duque, Antonio Jose 
Butter. 

Einloft, G., 

Butter. 

Elijalde & Co., 
Lard. 



Minas Geraes. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



Fortes, Dr. Carlos da Silva, 

Minas Geraes. 
Butter. 



Guedes, Alipio, 
Cheese. 



Minas Geraes. 



Greco & Co., Nicola, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Lard. 

Gomes & Co., Otero, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Lard. 

Kohlrausah & Co., Pedro, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Lard. 

Mantiqueira, Comp. Lacticinios, 

Minas Geraes. 
Butter. 

Machado, Zeferino, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Lard. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Minas Geraes. 
Pinho & Filhos, Manoel, 



Oderich & Co., A., 
Lard. 

Pontalete, Fabrica do, 
Butter. 



Sta. Catharina. 



Lard. 



Renner & Co., Jacob, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Lard. 



Souza, Jose Dias, 

Lard. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Traituba, Fabrica de Lacticinios da, 

Minas Geraes. 
Butter. 

Uniao da Banha, Fabrica, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Lard. 



GROUP 86. 



Equipments and Methods Employed in the 
Preparation of Foods. 

Fischer, Bertolo, S. Paulo. 

Machine for Food Pastes. 

Itaicy, Usina, Matto Grosso. 

Photographs of Sugar Factory. 

Lischi, Bertolo, S. Paulo. 

Machine for Italian Pastes. 



127- 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE- CONTINUED 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



GROUP 87, 
Farinaceous Products and their Derivatives. 

Bahia 



Argollo, Cardoso & Co., 

Cassava and Tapioca 

Agricultura, Sec. da, 

Flour and Starch. 



Bahia. 



Assis. Francisco de, Maranhao. 

Starch and Farinaceous Products. 



Albino & Co. 
Flour. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Aurvalle, Samuel, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Pastes. 

Antunes & Co., Luiz, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Flour. 



Azevedo, Leonel, 
Starch. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Amazonas. 



Albuquerque, M. A. de, 
Banana Flour. 

Almeida Filho, Joao B. de, 

Matto Grosso. 
Flour and Starch. 

Antonina, Commissao, Parana. 

Starch and Corn Flour. 



Andrade. Aureliano, 
Corn Flour. 



Parana. 



Altenourgo & Co., Rodolpho, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Flour. 

Berenstein, Carlos, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Corn Flour. 

Beckman, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Flour and Starch. 



Baptista & Irmao, Sebastiao, 

Farinaceous Products. 

Bueno, Anacleto P., 
Corn Flour. 



Amazonas. 



Parana. 



Curitibanos, Commissao de, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Corn Flour. 



Calais, Joao Ignacio, 
Manioc Flour. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Cunico & Irmao, Joao, Parana. 

Corn, Wheat and Rye Flour. 

Cordeiro, Arsenio Glz., Parana. 

Starch and Manioc Flour. 

Palmeira. C. M. de, 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



( 'hi i iL. 



Patrulha. Commissao da. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
( JOFFEE. 



Pereira, Joao, 
Sugar. 

Pellegrini, Alfredo, 
Preserves. 

Parintins, Com. de, 
Chocolate. 

Ploeterle, Frederico, 
Confectionery. 

Quissama, E. Central, 
Sugar. 

Riachuelo, Engenho, 
Sugar. 

Riachuelo, E. Central, 
Sugar. 

Recurso, Engenho, 
Sugar. 

Correa, Ladislao, 

Manioc Flour 

Darrick, P., 
Flour. 



S. Paulo. 

Amazonas. 

S. Paulo. 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Parahyba. 

Sergipe. 

Maranhao. 

Parana. 

Parana. 



Florianopolis, Commissao de, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Farinaceous Products. 

Grimaldi, Natale, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Food Produuts. 



Guarakessaba, Commissao de, 
Manioc Flour 



Parana. 



Humayta, Intend, do, Amazonas. 

Banana Flour and Arrow Root 
Flour. 

Jequie, C. Municipal, Bahia. 

Tapioca Flour and Starch. 

Kilian, Francisco, Parana. 

Starch and Corn Flour. 

Lempintz, Emilo, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Corn Flour. 



Leite, Pedro, 
Starch. 

Morretes, Com. de. 

Banana Flour. 

Maria Luiza, Colonia, 
Qulxera. 



Parana. 
Parana. 
Parana. 



Nina, Heracalito, Maranhao. 

Starch and Farinaceous Products. 

Moinho Rio Grandense. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
F] OUR. 



Manaos. Intend, de. 
Pastes. 



Netto. Manoel de Macedo. 
Rice Starch. 



Amazonas. 
Parana. 



128 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE— CONTINUED 



Patrulha, Commissao da, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Flour. 

Porto Alegre, Commissao, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Flour. 

Rio Janeiro Flour Mills & Granaries Ld., 
Rio de Janeiro. 
Farinaceous Products. 



Rio Grande, Com. de 
Flour. 



Reis, A. M., 

Italian Food Pastes. 



Redel, Joao, 

Corn Flour. 



Rio Negro, Com. do, 
Corn Flour. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Amazonas. 
Rio Grande do Sul. 

Parana. 

Parana. 



Suplicy, Arthur, 

Corn Flour and Starch. 

Sant' Anna, Com. de F. de, Bahia. 

Manioc and Tapioca Flour and 
Starch. 

Simoni, Paulo, Minas Geraes. 

Italian Food Pastes. 

Silva, F. de Assis e, Maranhao. 

Starch and Farinaceous Products. 

Schmidt, Sebastiao M., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Flour. 

S. Jose dos Pinhaes, Commissao de, 

Parana. 
Flour and Cereals. 



Silva, J. J. Xavier da, 
Manioc Flour. 

Silva, Manoel X. da, 
Flour. 



Parana. 
Parana. 



Tavares, A. Pereira, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Starch. 



Todeschini & Irmao, Raphael, 



Parana. 



Pastes. 



Vieira, Casa, 

Banana Flour. 



Amazonas. 



Walter, Guilherme F., Sta. Catharina. 
Starch and Arrow Root Flour. 



GROUP 88, 
Bread and Pastry. 
Andrade, D. B. Meirelles de, 
Biscuits and Cakes. 



Leal Santos & Co., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Biscuits. 

Neugebauer & Irmao, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Biscuits. 

Oliveira & Co., Luiz da Fonseca, 

Pernambuco. 
Biscuits. 



Peres, Herdeiros, J. F., 
Biscuits. 



S. Paulo. 



Riffe & Co., Oscar, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Biscuits. 



Reichert & Irmao, 
Biscuits. 

Vottas & Co., Giovanni 
Biscuits. 



S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 



Amazonas. 



GROUP 89. 
Preserved Meat, Fish, Vegetables and Fruit. 

Andrade & Andrade, Minas Geraes. 

Preserved Fruits. 

Agricultura, Sec. da, Bahia. 

Fruits. 

Antonina, Commissao de, Parana. 

Preserved Fish, Etc. 

Batalha, Joao, Para. 

Preserved Fruits. 

Brito, C. F. Xavier de, Pernambuco. 

Preserved Fruits. 

Barbosa, Loureiro & Co., Pernambuco. 
Preserved Fruits. 

Costa & Co., Amorim, Pernambuco. 

Preserved Vegetables. 

Conservas Alimenticias, Comp. M. de, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Preserved Meats. Vegetables and 
Fruits. 

Cibillis, Fabrica, Matto Grosso. 

Preserved Meats and Extracts. 

Callo & Co., E. L., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Preserved Meats. 

Com. do Estado, Amazonas. 

Dried Fish and Flour made from 
Dried Fish. 

Drummer, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Preserved Fruits. 

Francisco, Commissao de S., 

Sta. Catharina. 
Preserved Shrimps. 

Fabre & Co., Paul, S. Paulo. 

Assorted Fruit. 

Guedes, Francisco P. L., Para. 

Preserved Fruits. 



129- 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-CONTINUED 



Leal, Santos & Co., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Peeserved Meats and Fish. 



Cardoso & Co., F. Amaral, 



Moura, Padre Joao C. de, 



Preserved Fruits. 



Pernambuco. 



Machado, D. D. Ermelinda & Amalia, 

Maranhao. 

Preserved Fruits. 

Oderich & Co., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Preserved Chicken. 

Paredao, Estabelecimento do, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Preserved Meats and Vegetables. 



Perdigao, Domingos C, 
Preserved Fruits. 

Pinho & Filhos, 

Preserved Meats. 



Maranhao. 
Sta. Catharina. 



GROUP 90, 



Sugar and Confectionery — Condiments and 
Relishes. 



Assu da Torre, Barao de. 
Sugar, 



Bahia. 



Aguiar, Domingos Valente de, Bahia. 
Sugar. 

Altenburgo & Co., Rodolpho, 

Sta. Catharina. 

Preserves. 



Antonina, Com. de, 
Matte. 

Amaral, Evaristo T.. 



Parana. 



Rio Grande do Sul 



Matte. 
Almeida Filho, Joao B. de, 

Condiments. 

Azevedo, B. R. de, 
Matte. 

Bottentuit, Paulo, 
Sugar. 



Matto Grosso. 

Parana. 

Maranhao. 



Boening, Henrique, Rio Grande do Sul. 
COFFEE AND Sticks. 

Barboza, Theodore Rio Grande do Sul. 
SUGAB. 

Baptista & Irmao, F.. Amazonas. 

Chocolate. 

Berger, Augusto. Amazonas. 

Molasses v.nd Sybups. 

Boa Vista, Fazenda, Amazonas. 

Peppeb and Pbepabations, Molas- 
ses AND PBESEBVES. 

Barros, Antonio Paes de, Matto Grosso. 
Si GAB. 



Pernambuco. 



Vinegar. 

Cezar & Co., Goncalves, 

Sugar. 

Com. do Estado, 

Pepper and Preserves 

Coreia, Victorino, 

Matte. 

Cavalcanti, D. Antonia, 
Fruit Preserves. 

Carneiro & Co., David, 

Matte. 

Frei Caneca, Colonia, 
Sugar. 



Fabre & Co., Paulo, 

Preserves. 



Bahia. 
Amazonas. 
Parana. 
Amazonas. 
Parana. 
Pernambuco. 
Sta. Catharina. 



Ferreira Junior & Saraiva. S. Paulo. 
Coffee and Sugar. 



Fincate & Co., Brunato, 
Confectionery. 

Fontana & Delia Marta, 
Coffee. 



S. Paulo. 
Parana. 



Joinville, Comp. Industrial, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Matte. 

Gianini & Co., Falki, S. Paulo. 

Confectionery and Chocolate. 



Governo do Estado, 
Vanilla. 

Guimaraes & Co., 
Matte. 

Haiser, Carlos, 
Coffee. 

Iguassu, Fabrica, 
Matte. 



Matto Grosso. 

Parana. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Parana. 



Industrial Pernambucana, Comp., 

Pernambuco. 
Sugar. 



Joao da Cruz, Viuva de 
Sugar. 



Kennig, Hugo, 
Vinegab. 



Maranhao. 
Rio Grande do Sul. 



Kruel & Kruel, 
Matte. 

Leite, Jose Pereira. 

Si CAR. 

Lima, Dr. Camara, 
SUGAB. 

Leao Junior, Agostinho, 
Al \ TTE. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 

Maranhao. 

Maranhao. 

Parana. 



130 



Macedo & Soares, 
Coffee. 

Morretes, Com. de, 
Coffee. 

Macedo & Filho, 

Coffee. 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE— CONTINUED 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



Parana. 
Parana. 
Parana. 



Matte Larangeira, Comp., Matto Grosso. 
Matte. 

Marques, A. Da Costa, Matto Grosso. 
Chocolate. 



Meneze, D. Catharina M. de, 
Fruit Preserves. 



Amazonas. 



Mendes, J. Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Preserves. 



Moreau, J., 
Matte. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Bahia. 



Moraes, Dr. Frederico R., 
Sugar. 

Magalhaes & Co., Marcolino, Bahia. 

Coffee, Chocolate and Sugar. 



Momm, Frederico, 
Vinegar. 

Melchert, Antonio C, 

Coffee and Sugar. 

Navarro, D. Anna, 

Sauces. 



Minas Geraes. 
S. Paulo. 
S. Paulo. 



N. S. Das Dores, Usina, Rio de Janeiro. 
Sugar. 

Oliveira, F. Leopoldino, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Coffee. 

Opperman, Pedro, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Matte. 

Olivera, J. Lourenco da S., Pernambuco. 
Sugar. 

Quissama, E. Central, Rio de Janeiro. 

Sugar. 



Silva, Affonso, 
Matte. 

Silva, Joao F., 
Teas. 



Parana. 



Serro Azul, Commissao de, Parana. 

Coffee. 



S. Lourenco, Colonta, 
Matte. 

S. Joao, E. Central, 
Sugar. 

Souza, Augusto O. de, 
Sugar. 

Santos Lima & Co., 
Chocolate. 

Sa Ribeiro & Co., 
Sugar. 

Tertuliano & Filhos, 

Sugar. 



Parana. 

Parahyba. 

Pernambuco. 

Maranhao. 

Bahia. 

Bahia. 



Valente, Paiva & Co., Amazonas. 

Preserves and Condiments. 



GROUP 91. 
Waters. 



Cardoso & Co., F., Amaral, Pernambuco. 
Carbonated Water. 



GROUP 92. 
Wines and Brandies. 



Amorim, Jose S., 
Brandy. 



Bahia. 



Altenburgo & Co., Rodolpho, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Wine. 



Artigas & Co., 
Brandy. 

Aubert, Eugenio, 
Brandy. 



S. Paulo. 



Amazonas. 



Riachuelo, Engenho, 
Sugar. 

Riachuelo, E. Central, 
Sugar. 

Recurso, Engenho, 

Sugar. 



Parahyba. Antonina, Commissao de, 

Brandy. 

Sergipe. Andrade, J. Sant' Anna, 

Brandy. 

Maranhao. Barroca, Custodio, 

Wine. 



Parana. 

Goyaz. 

Minas Geraes. 



Ramos, Bernardo, Amazonas. 

Preserves and Condiments. 



Brandao, Francisco Pinto, Rio de Janeiro. 
Brandy and Wives. 



Reichert & Irmaos, 
Confectionery 



S. Paulo. 



Sucreries, Villa Raffard, Societe Anony- 
me des, S. Paulo. 

Sugar and Photographs. 



Berger, Augusto, 
Brandy. 

Barros, Antonio Paes de, 
Brandy. 



Amazonas 



Matto Grosso. 



131 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE- CONTINUED 



Bonsolhos, D. Candida, 
Liqueurs. 



Bisol, Jose, 
Wines. 

Becker, Jose, 
Wines. 

Beir, H., 

Wines. 

Perthold, J., 
Wines. 



Bittencourt, J. Gualberto 
Wines. 

Carneiro, Januario L., 
Brandies. 



Goyaz. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Parana. 

Parana. 

Minas Geraes. 



Castilho, Col. Joao Alves, Minas Geraes. 
Wines and Brandies. 



Chermont Braga & Co. 
Brandy. 



Para. 



Cardoso & Co., F. Amaral. Pernambuco. 
Fruit Wines and Brandy. 



Cruz & Co., Antonio, 
Fruit Wines. 

Carvalho, Antonio H., 
Brandy. 

Christia & Co., 
Wines. 

Chitolina, Angelo, 
Wines. 

Canzoneri, Pascal, 
Wines. 

Cunha, Amando, 
Wines. 



Carneiro, Jose N. C, 

Wines and Brandy 



Dishel, Joao C, 
Wines. 

Equi & Co., 
Brandy. 

Frettas & Seippel, 
Brandy. 



Pernambuco. 

Matto Grosso. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Parana. 

Goyaz. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Minas Geraes. 

Bahia. 



Figueiredo, Aurelio A., Minas Geraes. 
Winks and Brandy. 



Faraco, Raphael, 

Wink. 



Sta. Catharina. 



Florianopolis, Commissao de, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Brandy. 



Forneck, Miguel, 
Wines. 

Foggiato, G. & F., 
Wines. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Parana. 



Gerin & Co., M., Rio de Janeiro. 

Wines and Brandy. 

Governo do Estado, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Wines. 

Gonzaga, C. Municipal S. Luiz, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Brandy. 



Grassman, Henrique, 
Fruit Wines. 



S. Paulo. 



Germani, Aristides, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Wines. 



Galleto, Joao, 
Brandy. 



Parana. 



Hechez, Antonio, Rio Grande do Sul 
Wines. 



Joao da Cruz, Filhos de, 
Brandy. 

Jose, F. P., 
Wines. 



Maranhao. 
Minas Geraes. 



Jesus, Felicissimo F. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Brandy. 



Kennig, Hugo, 
Brandy. 

Lima, Dr. Camara, 
Brandy. 

Labutut, Dr. V., 

Fruit Wines. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 

Maranhao. 

Rio de Janeiro. 



Louzada, Antonio Pinto, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Brandy. 



Lempintz, Theodoro, 

Wines. 

Malaia, Joao A. F., 
Brandy. 

Medeiros & Co., 
Brandy. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Pernambuco. 



Munbach, Alberto, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Brandy t . 

Maineu & Irmao, F., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Wines. 

Moura, Brazilino, Parana. 

Wines. 

Muller, Rodolpho, Parana. 

Wines. 

Nogueira & Co., Arthur, S. Paulo. 

Brandy. 

Nicolao, Jose, Goyaz. 

Liqueurs. 

Oppermann, Pedro, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Brandy. 



-132 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE -CONTINUED 



Oliveira Machado, Colonia, Amazonas. 
Brandy. 

Pitanga, Genesio de Souza, Bahia. 

Brandy. 

Pereira Pinto & Co., Pernambuco. 

Brandy. 

Parada, Feliciano P., Maranhao. 

Brandy. 

Paulino, Jose Polycarpo, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Brandy. 

Parolini, Germane Rio Grande do Sul. 
Brandy. 

Porto, M. Alves, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Winks. 



Polydoro, Antonio, 
Fruit Wine 

Poplade, M. Gaston, 
Wines. 

Quissama, E. Central, 
Brandy. 

Ribeiro, Diogo Martins, 
Orange Wine. 



Parana. 

Parana. 

Rio de Janeiro. 

S. Paulo. 



Rossato & Irmao, Paulo, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Grape Juice. 



Ritter, Joao, 
Brandy. 



Rio Grande do Sul 



Ramos & Co., Franco, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Wines. 

Sala, Julian, Sta. Catharina. 

Brandy and Wine. 



S. Simao, C. Municipal 
Orange Wine. 



S. Paulo. 



ilva, Ignacio R. da, 
Brandy. 



Rio Grande do Sul 



Selbach Junior, Jacob, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Brandy. 

Teixeira, J. P., Sergipe. 

Fruit Wines. 

Tobal & Velasco, Parana. 

Wines. 

Theielen, Henrique, Parana. 

Fruit Wines. 

Vasconcellos, Padre Manoel Mendes P. 
de, Minas Geraes. 

Wine. 

Vianna, Alberto F., Rio de Janeiro. 

Wines. 

Voluz, Emmanuel, Parana. 

Wines. 



GROUP 93, 

Syrups and Liqueurs — Distilled Spirits — Com- 
mercial Alcohol, 



Assucareira, Comp., 
Alcohol. 



Sergipe. 



Aguiar, Freire de, Rio de Janeiro. 

Syrups, Liqueurs, Spirits. 

Aubert, Eugenic Amazonas. 

Syrups. Liqueurs, Spirits and 
Alcohol. 

Berthaud, Ch., Minas Geraes. 

Liqueurs and Distilled Spirits. 

Brazil, Miguel, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Aperient Water. 

Commissao do Estado, Matto Grosso. 

Alcohol. 



Coulon & Co., V 
Beverages. 



S. Paulo. 



Cruz & Co., A., Pernambuco. 

Cognac, Vermouth and Gin. 



Carneiro, Januario L., 
Liqueurs. 

Equi & Co., 

Distilled Spirits. 



Freitas & Seippel, 

Liqueurs and Alcolioi 

Fracarolli & Co., Guido, 
Distilled Spirits 



Minas Geraes. 
Minas Geraes. 
Bahia. 
Minas Geraes. 



Gerin & Co., M., Rio de Janeiro. 

Syrups, Liqueurs and Spirits. 



Issler, Julio, 

Alcohol. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Itaicy, Usina, Matto Grosso. 

Alcohol and Liqueurs. 

Josetti, Evaristo, Matto Grosso. 

Alcohol and Liqueurs. 

Kennig, Hugo, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Distilled Spirits, Aperients. 

Koeff & Filho, Jacob, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Alcohol. 

Lobosco, Vicente R., Minas Geraes. 

Distilled Spirits. 

Lavigue & Co., D., Parana. 

Gin and Other Spirits. 



Melhoramentos, Comp. Geral 
Alcohol. 



Momm, Frederico, 
Liqueurs. 

Pacheco, Dr. Jose P. 
Alcohol. 



Pernambuco. 
Minas Geraes. 
Parahyba. 



133 



Pereira Pinto & Co., 

Cognac and Rum 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE— CONTINUED 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



Recurso, Engenho, 
Alcohol. 

Riachuelo, E. Central, 
Alcohol. 

S. Joao, E. Central 
Alcohol. 

Serpa, Floriano, 
Cognac. 

Simoni, Paulo, 

Aperients. 

Sa, Arthur de, 

Liqueurs. 

Silva, Joao. 

Liqueurs. 



Pernambuco. 

Pernambuco. 

Sergipe. 

Parahyba. 

Bahia. 

Minas Geraes. 

Parana. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



Selbach Junior, Jacob, 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Liqueurs. 



Teixeira & Co., Bahia. 

Syrups and Sweet Liqueurs. 

Tavares Lapa & Co., Pernambuco. 

Cognac, Vermouth and Gin. 

Torres, Possidonio, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Cognac. 



Travalio, Luiz, 

Vermouth. 



S. Paulo. 



GROUP 94. 
Fermented Beverages* 



Antartica, Comp., 
Beer. 

Bavaria Comp., 
Beer. 

Bopp, Carlos, 
Beer. 



S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Parana. 



Benetson, Ernesto & Co., 
Beer. 

Christoffell, Francisco, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Beer. 
Photographs of Brewery. 



Henrique Stupakoff & Co 
Beer. 

Kremer & Co., 
Beer. 

Lausmann, Henrique, 
Beer. 



,, S. Paulo. 

Minas Geraes. 

Rio de Janeiro. 



Maschke & Co., Georg, Rio de Janeiro. 
Beer. 

Preiss, Haussler & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 
Beer. 



Ritter & Filhos, 
Beer, 

Stiebler, Carlos, 
Beer. 

Thielen, Henrique, 
Beer, 

Viveiros & Co., 

Beer. 

Weiss, Jose, 
Beer, 



Minas Geraes. 

Parana. 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Minas Geraes. 



GROUP 95. 
Inedible Agricultural Products. 

Anjos, Col. Antonio P. dos, Parahyba. 

Cotton. 



Amorim & Campos, 

Cotton Seed Oils. 



Pernambuco. 
Pernambuco. 



Agricultura, Sec. da, 
Cotton Fibres. 
The Cotton from Pernambuco and the 
Northern States of Brazil is known as 
the best in the world, and is in great 
demand by European mills on account 
of the strength and length of its fibre. 

Antonello, Angelo, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Textile Fibres. 

Antonina, Commissao de, Parana. 

Castor Seeds and Fibres. 



Eugenio & Co., Joao, 
Fibres. 

Boris Freres, 
Cotton. 

Boxwell Neyhew & Co. 
Cotton. 



Parana. 

Ceara. 

Pernambuco. 



Baldezarini, Luiz, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Textile Fibres. 



Barbosa, Alexandre J., 
Fibres. 



Parana. 



Curitibanos, Commissao de, 

5ta. Catharina. 
Medicinal Plants. 

Camargo & Co., Affonso, S. Paulo. 

Cotton. 

Guedes, Manoel, S. Paulo. 

Oil. 

Garibaldi, Com. de, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Cotton. 



Gomes, Leao, 
Fibres. 

Hucahik, Andre, 
Linen. 

Haner, Roberto, 
Fibres. 



Parana. 
Parana. 
Parana. 



134 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-CONTINUED 



Intend, de Mossoro, 

Rio Grande do Norte. 
Cotton, Medicinal Plants and 
Hides. 

lona & Krause, Pernambuco. 

Hides and Skins. 

Kizak, Jose, Parana. 

Linen and Other Fibres. 

Machado, Dr. Joao, Maranhao. 

Textile Plants. 

Magalhaes Carlos B. de, S. Paulo. 

Flax. 

Patzlaff, Frederico, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Textile Plants. 



Palmeira, Commissao de, 
Linseed Oil. 

Pinto, Manoel da Costa, 
Fibres. 



Parana. 
Parana. 



Pedrito, C. Municipal D., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Raw Wool. 

Rossback Bros., Pernambuco. 

Cotton Seed Oil and Castor Beans. 

Rodrigues, Honorato, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Raw Wool. 



Ramos, Jose L., 

Raw Wool. 

Schrefler, Roberto, 
Raw Wool. 

Santos, J. Maria, 
Raw Wool. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 

Sta. Catharina. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 



Sto. Antonio, Com. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Raw Wool. 

Mattos, Joaquim F. de, Matto Grosso. 

Cotton. 

Thims, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Textile Plants. 

Wartha, W., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Textile Plants. 



GROUP 96. 

Useful Insects and their Products - Plant 

Diseases. 

Almeida, Alberto de, Amazonas. 

Candles and Wax Products. 

Bufarah, Salomao, S. Paulo. 

Sericiculture Products. 

Bataillard, S. A., S. Paulo. 

Appliance for Destruction oe Ants. 

Borges, Pedro A., S. Paulo. 

Appliance for Destruction of Ants. 



Balderazini, Luiz, S. Paulo. 

Raw Silk and Cocoons. 

Borba, Drogaria, S. Paulo. 

Raw Silk and Cocoons. 

Commissao do Estado, Parana. 

Cocoons, Raw Silk, Etc. 

Commissao do Estado, Amazonas. 

Honey. 

Curityba, Commissao de, Parana. 

Raw Silk Cocoons, Etc. 

Dom Bosco, Escola, Minas Geraes. 

Bee Hive. 

Huber, Pedro, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Honey and Wax. 

Jorge, Casemiro, Minas Geraes. 

Raw Silk, Threads and Cocoons. 

Kohlrausch & Co., Pedro, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Honey. 

Kock, W., Parana. 

Cocoons and Raw Silk, Etc. 

Mechanica & Importadora, Comp., 

S. Paulo. 
Appliance for Destruction of 

Ants. 

Manfroi, Mansuelo, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Raw Silk and Cocoons. 

Madureira & Co., Amazonas. 

Candles and Wax Products. 

N. S. da Conceicao, Irmano'ao'e de, 

S. Paulo. 
Sericicultural Products. 

Nascimento, Asdrubal, S. Paulo. 

Sericicultural Products. 



Ritter & Filho, 
Wax. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Rodrigo Silva, Colonia, Minas Geraes. 
Sericicultural Products. 

Rosenstengel, Jose, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Honey and Wax. 

Sertaosinho, C. Municipal de, S. Paulo. 
Wax. 

Sarafona & Co., S. Paulo. 

Honey, Wax and Candles. 

Signorini, D. Angela M., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Raw Silk and Threads. 



Silvine & Ernst, 
Honey. 



S. Paulo. 



Wartha, Wenceslau, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Raw Silk and Cocoons. 

Zatti, Padre Domingos, Minas Geraes. 
Bee Hive of Improved Design. 



135 




BRAZILIAN SECTION 



DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY 



GROUPS 112 to 1J4 



OF more than 2,000 scientifically studied and classified varities of woods used for all sorts of 
purposes in Brazil about J 200 are exhibited here, together with an enormous variety of 
medicinal industrial and alimentary, roots, barks, herbs, pods, nuts, fruits, waxes, rosins, 
straws, fibres, rubbers, gums, saps, etc. 

According to Humbolt, Agassis, St. Hilaire and other world renowned naturalists, the Brazilian 
forests are not only the largest but the richest and most lux- 
uriant of tl.e whole world. 

The States of Amazonas, Bahia, Parana, S. Catharina, 
Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Geraes have sent complete 
collections of samples of beautiful hard woods used for cabinet 
work and furniture, construction of buildings, naval construc- 
tion, railroad ties, mining purposes etc., besides many softer 
woods used for interior work, furniture, wooden-ware and 
many other purposes. A few samples of finished cabinet 
work, furniture, window frames and doors and some boards 
are also exhibited. 

Of the barks, roots, gums, herbs, wook, fruits, waxes, 
seeds, nuts, etc., for medicinal and j industrial purposes, such 
as dying, tanning, manufacture of varnish, oils, inks, etc., 
about 250 varities are exhibited. 




CAPT. J. CORDEIRO DA GRACA 
Commissioner 



136 



DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY— CONTINUED 

A splendid collection of fibres, vines, rushes, straws, canes, etc. together with some of the pro- 
ducts made from them, such as baskets, ropes, hammocks, brooms and brushes, mats, rugs, fans, 
hats, sieves, etc., is also shown. 

Rubber of different kinds is exhibited in great profusion. This exhibit consists of several vari- 
eties and grades of common India rubber, manicoba rubber, mangabeira rubber, of which the supply 
is practically inexhaustible. The rubber in sight in the Amazonas region alone being enough to 
supply the whole world for the next 600 years. 

In 1903 the exportation from Manaos and Para harbors amounted to over 30,000 tons; for the 
first six months of 1904, 17,500 tons passed through Para on its way to Europe and North America. 
In the whole country are found numerous and beautiful varieties of palm trees, orchids and other 
exotic plants used for ornaments and other purposes. 

The cipos or strong hard creepers, of beautiful cross sections, abound in Brazil and are used for 
fine cabinet and mosaic work. In the forests and prairies is found a great variety of edible fruits 
many of them improving extraordinarily with transplantation, selection and cultivation. 

Bamboo of many kinds and dimensions is plentiful in every part of the country. 



GROUP JJ2. 

Dutra, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Hekbakium. 
A fine collection of botanical specimens 
from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, 
scientifically organized and classified. 



Dietsch, Arthur, 
Oechids. 
Photographs. 

Jequie, C. Municipal de, 
Cactus. 



S. Paulo. 



Bahia. 



Mattas, I. Geral de, Rio de Janeiro. 

Palm Trees, Etc. 

Book and Album on the Palm 
Trees of Brazil. 

Rodrigues, Dr. Barbosa, Rio de Janeiro. 
Book of the Palms of Brazil. 
A splendid work. Mr. B. Rodrigues 
has devoted to this subject many years 
of careful investigation. 

Schwacke, Dr. W., Minas Geraes. 

Herbarium. 
A very complete collection of plants 
of the State, carefully studied and classi- 
fied. 



GROUP 113. 



Argollo, Cardoso, & Co., 
Samples of Woods. 

Alcobaca, C. M. de, 

Samples of Woods. 



Bahia. 



Bahia. 



Bahia. 



Agricultura, Secretaria da, 
Samples of Woods 
And products of forest industries. 
Large and very interesting collection of 
woods and forest products found in the 
State. 



Azevedo, Col. Paulo O., s. Paulo. 

Samples of Woods. 

Agricola, Comp. Manufactureira e, 

Maranhao. 
Samples of Woods. 

Arsenal de Marinha, Para. 

Coat-of-Arms in Wood. 
This beautiful coat-of-arms was made 
at the naval arsenal of Para; 102 dif- 
ferent kinds of wood being used. 

Arcuri & Spinelli, Minas Geraes. 

Samples of Woods and Barks. 
Albuquerque, Jose A. de Souza, 

Matto Grosso. 

Samples of Woods. 

Antonina, Com. M. de, Parana. 

Leaves, Fibres, Woods, Vines. 

Antonina, Com. M. de, Parana. 

Articles made of Pine Knots. 

Anaman, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Samples of Woods. 

Annory, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Bamboo Canes and Baskets. 

Antimary, Intendencia de, Amazonas. 
Samples of Woods. 

Angelo, A., Parana. 

Samples of Woods. 

Aguiar & Co., Amazonas. 

Piassava Fibre and Brooms. 

Azambuja, Graciano, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Pine Knots. 



Amorim, J. Guedes, 

Samples of Woods. 



Goyaz. 



Barros, Henrique Paes, Matto Grosso. 
Samples of Woods. 



137 



DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY— CONTINUED 
Barros, Col. A. B. M. de, 



Minas Geraes. 



Samples of Woods. 



Blumenau, Commissao M. de, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Samples of Woods. 

Borba, Joao A., Parana. 

Fibres and Ropes made of Fibres. 



Barcellos, Intend. 

Wood. 

Borba, Intend, de, 
Baskets. 



de, 



Amazonas. 
Amazonas. 



Bolleto, Pedro F., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Samples of Woods. 



Beruty, Intend, de, 
Woods. 

Boa Vista, Fazenda, 
Piassaya Fibre. 

Barros, Virgilio, 
Woods. 

Byerke & Co., C, 

Woods. 



Amazonas. 

Amazonas. 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Parana. 

Cam. M. de Fon\.e Boa, Amazonas. 

Barks for Medicinal and Indus- 
trial Purposes. 

Costa & Co., Ferreira, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Barks for Tanning Purposes. 

Carvalho, T. Ignacio de, Amazonas. 

Piassava Fibres and Brooms. 

Campos, Vianna & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 
Ropes, Etc., Made of Fibres. 

Commissao do Estado, Sergipe. 

Woods. 

Cleodon y Pla., Parahyba. 

Woods. 

Chagas, Manoel, Maranhao. 

Woods. 



Caxias A. Ccjazeiras, E. de F 

Woods. 



Commissao do Estado, 

Woods. 



Maranhao. 
Matto Grosso. 



Commissao do Estado, Parana. 

Beautiful table made of 114 different 
kinds of wood from the State of Parana. 

Beautiful glove box made of 25 differ- 
ent kinds of wood from tlie State of 
Parana. 



Campos, Novos, Com. M. o*e, 
Sta. 
Woods. 



Curitybanos, Commissao M. de, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Woods. 

Curityba, Com. M. de, Parana. 

Articles made of Vines and 
Woods. 
Beautiful table top with the Brazilian 
coat-of-arms in various woods. 



Costa, M. Caniceiro da, 
Articles in Wood. 

Cachoeirinha, Educandos da, 



Amazonas. 



Amazonas. 



Articles in Wood. 

Articles in Fibres. 

Fibres. 

Rushes. 

Articles in Rushes and Straws. 



Carvoeiro, Intend, de, 
Woods. 

Codajaz, Intend, de, 
Bamboo Canes. 

Canutama, Intend, de, 

Bamboo Canes. 

Com. do Estado, 

Woods. 

Com. do Estado, 



Amazonas. 

Amazonas. 

Amazonas. 

Minas Geraes. 

Parana. 



Pine Knot, Wooden-ware and 
Baskets. 

Com. do Estado, Minas Geraes. 

Woods and Products. 



Comino, J., 

Woods and Products 

Cordeiro, M. A., 

Woods. 

Commissao do Estado, 
Woods. 

Com. do Estado, 
Woods. 



Catharina. 



Com. do Estado, 
Woods. 

Com. de Brejauva, 
Woods. 

Campo Alegre, Com. de, 

Woods. 

Com. do Estado, 

Woods. 

Dreschler & Co., Max, 
Woods. 

Descalvado, C. M. de, 
Woods. 

Eugenio & Co., Joao, 



Parana. 

Parana. 

Parana. 
Para. 
Sta. Catharina. 
Sta. Catharina. 

Espirito Santo. 

Sta. Catharina. 

Pernambuco. 

S. Paulo. 



Parana. 



Aramina Fibres and Ropes. 



-138- 



Conchas, Com. de, 
Woods. 

Escola de Minas, 
Woods. 

Emingo, Angelo, 

Woods. 



DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY— CONTINUED 
Parana. 



Minas Geraes. 
Parana. 



Feira de Santa Anna, C. Municipal de, 

Bahia. 
Straw Baskets and Woodenware. 



Frankenberg, Hugo Von, 

Woods. 

Fonte Boa, Intend, de, 
Woods. 

Frith, W., 

Nuts. 

Ferreira, Alberto, 
Woods. 

Figueiredo, Dr. A. de, 
Vegetable Wax. 



Sta. Catharina. 

Amazonas. 

Amazonas. 
Espirito Santo. 

Amazonas. 



Guisti & Co., Frederico, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Ropes and Fibres. 

Governo do Estado, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Woods, Forest Products and 
Barks for Medicinal and Indus- 
trial Purposes. 
A very large and interesting collection 
of forest products and woods of this 
State. 

Guajaratuba, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Woods. 



Gertum, Hugo, 
Bamboo. 



Guimaraes, Horacio G., 
Boards. 
Samples of Woods 

Garazoni, A., 
Woods. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 
Parana. 



Parana. 



Gruber & Filho, Christiano, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Woods and Products. 



Goncalves, Dr. Luiz C, 
Woods. 

Gallote, Benjamin, 
Woods. 

Guedes, Joaquim, 
Woods. 

Hucaijhik, Andre, 

Fibres and Ropes. 

Holzman & Irmao, H., 
Objects in Wood. 



Parana. 

Sta. Catharina. 

Goyaz. 

Parana. 

Parana. 



Humayta, Intend, de, 

Articles in Fibres. 
Fibres. 



Amazonas. 



Ilheos, C. M., de, Bahia. 

Straw Baskets and Wooden-ware. 

Itacoatiara, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Piassava Brushes, Brooms. 



Itajahy, C. M. de, 
Woods. 

Iguassu, Com. da Foz do, 
Woods. 

Jequie, C. Municipal, 
Woods. 



Sta. Catharina. 

Parana. 

Bahia. 



Jaguaruna, Com. M. de, 
Woods. 



Jardim, Nilo F., 

Collection of Woods. 

Kozak, Jose, 

Ropes made of Fibres 

Limeira, B. de, 
Woods. 

Luz, Dr. Arlindo, 
Woods. 

Leite, J. L. Da Costa, 

Textile Fibres. 



Sta. Catharina. 
Amazonas. 
Parana. 
S L Paulo. 
Minas Geraes. 
Minas Geraes. 



Ladario, Arsenal de Marinha, 

Matto Grosso. 
Woods. 



Lages, Com. M. de, 
Woods. 

Labrea, Intend, de, 
Fibres. 



Sta. Catharina. 
Amazonas. 
Parana. 



Lapa Commissao de, 

Woods. 
Montaury, J., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Barks for Industrial Purposes. 

Mossoro, Intendencia de, 

Rio Grande do Norte. 
Fibres and Barks for Medicinal 
and Industrial Purposes. 
Hats. 

Hammocks. 
Wax, Etc. 



Mendes & Filho, 
Woods. 



S. Paulo. 



Mamanguape, C. M. de, Parahyba. 

Articles in Wood, Fibres, Etc. 

Muricy, Cap. Leovigildo, Maranhao. 

Woods. 

Mendes, Correa & Co., Para. 

Woods. 



— 139 



Martins, Tancredo, 

Woods. 
Martins, Octavio 

Woods. 
Macedo, Joao Ribeiro, 

Fibres and Ropes. 
Morretes, Com. M. de, 

Woods. 
Maues, Intend, de, 

Piassava, Baskets. 
Madeira, Col. Carlos, 

Nuts. 
Manicore, Intend, de, 

Baskets. 
Marcenaria Moderna, 

Woods. 
Martins, Augusto, 

Woods. 
Mello, Lourenco N. de, 

Nuts. 
Manaos, Intend, de, 

Rushes. 
Moura, Intend, de, 



DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY— CONTINUED 
Minas Geraes. 



Minas Geraes. 

Parana. 

Parana. 
Amazonas. 
Amazonas. 
Amazonas. 
Amazonas. 
Amazonas. 
Amazonas. 
Amazonas. 
Amazonas. 



Fibres. Rushes and Straws. 
Martins, Ignacio, Parana. 

Polished Pine Knot. 
Nascimento, Maciel, Parana. 

Cup Made of Pine Knot. 
Nocetti, Egydio, Sta. Catharina. 

Woods. 
Oliveira, A. Ferreira de, Minas Geraes. 

Woods. 

Minas Geraes. 



Olyntho, Dr. Antonio 
Woods. 



Parana. 



Oliveira, Aristides de, 

Woods. 
Porto Alegre, Intendencia, 

Rio Grande do Sul 

Woods. 
Porto Alegre, Penitenciarla, 

Rio Grande do Sul 

Woods. 
Pereira, Dr. Huascar, 

Woods. 
Pyles & Irmao, E., 

Woods. 
Peixoto, Dr. Arthur, 

Woods. 
Pedro & Co., Manoel, 

Woods. 
Pereira, A. Napoleao da Rocha, Para. 

Nuts. 
Paranagua, Com. M. de, Parana. 

Baskets, Sieves, Woods. Etc. 
Penkelt, Rodolpho, Parana. 

Billiard Cues. 
Ponta Grossa, Com. de, Parana. 

Woods. 
Pereira, A. C, Parana. 

BO HtDS. 

Penitenciaria, Bahia. 

Wood and Cocoa -mi Shells. 



S. Paulo. 

S. Paulo. 

Alagoas. 

Para. 



Rocha, A. Carneiro da, 

Woods. 
Rossbach Bros., 

Woods. 
Rotulo, Ltd., 

Woods. 



Bahia. 

Bahia. 

Minas Geraes. 



Parana. 
Parana. 
Parana. 
Parana. 
Bahia. 



Rocha, Raymundo T. G., Minas Geraes. 

Woods. 
Reil, Gustavo, Sta. Catharina. 

Vases Made of Pine Knots and 
Roofing Boards. 
Rio Negro, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Piassava Brushes and Brooms. 
Rio Negro, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Rushes. 

Articles Made of Rushes axd 
Straws. 
Respali, P., 

Woods. 
Ramos, G., 

Woods. 
Rio Claro, Colonia, 

Objects in Wood. 
Rocha & Co., 

Woods and Products. 
S. Francisco, C. M. de, 

Woods. 
S. Luiz Gonzaga, C. M., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Ropes of Fibres. 
S. Leopoldo, C. M. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Woods. 

Steigleder & Sobrinho, Germano, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Woods. 

Forest Products. 

Barks. 

Articles in Wood. 

Door and Window Frames. 
Silva Telles & Co., S. Paulo. 

Fibres and Forest Products. 
Soc. Paulista de Agricultura, Com. E. 
Ind., S. Paulo. 

Woods and Objects of Wood. 
Simao Dias, C. M. de, Sergipe. 

Woods. 
Sabino, Manoel, Maranhao. 

Calabashes. 
Senna, Dr. Nelson de, Minas Geraes. 

Objects in Wood. 
Souza, Gabriel de Moraes, Matto Grosso. 

Woods. 
Seefeldt, Frederico, Sta. Catharina. 

Woods. 

S. Francisco, Commissao de, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Woods fob Tanning Purposes. 



Sounnis, Leao. 
Fibres. 

S. Felippe, Intend, de, 
Baskets. 
Palm LEAVES. 



Parana. 
Amazonas. 



14C- 



DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY— CONTINUED 



S. Bento, Cm. M. de, Sta. Catharina. 

Woods. 
Schamann, Carlos, Parana. 

Beautiful table top in mosaic of va- 
rious woods. 
Sperandini, Joao, Parana. 

Woods. 
Santa Isabel, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Nuts. 
Santo Antonio, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Piassava Fibres, Straws, Rushes. 
S. Felippe, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Fibres. 
Silves, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Woods. 

Vines. 
Schneider, Carlos, Sta. Catharina. 

Dried Flowers. 
S. Jose dos Pinhaes, Com., Parana. 

Woods, Wooden Wares. 
Silva, Virgilio de, Parana. 

Woods and Products. 
Silva, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Woods. 
S. Bento, C. M. de, Parana. 

Woods. 
Tolentino, Marcionilo, S. Paulo. 

Copal Vases. 
Teffe, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Bamboo Canes. 
Urucara, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Woods. 
Uricurituba, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Piassava Fibres, Stbaws, Rushes. 
Ypiranga, Com. de, Parana. 

Woods and Products. 



GROUP IJ4 
Antonina, Com. M. de, Parana. 

Barks for Medicinal and Indus- 
trial Purposes. 
Aguiar, Antonio Gomes, Matto Grosso. 
Medicinal Herbs. 

Anaman, Intende. de, Amazonas. 

Rubber, 

Anayaz, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Rubber and Sap. 

Agricultura, Sec. da, Bahia. 

Plants, Leaves, Seeds, Barks, 
Vines, Roots, Rubbers, Oils, Rosins, 
Nuts, Pods, for Medicinal and In- 
dustrial Purposes. 

Argollo Cardoso & Co., Bahia. 

Mangabeira Rubber, Gums, Rosins, 
Piassava Fibre, and Nuts, Mani- 
toba Rubber, Wax, Vegetable Wool, 
Etc. 

Almeida Filho Joao B., Matto Grosso. 

Rubber and Herbs for Medicinal 
Purposes. 

Boris, Freres, Ceara. 

Rubber. Seeds, Roots, Wax, Rosins. 



Berury, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Rubber. 
Barreirinha, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Leaves, Roots and Herbs for 

Medicinal and Industrial Purposes. 

Baptista, Nilo, Amazonas. 

Medicinal Beans. 
Bodstein, Jorge, Matto Grosso. 

Vanilla. 
Bastos, Celestino Alves, Matto Grosso. 

Medicinal Herbs. 
Bicudo, Padre A. Manoel Matto Grosso. 

Medicinal Herbs. 
B. Esperanca, C. M. de, S. Paulo. 

Mangabeira Rubber. 
Calmon, C. M., Bahia. 

Seeds, Barks and Vegetable 
Wool. 
Cannavieiras, C. M. de, Bahia. 

Piassava Fibres and Vegetable 
Wool. 
Caetite, C. M. de, Bahia. 

Vegetable Wool. 
Codajaz, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Rubber. 
Commissao do Estado, Parana. 

Barks, Leaves, Rosins, Etc., for 

Industrial and Medicinal Purposes. 

Commissao do Estado, Para. 

Barks, Leaves, Rosins, Rubber, 
Etc., for Industrial and Medicinal 
Purposes. 
Commissao do Estado, Parahyba. 

Barks for Medicinal Purposes. 
Camille & Co., H. Levy, Amazonas. 

Medicinal Beans and Plants. 
Costa, Dr. Jonas C. da, Matto Grosso. 

Medicinal Seeds. 
Couto, Pedro C, Matto Grosso. 

Medicinal Products. 
Costa, Pedro Celestino C. da, 

Matto Grosso. 

Medicinal Herbs. 
Carvalho, Dr. A. A. Figueiredo, Parahyba. 

Plants, Seeds, Etc., for Medicinal 
and Industrial Purposes. 
Conceicao, Com. M. de, Parahyba. 

Medicinal Seeds. 

Commissao de Fonte Boa, Amazonas. 
Medicinal Barks. 

Campos, Antonio, Maranhao. 

Rosins, Barks. 

Commissao do Estado, Matto Grosso. 

Rubber, Herbs, Barks, for Medic- 
inal and Industrial Purposes. 



Figueiredo, Dr. de, 

Vegetable Wax. 



Amazonas. 



Feira de S. Anna, C. Municipal de, 

Bahia. 

Oils, Barks and Leaves, Nuts. 

Cocoa-nuts, Roots, Plants for 

Industrial and Medicinal Purposes. 



141 



DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY— CONTINUED 



Freitas, J. M. Torres de, Amazonas. 

Saps and Rubber. 

Goes, Dr. M. D. Correia de, Parahyba. 
Medicinal Plants. 

Guimaraes & Co., Parana. 

Matte and Barrels. 

Governo do Estado, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Rosins, Barks, Herbs, Vines for 

Industrial and Medicinal Purposes. 

Goncalves, Umbelino, Bahia. 

Piassava Fibres. 

Humayta, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Barks, Oils. 

Ilheos, C. Municipal, Bahia. 

Barks and Leaves for Industrial 
and Medicinal Purposes. 



Itacoatiara, Intend, de, 
Rosins. 



Amazonas. 



Jequie, C. Municipal, Bahia. 

Fibres, Oils, Manicoba Seeds and 
Rubber, Barks, Fruits, Rosins, 
Gums, Plants, Leaves, Saps, Etc., 
for Medicinal and Industrial Pur- 
poses. 

Jardim, Nilo F., Amazonas. 

Barks, Rosins, Vanilla Pods, Etc. 

Labrea, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Curico Nuts. 

Leao Junior, Agostinho de, Parana. 

Matte. 

Lapa, Com. M. de, Parana. 

Medicinal Herbs. 

Montenegro, Col. J. C. Brazil, Para. 

Rubber Med. Plants and Barks. 

Mendes, Padre Manoel Pereira, 

Minas Geraes. 
Barks for Medicinal Purposes. 
Maues, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Guarana Powder and Paste. 
Manicore, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Guarana Powder and Paste. 
Manaos, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Oils and Sorva Sap for Industrial 
Purposes. 
Matte Larangeira, Comp., Matto Grosso. 

Matte and Barrels. 
Nina, Heraclito, Maranhao. 

Rosin, Barks for Industrial 
Purposes. 
Oliveira, Dr. Luiz, Parahyba. 

Car .\ a i i:a Wax. 
Orlando & Irmaos, Matto Grosso. 

Rubber and Medicinal Hebbs. 
Oliveira, Dr. Matheus de, Parahyba. 

Medicinal Rosins. 

Paulista de Agric. Com. E. Industria, 

Soc, S. Paulo. 

Harks. Li wis. Roots, Rubber, 

Etc.. foe Industrial and Medicinal 

Pubposes. 



Porto Alegre, C. M. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Rosins, Barks, Herbs, Vines, Etc., 
for Industrial and Medicinal Pur- 
poses. 

Pereira Mawson & Co., Bahia. 

Rosins for Industrial Purposes. 

Porto Seguro, C. M. de, Bahia. 

Piassava Fibres and Vegetable 
Wool. 

Pacheco, Romulo M., Parahyba. 

Medicinal Plants. 

Ribeiro Diogo M., S. Paulo. 

Medicinal Roots. 

Rossbach Bros., Bahia. 

Resins for Industrial Purposes. 

Rio Branco, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Roots, Barks and Saps for Medic- 
inal and Industrial Purposes. 

Rotulo, Ld., Minas Geraes. 

Medicinal Barks. 

S. Bento, Com. de, Sta. Catharina. 

Barks, Rasps, for Industrial Pur- 
poses. 

S. Felippe, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Ourico Nuts for Industrial Pur- 
poses. 

S. Gabriel, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Leaves, Roots, and Herbs for 
Medicinal Purposes. 

Silves, Intend, da, Amazonas. 

Leaves, Roots and Herbs for 
Medicinal Purposes. 

SifA/a, Virgilio X. da, Parana. 

Barks for Tanning Purposes. 

S. P. de Olivenca, Intend, de, 

Rubber. 

S. Simao, C. M. de, 

Mangabeira Rubber. 



Amazonas. 



S. Paulo. 



S. Leopoldo, C. M. de, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Rosins, Barks, Herbs, Vines for 
Medicinal Purposes. 

S. Luiz Gonzaga, C. M. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Fibres. 



Sa. C. C, Fernandes de, 
Rubber. 



Amazonas. 



Santo Antonio, C. M. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Medictnal Seeds. 

Torres, F. Rangel, Parahyba. 

Medicinal Roots. 
Vieira Filho, H. Jose, Matto Grosso. 

Medicinal Herbs. 

Vianna, Alvaro, Matto Grosso. 

Medicinal Hebbs and Vegetable 

Wool. 



142 




BRAZILIAN SECTION 



DEPARTMENT OF 

MINES AND METALLURGY 

GROUPS U5 to U9 



THE mineral resources and wealth of Brazil are well 
represented by a large and varied collection of speci- 
mens. 
Among many other equally valuable products may be men- 
tioned gold, silver, lead, tin, copper, graphite, zinc, iron in nearly 
all its varieties of occurence, manganese, coal, plombagine, mica, 
marble, clays, ochres, and other natural mineral paints, monazite 
sands, platinum sands, asbestos, talcum, alum, aluminum, build- 
ing stones, limestones, bituminous shales, turf, cinnabrium, salt- 
petre, common salt, rock and quartz crystals, gres and sandstones, 
mineral waters, eruptive rocks, slate, gypsum, cadmium, chro- 
mium, feldspath, scorodites, chalk, whetstones, abrasive stones, 
agates, amethysts, silex, pumice-stone, basalt, asphalt, emery 
sands, tripolitan sands, iceland-spath, kaolin, mineral oils, 




MR. ANTONIO OIA' NTHO. 

Commissioner in Charge of Department 

of Mines and Metallurgy. 



143 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND METALLURGY- CONTINUED 

malachites, melaphyr, amorphous quartz, serpentine, cassiterite, diamond and gold gravels and sands, 
mercury and topaz. A few photographs and plans of mines and machines, etc., are shown. 

Among these, the minerals that are regularly mined are gold, silver, diamonds, manganese, cop- 
per, monazite, coal, iron, mica, oils, ochres, asbestos, crystals, saltpetre, marble and building] stones, 
limestones, talcum, mercury, salt, etc. 

Gold is found in abundance in the States of Bahia, Minas Geraes, S. Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, 
Matto Grosso and Goyaz. Among other important Mining Companies conducting a lucrative busi- 
ness in the exploitation of gold mines [are the St. John Del Rey Mining Company (Mines at Morro 
Velho), The Ouro Preto Gold Mining Company (Mines at Passagem), The Rotulo L'd., The Auri- 
fera of Minas Geraes, The Caethe, The Velloso, The Tassaras, The Lavras, The Padre Faria, and 
others all in the State of Minas Geraes. In the State of Bahia gold has been mined for over 200 years 
at Assurua, Chapada, Rio Verde, Serra do Andarahy, Serra do Aruba, Rio Bromadinho, Serra da 
Jacobina, Rio Itapicuru, Serra do Sincora, Gloria, Mandiocal, Morro do Fogo, Paramirim, Pumbu, 
Rio Grande, Bom Jesus, Serra da Itiuba and many other places. 

In S. Paulo in the Mantiqueira Mountains and at Sorocaba. In Rio Grande do Sul at Serro 
Branco, Bom Retiro, S. Gabriel, Vaccacahy, D. Pedrito, Lavras, Barcellos, S. Sepe, Cerrito and other 
places, where a large number of mines are in operation. 

In Matto Grosso on the Rivers Coxim and Jurua ( The Trans-Pacific Brazil Mining Company ) , 
the Coxipo River, the Jauru River, the Paraguay River, Cuyaba, the Rio das Mortes, Brumado, 
Arinos, Cocaes, the Coxipo-Assu River, Lavrinhas, etc. 

Diamonds have been mined regularely ever since the discovery of Brazil, in many places in the 
States of Bahia, Minas Geraes and Matto Grosso, as also rubies and other precious gems. In nearly 
all of the other States of Brazil diamonds have been found occasionally. 

Brazilian diamonds are noted for their brilliancy and clearness of a pure white. Many beautiful 
colored [diamonds have also been found in Brazil and some of the largest diamonds existing in the 
crown jewels of Europe come from Brazil. 

Very rich deposits of carbonate are being exploited in Bahia. Silver is found also in different 
States of Brazil but in Bahia only it is mined on a large scale. Manganese, noted for its high 
metallic percentage of pure manganese and complete absence of phosphorus and sulphur, is mined and 
exported in large quantities from Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia, Minas Geraes, Parana and Matto Grosso, 
the most important mines being in Minas Geraes and Matto Grosso. 

Copper is found in different varieties and mined in Ceara, Bahia, Minas, S. Paulo and Rio 
Grande do Sul. 

Monazite sands in abundant deposits are found along the coast of the State of Bahia and Espirito 
Santo and in the interior of the States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes. 

Coal has been very little explored in Brazil, the qrincipal reason being, the lack of capital to con- 
duct investigations. It is known to exist in large quantities at many places. The Coal Formation 
extends along the coast]of Brazil from Para to the southern part of the State of Bahia, where mineral 
oils and bituminous shales are being extracted at Marahu. Then there is a break and the formation 
reappears in the northern part of S. Paulo and extends to the southern part of the State of Rio Grande 
do Sul. 

In the State of Parana several beds have been discovered. In the southern part of the State of 
Santa Catharina, the formation is very much developed at Tubarao and Ararangua reaching down 
to the northern part of !Rio Grande do Sul, where there is another break extending to the Jacuhy 
River Basin, forming the great Jacuhy Carboniferous Basin, 170 miles long and averaging 7 to 13 
miles in breadth, as far as the beds can be traced. 



144 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND METALLURGY— CONTINUED 

Another smaller basin, that of Herval, is separated from the Jacuhy Basin by a range of granite 
hills. On the upper Vaccacahy River are found beds of bituminous shales also. Finally, in the 
southern part of the State there are the Candiota and Rio Negro Basins, which seem to extend into 
Uruguay. 

In all the different places where it has been possible to examine the coal it has proved to be of 
very good quality. Many indications of the existence of coal have been found in other states also in 
the interior of the country. 

The location of the coal formation and outcrops, the extraordinarily good facilities for cheap labor 
and transportation, both by land and water, the immense deposits of excellent qualities of iron, manga- 
nese and other ores will make coal mining in Brazil one of the best investments for capital in the 
world. 

At present one company only has been mining coal for over thirtv vears at Arroio dos Ratos in 
the Jacuhy Basin. 

Iron exists in enormous quantities; in fact it might be said, whole mountains of it, in a great num- 
ber of varieties, exists especially in the States of Minas Geraes and some of the Southern States. 

The cost of coal makes it impossible to utilize the richest iron ores found in the country and the 
siderurgical industry is therefore carried on on a very small scale, existing only in places where wood 
is plentiful, charcoal being used for fuel, Among other rich iron ores, the following are abundant: 
specular oligistic, very compact, magnetic, very pure and of the highest value, limonite, hematite, 
itabirite, jacutingas, oxides, chromic iron, etc. 

Many other minerals, such as nickel, cobalt, tungsten, arsenic, molybdeneum, azurite, thorium, 
cadmium, emeralds, sapphires, blende, antimonium, garnets, opals, etc., have been found in different 
parts of Brazil. 

The splendid exhibit of Brazil in this Department shows what golden opportunities there are for 
the investment of foreign capital in that country, of which English, French and Belgian campanies 
are already taking advantage. 



GROUP U6. 

Minerals and Stones and their Utilization. 

Antonina, Com. M. de, Parana. 

Ochres, Iron and Manganese Ores. 
Chalk. 

Almeida, Servulo de, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Clay Schist with Impressions. 
Agates. 

Argollo Cardoso & Co., Bahia. 

Granite, Calcareous Stones. Cop- 
per Ores, Manganese Ores. Cadmium, 
Ochres, Plumbago and Bituminous 
Shales. 
All found in the region traversed by 
the S. Francisco Railroad. 

Azambuja, Graciano A., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Petrified Wood. 

Agricultura, Sec. da, Bahia. 

Monasite Sands. Ochres. 
These sands are found in immense de- 
posits along the coast of Bahia. 



Aurifera, Comp., Minas Geraes. 

Gold Quartz, from the Honorio 
Bicalho Mines. 

Azevedo, Col. H. F. Penna de, 

Amazonas. 
Clay, Calcareous Stones and Man- 
ganese Ores. 



Aracaju, Com. M. de, 
Common Salt. 



Sergipe. 



Bretas, Affonso, Minas Geraes. 

Iron Ores. (Oligistic and Mag- 
netic) . 

Brant, Joao, Minas Geraes. 

Diamond Gravel and Crystals 
from the Diamantina Mines. 

Brant, Major F., Minas Geraes. 

Diamond Gravel from the Diam- 
antina Mines. 

Belgo Bresilienne Lavras, Soc, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Wolframite. 



145- 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND METALLURGY- CONTINUED 



Barcellos, Intendencia de, Amazonas. 

Granite. 

Belga de Tripuhy, Comp., 

Minas Geraes. 

ClNNABRIUM AND ClNNABRIC ORES. 

Brazilian Diamond Fields Corp. Ld., 

Bahia. 
Diamond Gravels. 

Diamonds have always been found in 
large quantities in this State; some of 
them have been considered the largest 
and finest in the world. 

Carvalho, Dr. A. A. de Figueire do, 

Parahyba. 
Iron Ore, Common Salt, sRock 
Crystal, Asbestos. 

Cariry, Cons. Mun. de S. Joao de, 

Parahyba. 
Mica and Various Ores. 

Castello, Branco A. F., Minas Geraes. 
Magnetic Iron Ores from Sabara. 

Campos, Fortunato P., Minas Geraes. 

Gold Ores. 
From the Lages Queimada and Ouro 
Falla Mines. 

Correa, F. Vargas, Minas Geraes. 

Feldspath Orthose. 

Com. do Estado, Sta. Catharina. 

Coal. 
Several deposits of first-class coal have 
been found in the southern part of the 
State. 

Com. do Rio Grande, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Crystal, Agates, Coal, Marble. 

Com. do Estado, Minas Geraes. 

Zinc. 
Gold. 

Cot-per Ores. 
scorodites. 

Com. do Estado, Minas Geraes. 

Mica and Marble Ores. 



Coelho, Dr. H., 
Al ARBLE. 



Rio de Janeiro. 



Castro, Col. Antonio. Minas Geraes. 

Rose Quartz. 
Mica. 
Plumbago. 

Capelle, Dr. Alberto Vande, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gold Pybites and Quartz from 
i 111:1.1. Different Mines. 

Bj i) Rock from the La\ ras Mine, 
W'ol I i: \ \l III. \ \i> Cassiterite. 



Carcono, Cezar, Matto Grosso. 

Oligistic Iron and Magnanese 
" Ores. 



Amazonas. 



Cunha Junior, M. Francisco, 

Clays. 
Chalk. 
Iron Ores. 
Petrified Wood. 

Carvoeiro, Intend, de, Amazonas. 

Sandstones. 

Chaves, Dr. Jose, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Glance and Carbonate of Copper. 
Several rich copper mines are being- 
explored near Cacapava. 

Cacapava, Intend, de, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Lime, Marble. 

Caxias, Intend, de, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Graphitic Clays. 

Correia, Doutor L., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Clays. 

Com. do Estado, Piauhy. 

Fossil Fishes. Fuller's Earth. 
Alum, Slate, Saltpetre. Various 
Ores and Sands. 

Costa, Jose Vicente da, Minas Geraes. 
Marble. 

Cotta, Col, Jose G. de Almeida, 

Minas Geraes. 
Calcareous Rocks. 
Gold Quartz. 
Graphite. 
From the Catta Preta Mines. 

Caxambu, Empreza de Aguas, 

Minas Geraes. 
Mineral Waters. 
From several Springs, recommended 
for stomach trouble and skin diseases. 

Central do Brazil, E. de F., 

Minas Geraes. 
Marble from Rodrigo Silva. 

Curytiba, Com. M., Parana. 

Alum. 

Calcareous Rocks. 
Asphalt. 
Silex. 

Cruz, Porhyrio Sandy da. Parana. 

Emery Sand. 

Parana. 
Rio de Janeiro. 



Castro. Com. M., 

Granite and Clay. 



Coelho. Dr. E.. 

Common Salt. 
From the extensive salt works of 
Cabo Frio. 

Cuite. Com. M. de. Parahyba. 

Kaolin. 
Crystals and Various Ores. 



146 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND METALLURGY- CONTINUED 
Dias, Major R. de Paula, 



Minas Geraes. 

Chromic Iron Ore. 

Gold Ores and Magnetic Iron 
from the tassara and velloso 
Gold Mines. 

Campos, Col. Symphronio, 

Minas Geraes. 

Gold Orf,s from the Caethe 
Mines. 

D'Avila, Pantaleao Marques, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Iron Ores, Oligistic and Magnetic. 

Daudt Filho, Joao, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gold Quartz. 

Dom Pedrito, Intend, de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gold Quartz. 

Carboniferous Schists and Car- 
boniferous Ores. 

Feldspath, Clay Noduls, Ferrugin- 
ous Ores. 



Debize, Luiz, 

Slate. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Dahne, Dr. Eugenio, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Crystals and Agates. 



Dreher, Edmundo, 

Agates. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Espirito Santo, Padre J. A. do, 

Minas Geraes. 

ClNNABRIUM AND OTHER ORES. 



Esperanca, Usina, 
Iron Ores. 



Minas Geraes. 



Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto, 

Minas Geraes. 
Fine collection of 32 samples of ores 
and minerals, all from the Ouro Preto 
District, including ores of iron, zinc, gold, 
manganese, oligist, itabirites, scorodites, 
epidotites, chromium, etc. 

Extractiva Mineral do Brazil, Comp., 

Bahia. 
Mineral Oils, Bituminous Shales. 
A very large deposit exists at Marahu 
on the seacoast. 

Ferraz, Luiz Caetano, Minas Geraes. 

Gold Ores and Other Ores from 
Palma and Villa Nova Mines. 

Faria, Major Antonio, Minas Geraes. 

Gold Ores and Quartz and Pyr- 
ites FROM THE P. FARTA MIXES. 

Fortes, Dr. Carlos Da Silva, 

Minas Geraes. 
Asbestos. 



Feira de Sant' Anna, Com., M. da 
Clay and Products. 



Furtado, Dr. Manoel A., 

Samples of Aluminum. 



Bahia. 
S. Paulo. 



Figueiredo, Antonio C, 
Calcareous Rock. 



Matto Grosso. 



Franca, Jeronymo T., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Collection of Silicious Crystals 
with Water. 
Felicissimo, Major Arthur, 

Minas Geraes. 
Splendid Collection of 316 Sam- 
ples of Ores and Minerals, All 
Found in the State. 

Franca, Ignacio, Parana. 

Coal from a Deposit Found at 
Imbituva. 

Flack & Co., Cezar, Rio de Janeiro. 

Ochres, Talcum, Kaolin and Gyp- 
sum. 

Figueiredo, Urbano de, Parahyba. 

Calcareous Stones with Interior 
Impressions of Mollusks. 



Gomes, Dr. Almeida, 



Minas Geraes. 



Gold Quartz from the Cibrao 
Mines. 



Gandarella, Comp., 
Marbles. 



Minas Geraes. 



Goncaives Ramos & Co., Empreza, 

Minas Geraes. 
Manganese Ores from Gage 
Mines. 



Gomes, Leopoldo, 

Diabatic Rocks. 



Minas Geraes. 



E. Santo. 



Governo Federal, 

Monasite Sands. 
From these sands are extracted cerium 
and thorium, metals used in immense 
quantities in the manufacture of the well- 
known Welsbach incombustible mantles 
used for incandescent lights. There are 
enormous deposits of these valuable sands 
in the States of E. Santo, Bahia and Rio 
de Janeiro. 

Gomes & Co., Otero, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Manganese Ores. 

Governo do Estado, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Iceland-Spath, Granite, Gold 
nuggets and ores (quartz and schists) 
calcareous rocks, collection of agates, 
carboniferous schists, collection of 
crystals, mica, emery, oligistic iron, 
magnetic iron, glance, carbonate of 
copper, asbestos, gold quartz, with 
molybdene, manganese ores, ochres, 
petrified wood, building stones, mar- 
ble, basalt, amorphous quartz, pre- 
pared ochres, copper ores, polished 
agates, and malachites, rock crystal, 
amethysts. 



147- 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND METALLURGY— CONTINUED 
Gravatahy, Intend, de. 
Gees. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Lapa, Com. M. de, 
Gres. 



Galvao, Dr. Felippe R., Matto Grosso. 

Micaceous Clays and Limomtm 
Ochres. ( Tabatinga ) . 

Governo do Estado, Matto Grosso. 

Gold Nugget Weighing Nearly 
half a pound found in one of the 
streets of the city of Cuyaba, the 
Capital of Matto Grosso, one of the 
richest States of Brazil in minerals 
and precious stones. 

Guedes, Francisco de Paula, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Tripolitan Sands. 

Gordon, John, Bahia. 

Manganese Ores. 

Huebel, J., Parana. 

Gres. 

Ipanema, F. de Ferro, S. Paulo. 

Iron Ores and Clay. 



Jardim, Col. A. E. de Assis, 



Minas Geraes. 



Gold Ores. 



Jesus, Dr. Palhano, Maranhao. 

Calcareous Stones and Lime. 



Kluppe, Eduardo, 

Abrasive Stone 



Parana. 
Minas Geraes. 



Lima, Dr. Augusto, 
Iron. 
Gold. 
Zinc. 
Copper and Manganese Ores. 

Lopes, Dr. Prado, Minas Geraes. 

Collection of Samples of Oli- 
gistic Iron, Etc. 

Gold Pyrites with Scorodite 
Crystals. 

Lima, Dr. Gomes de, Minas Geraes. 

Marble and Serpentines. 

Luiz, Casermio Ribeiro, Minas Geraes. 
Ochres. 



Luciano, Joaquim, 
Ochres. 



Minas Geraes. 



Luce & Co., Archer. Rio Grande do Sul. 
Coppper Ores, Glance and Carbon- 
ate from the primravera mines. 

Lages, Com. M. de, Sta. Catharina. 

Bi ii. i>i ng Stones. 

Lambary & Cambuquira, Empreza, 

Minas Geraes. 
.\l I NERAL \V.\ l l RS. 



Lima, Braulio W., 
M \i:m.i:. 



Parana. 



Lorena, Com. M. de. 
Talcum. 

Martha, Rutilio A., 
Mica. 

Murse, Pedro, 
Ochre. 



Parana. 
S. Paulo. 



Minas Geraes. 



Minas Geraes, 



Machado, Virgilio, Minas Geraes. 

Limestones and Lime. 

Minas de S. Jeronymo, Comp. E. de F. e, 
Rio Grande do Sul. 
Coal. 
Of the well defined coal formation ex- 
tending from S. Paulo to Rio Grande do 
Sul the richest deposits seem to be in the 
latter State. Several important basins, 
such as those at Candiota, Herval, Ar- 
roio dos Ratos, etc., have been explored 
and that of Arroio dos Ratos has been 
found to extend over 170 miles, with an 
average breadth of from 6 to 12 miles, 
the coal being of very good quality. 

Mines de Cuivre de Camaquan, Soc, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Copper Ores, Rocks, Glance, Pyr- 
ites, Concentrates. 
This company owns large mines at 
Camaquan, which are very rich. 

Mines d' Or du Cerrito, Soc, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gold Ores. 



Moura, Intend, de, 

Sandstone. 



Amazonas. 



Macedo, Joao Ribeiro, Parana. 

Mineral Waters and Ochres. 

Morro da Mina, Comp., Minas Geraes. 
Manganese Ores. 
Splendid samples from Lafayette 
Mines, weight of one of the samples 
6,351 lbs. 

Macedo, Col. Joaquim Pereira de, 

Parana. 

Quartz Crystals. 

Ochres. 

Coal. 

Copper Ores. 
Coal has been found lately in various 
places in the State of Parana. The cop- 
per is from the rich Copper Mines of 
Guarapuava. 



Marcos, F., 
Marble. 

Mercer, F. H., 
Mercury 



Parana. 



Parana. 



Mossoro, Intend, de. 

Rio Grande do Norte. 
Li mi.. Sulphate of Li me. 

CiYi'sr \i. 



148 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND METALLURGY— CONTINUED 



Macau Intend, de, Rio Grande do Norte. 
Common Salt. 
The preparation of salt is one of the 
main industries of this State and the 
salt works are complete and of the most 
modern type. 



Meira E. Sa, Dez. F., de Salles, 
Various Ores. 

Margarida, Comp. Salinas, 
- Common Salt. 



Parahyba. 
Bahia. 



Netto, Guilherme G., Minas Geraes. 

Limonite, Iron Ores and Pyrites 
from the Antonio Pereira Moun- 
tains. 

Nogueira, J. Baptista B., Minas Geraes. 
Thirty-three Varieties of Ochres 
from ouro preto. 



Nazareth, Euclydes, 
Granite. 

Natal, Fazenda do, 

Clays and Ochres. 



Amazonas. 



Bahia. 



Ouro Preto Gold Mines of Brazil, Ld., 

Minas Geraes. 
Gold and Other Ores from the 
Passagem Mines. 

Ofyntho, Dr. Antonio, Minas Geraes. 

Calcareous Stones, Gold and Dia- 
mond Gravel. 

Oliveira, Col. Antonio Vaz, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Carboniferous Schists. 

Otta, Carlos A., Rio Grande do Sul. 

Turmaline, Quartz, Ferruginous 
Gold Quartz. 

Oliveira, Dr. Luiz de, Parahyba. 

Various Ores. 

Oliveira, H. Jose de, Parana. 

Granite and Clay. 

Oliveira, Julio Basilio, S. Paulo. 

Abrasive Stones. 

Paula, Dr. Joaquim F. de, Minas Geraes. 
clnnabrium and copper ores, chal- 
copyrites, Etc. 

Pimentel, Col. Affonso, Minas Geraes. 
Gold and Other Ores and Ochres 
from s. joao del rey. 

Oliveira, J. Custodio, Minas Geraes. 

Various Ores. 

PauLa, Zacarias de, Parana. 

Copper from the Guarapuava 
Mines. 



Pereira & Nelson, 
Mica. 
Ochres. 
Iron Ores. 



S. Paulo. 



Porto Alegre, Intend, de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Granite, Slate. Whetstones, Ame- 
thysts, Petrified Wood. 

Porto, Pedro Alves, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Collection of Crystal Amethysts. 

Beautiful and large amethysts are found 
found near Quarahy. 



Paranagua, Com. M. de, 
Clays and Kaolin 
Manganese Ores. 

Perotto, Pedro, 

Abrasive Stones. 



Parana. 



Parana 



Ponta Grossa, Com. M., Parana. 

Silicious Sand and Slate (Purple 
and Blue). 



Penteado, Luiz Antonio, 

Pumice Stone. 



Parana. 



Palhares, Gruhn & Co., Rio de Janeiro. 
Mineral Water, Salutaris. 

The Springs producing this delicious 
and medicinal table water are located at 
Parahyba do Sul. This water is spe- 
cially recommended for stomach, liver, 
kidney and bladder troubles. 

Queiroz, Hermogenes J., Minas Geraes. 
Iron Ores. 

Quarahy, Intend, de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Clays, Purple and Yellow, Crys- 
tals, Agates. 

Queluz de Minas, Comp. Manganez, 

Minas Geraes. 
Manganese Ores. 
Beautiful samples from Queluz Mines, 
one of them weighing 1,320 lbs. 

Rotulo Ld., Minas Geraes. 

Magnetic Iron and Gold Ores. 

Ramos, D. Amelia da Silva, 

Minas Geraes. 
Lime and Sands. 

Rocha, Raymundo T. G., Minas Geraes. 
Copper and Lead Ores from Sete 
Lagoas. 

Rocha, Americo T. G., Minas Geraes. 

Ochres, Kaolix and Silver Ores 
from Sete Lagoas. 

Richardson, C. J., Minas Geraes. 

Gold Ores from the Juca Vieira 
Mines. 



Resende, Luiz de, 
Crystals. 
A very fine collection, 



Minas Geraes. 



149 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND METALLURGY- CONTINUED 



Rowe & Mossel ma nn, Bahia. 

.Mica. Manganese Ore. 
Graphite. 

Plumbago, Various Orks and 
Minerals. 
The State of Bahia is one of the rich- 
est mineral states of Brazil. Besides 
the above minerals gold, diamonds and 
silver are plentiful in the State. 

Rosat, Augusto, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Gold Ores and Nuggets. Pyrites, 
Agates from the Bom Petiro and 
Rosat Mines. 

Ribeiro, Francisco A., Matto Grosso. 

Gold. 

Diamonds. 

Gres. 
All from the Coxim and Jauru Rivers. 
The formation is distinctively volcanic; 
eruptive rocks, melaphyr, porphyry, etc., 
are abundant; many petrified trees have 
also been found. The gravel is composed 
of oolith of lime silex, porphyry, tra- 
chyte, quartz and sands. Besides gold 
and diamonds are found also tin, iron, 
sulphur, etc., rubies, topaz, turquoise, 
lapis-lazuli and other precious stones 
and metals. 

Rocha, Jose Victorino, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Ochres and Gold Nuggets. 
Carboniferous Schists. 

Rio Negro, Com. M. de, Parana. 

Whetstone. 

Rodovalho, Antonio Proost., S. Paulo. 
Various Ores. 

Soucassaux, Francisco, Minas Geraes. 
Chromic Iron Ores — Gold Ores 
and Magnetic Iron. 

Silveira, Cunha, Sta. Catharina. 

Iron Ores. 

Very abundant in this State, where coal 
deposits have just been discovered. 

S. Francisco, Com. M. de, 

Sta. Catharina. 
Ltme made of Shells. 

S. Gabriel, Municipio de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Marble, Copper Ores, Pyrites from 
the Bom Retiro Mines. 

Severo, Pedro de B., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gold Quartz. 

S. A. da Patrulha Int. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Enri'TivK Rocks, Siakkal Varieties. 



Secco, Eduardo, 
Crystals. 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Senna, Dr. J. C. Costa, Minas Geraes. 

STOLTZITE AM) SCHEELITE. 



Santos, Joao I. dos, Rio de Janeiro. 

Mica. 

St. John d'EI Rey Gord Mining Company, 

Minas Geraes. 
Gold Ores from the Morro Velho 

Mines. 
The largest and best mine in Brazil. 

Silveira, Dr. Alvaro A. da, Minas Geraes. 
Talcum, Plumbagine and Mica 

from S. Joao Del Rey Mink. 

Soares, Majors B. and M. B., 

Minas Geraes. 
Manganese Ores and Iron Ores. 

Simoes, J. J., Goncalves, Minas Geraes. 
Various Pyrites and Ores from 
the Gamba Mine. 



Sa., Col. Domiciano F. de, 



Gold Ores. 



Minas Geraes. 



Silva, Major A. T. da, Minas Geraes. 

Chromic Iron and Serpentine. 

Schenman, Carlos, Parana. 

Marble. 

Silva, Dr. Jose Goncalves da, Bahia. 

Copper Ores. 

Souza, Samuel de, Rio Grande do Su!. 
Gold Quartz and Native Metallic 
Gold. 

Silva, F. Jose da, Matto Grosso. 

White Limestone. 

Santa, Luic Martin, Matto Grosso. 

Calcareous Rock. 

Santo, Antonio, Intend, de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Sandstone, Eruptive Rocks (Mel- 
aphyr, Trapp and Other Varieties). 

Silves, Intend, de, 
Gypsum. 



Amazonas. 
Parana. 
Serro Azul, Com. Municipal de, 



Schimmelpfeng, Viuva, 
Kaolin. 



Rose Marble. 



Parana. 



Silva, Francisco Xavier da, Parana. 

Eraterite and Red Granite 
Streaked. 

S. Jose dos Pinhaes, Com. M. de, 



Parana. 



Ibon Ore. 



Scheling, Augusto, 

Abrasive Stone 



Parana. 



S. J. de Montenegro, Intend, de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gkls Melaphyr i ok Construction. 

Souza, Dr. A. M. Peixoto de. 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Graph cte. 

There is a large deposit at S. Fidelis. 

Sampaio, Dr. M. F. de Almeida, Bahia. 
Manganese Ore. 



150 



DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND METALLURGY-CONTINUED 



The Vista Alegre Gold Mining Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Gold Ores. 

The Trans-Pacific Co., Matto Grosso. 

Gold and Gold Sands. 

Diamonds and Gravel. 
This is one of the companies which 
exploit the deposits of the Coxipo and 
other rivers by means of dredges. The 
yield averages 25 grains to a cubic yard 
of sand, in which valuable diamonds are 
also found. 

Thereza, Christina E. F. D., 

Sta. Catharina. 
Coal. 
Important coal deposits have been 
found and are being worked along the 
line of this railroad of the State. 



Tibagy, Com. Municipal 
Saltpetre. 
Glaubers Salt. 



Parana. 



Unzer, Totila, Minas Geraes. 

Polishing Stone and Crystal. 



Uniao, Banco, 
Marble. 



Parana. 



S. Paulo. 



Uniao, Banco, 
Marble. 
This bank owns some of the best mar- 
ble quarries in the States of S. Paulo 
and Parana. 



Ulsen Junior, Andre, 
Ochres. 



S. Paulo. 



Uruguayana, Intend, de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Oxide of Copper and Metallic Cop- 
per. 
Large deposits exist near the city of 
Rio Grande do Sul on the Quarahy River. 

Vieira, Paul, Minas Geraes. 

Aluminum Ore, Hydrargilite. 
Topaz, Rutile, Turmalines from 
H. Hargreave's Mines. 

Vasconcellos, Padre M. M. Pereira de, 

Minas Geraes. 

Various Ores. 

Vieira Filho, H. Jose, Matto Grosso. 

cllalcopyrite. malachite ( copper 
Ore). 

Galena (Lead Ore) from the 
Jauru River Valley. 



Vergas, Col., 
Marble. 

Vecchio, Angelo, 
Iron Ores. 



Rio Grande do Su! 



Parana. 



Virginio, Manoel E., Matto Grosso. 

Oltgistk' Iron Ore. 

Wigg, Usina, Minas Geraes. 

Manganese Okks from the Miguel 
Burnier Mines. 



GROUP U7. 

Mine Models, Maps, Photographs, 
Rotulo Ld., Minas Geraes. 

Photographs. 

St. John del Rey Gold Mining Co., 

Minas Geraes. 
Photographs and Maps. 

The Trans-Pacific Co., Matto Grosso. 

Photographs of Dredge. 

Wigg, Usina, Minas Geraes. 

Map of Manganese Mines. 



GROUP U8. 

Metallurgy, 

Bretas, Affonso, Minas Geraes. 

Manufactured Iron. 

Becker & Irmao, Jose, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs of Shops. 

Esperanca, Usina, Minas Geraes. 

Manufactured Iron. 

Miller & Filho, Mines Geraes. 

Iron. 

Mines de Cuivre de Camaquan, Soc, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Copper. 

Ipanema, F. de Ferro, S. Paulo. 

Samples of Iron. 



Vasconcellos, Manoel A., Maranhao. 

Limestone and Lime. 



GROUP U9, 
Literature of Mining, Metallurgy, Etc, 

Ferraz, Luiz, Minas Geraes. 

Report on Auriferous Deposits of 
Palma. 

Governo do Estado, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Maps. 

Medrado, Alcides, Minas Geraes. 

Brazilian Mining Review. 

Minas, Escola de. Minas Geraes. 

Annual Proceedings of this 
Mining School. 



151- 




Interior View Brazilian Section Forestry, Fish and Game. 



DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME 

GROUPS i20 to !24 

BRAZIL'S area of over 3,218,130 square miles, peopled only by 20 million inhabitants, is 
still covered by dense and vast forests where game of all kinds is abundant and will be 
for many years to come. 

An enormous variety of four-footed game of all sizes known to exist in tropical countries, with 
very few exceptions, is found in every part of the country. Tapirs, wolves, capivaras, foxes, wild 
boars, pacas, deer, lontras, tamandus, etc., are plentiful and their skin valuable* 

Alligators, land and water tortoises and other amphibious animals, are found in all the large 
rivers and lakes* 

The ornithology of Brazil includes the most varied and beautiful birds, whose magnificent ap- 
pearance and colors can be seen and admired both in this Department and in that of the Varied 
Industries, 

As there is very little exportation of skins, furs and feathers from Brazil to other countries, hunt- 
ing is done for sport only, or in some places for the protection of cattle. For this reason Brazil's ex- 
hibit is very small in this Department and only a few skins, birds and birds' eggs are shown. 
Among the exhibits the most prominent ones are those belonging to Messrs. A. Jacobsen and Carlos 
Ritter, who show beautiful specimens of taxidermy and a fine collection of birds. 

Unfortunately, on account of lack of time for preparation, and owing to the spoiling of a few 
specimens on the voyage, in the Fish Department the exhibits consist simply of a few models of fish- 
ing tackle, nets, traps, canoes, etc., and some samples of whale and other oils. 

In the waters of the Atlantic, that wash the long coast-line of Brazil, is found the largest variety 
of salt water fish, mollutks, etc. In the Bay of Rio de Janeiro alone, 94 varieties of well known and 
classified fishes are sold on the putlic markets. The rivers and lakes of Brazil abound in fish. 

The best exhibits of this section are those of the State Government of Amazonas, of the Inspec- 
toria de Cac,a e Pesca of Rio de Janeiro, and that of Captain H. Boiteux of Parana. 



GROUP 121. 
Products of Hunting. 
Agricultura, Secretaria da, Bahia. 

Stuffed Animals am> Bibds. 
Abmadillo Shells. 
Almeida Filho, Dr. Joao B. de, 

Matto Grosso. 
Skins OF 4 VARIETIES OF MONKEYS 

\M) 1 OF Jaguatlbica (Pelis Mitus). 
Arruda, Joao P. de, Matto Grosso. 

Skin of Lontba ( Li tea }. 



Argollo, Cardoso & Co., Bahia. 

HkKO.N AM) OSIKKII FkATUKKS. 

Barros, A. P. Alves de, Matto Grosso. 

Skin of ()n< a (Felis). 
Bastos, Celestino A. Matto Grosso. 

Skin OF YOUNG TAPIB. 
Bouret Annibal, Matto Grosso. 

Skin of Jaguatbica and Onca 

( Jaguab ). 
Barcellos, Intendencia de. Amazonas. 

Skins OF WILD Animals. 



- 152 



DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME -CONTINUED 



Carvalho, Dr. A. A. Figueiredo, 

Parahyba. 
Stuffed Alligator, Feathers and 
Snake-rattles. 

Commissao do Estado, Goyaz. 

Ostrich Eggs. 

Commissao do Estado, Piauhy. 

Skins of Wild Animals. 
Ostrich Oil. 

Commissao do Estado, Amazonas. 

Collection of Birds and Eggs. 

Commissao do Estado, Matto Grosso. 

Skins of 2 Varieties of Onca 
(Felis). 
1 of Tamandua Bandeira (Myrme- 

COPHAGO). 

1 of Wolf (Canus Jubatus), 1 of 
Agouti. 



Del Claro, Samuel, 
Skin. 



Parana. 



Dom Pedrito, Com. de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Ostrich Feathers. 



Feira de Sant' Anna, C. M. de, 
Skins of Wild Animals. 



Bahia. 



Jacobsen, Alberto, Rio de Janeiro. 

Stuffed Animals, Skins and 
Shells. 

Jacobsen, Alfredo, Rio de Janeiro. 

Alligators, Snakes, Lizards and 
Insects. 

Jacobsen, Madame Alice, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Feathers, Birds and Nests. 
The taxidermist work done by these 
three last exhibitors is very fine, and in 
their collection is shown a large number 
of birds and insects. 

Krone, Ricardo, S. Paulo. 

Collection of Eggs and Nests. 

Mossoro, Intendencia de, 

Rio Grande do Norte. 
Skins of Wild Animals. 

Macedo, D. Elisa de, Rio de Janeiro. 

Stuffed Animals and Snake 
Skins. 

Mattos, Joaquim F. de, Matto Grosso. 

Heron Wings. 

Oscar & Carvalho, Parana. 

2 Skins of Ariranha (Lutra), 2 

of Jauatirica (Felis), 1 of Gra- 
xahim, 1 of coati. 

Palmas, Com. de, Parana. 

Skin of Tapir. 

Patrulha, Com. de, Rio Grande do Sul. 

2 Skins of Monkeys, 3 of Jagua- 

tirica (Felis), 3 of Onca (Felis), 1 

of Young Tapir, 1 of Lontra 

(Lutra). 



Ritter, Carlos, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Beautiful Collection of Birds of 
the State of Rio Grande do Sul. 

Schneider, Frederico, Matto Grosso. 

Skin of Alligator. 

Senna, Nelson de, Minas Geraes. 

1 Skin of Cangussu (Jaguar). 
4 Skins of Sussuarana (Jaguar). 
1 Skin of Lontra (Lutra). 

Sociedade Paulista de Agricultura Com- 
mercio e Industria, S. Paulo. 

Eggs and Nests of Birds. 

Vieira Filho, H. Jose, Matto Grosso. 

Skin of Lontra (Lutra). 



GROUP 122. 
Fishing Epuipment and Products. 

Crespo, Constantino G., Matto Grosso. 
Model of Fishing Boat Used on 
the Rivers of the State 

Governo do Estado, Amazonas. 

Fishing Canoes, Nets, Traps, 

Lines, Harpoons, Cords, Materials 

for Nets, Traps, Floats, Clubs, 

Baskets, Etc. 

This is a very complete and interesting 

collection of fishing appliances used on 

the rivers and lakes of the State. 

Boiteux, Henrique, Parana. 

Collection of Nets and Fishing 
Tackle. 
Used on the coast of Parana for fish, 
shrimps, mollusks, etc. 

Pekorski, Anastacio, Parana. 

Cords for Fishing Purposes. 

Jacobsen, Alberto, Rio de Janeiro. 

Stuffed Fish, Models of Fishing 
Catamarans. 

Pesca E. Caca, I. G. de Mattas, 

Rio de Janeiro. 

Collection of Fishing Nets and 
Traps Used in the Bay of Rio de 
Janeiro. 
Album and descriptive book of fish- 
ing appliances and varieties of fish found 
in the Bay of Rio de Janeiro. 



GROUP 123. 

Products of Fisheries. 

Agricultura, Secretaria da, Bahia. 

Whale Oil. 

Governo do Estado, Amazonas. 

Pirarucu Shells and Tongues. 
Dried Fish (Pirarucu Flour). 
Fish and Turtle Oil. 

Novaes, Joao, Amazonas. 

Pirarucu Flour (Dried Fish). 

S. Salvador, C. Municipal de, Bahia. 

Whale Oil. 



153 




DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY 



GROUPS J 25 to J 28 

THE anthropological collections exhibited are not very large, but are, however, exceedingly- 
interesting and of great value to those interested in this branch of study. 

In Brazil there are, belonging to Federal and State Governments and to some private 
parties and museums, valuable collections too precious to run the risk of a long voyage and which 
would require very careful handling and packing* Among the collections exhibited there are three 
that contribute greatly to the knowledge of the earlier races that inhabited that part of South America 
previous to its discovery. 

The State Government of Amazonas has a splendid collection of articles from the tribes which 
formerly inhabited the banks of the Uaupes River and its affluents; many of these tribes have already 
disappeared and the remaining few are now living in reservations under the care of the Government, 

In this collection are shown arms for ceremonies, war, hunt- 
ing and fishing, cooking utensils, household goods, musical instru- 
ments, dresses commonly used for festival and funeral ceremonies, 
funeral urns and shields, ceramic articles, tobacco, rosins, curare 
poison, implements in stone, wood and bones, shields in leather, etc, 
hammocks, baskets, fibre tissues, fish-traps, ropes, canoes, and some 
photographs showing types of Indians of various tribes, their habita- 
tions and villages, etc. 

Another important collection is the one belonging to Mr, Mi- 
randa Ribeiro, which consists of a large number of articles from 
Indian tribes living in the interior of the States of Amazonas, Para, 
Goyaz and Parana and from some extinct tribes also, 

Mr. Ribeiro's collection, among other relics, contains arms, 
dresses, ornaments, implements, musical instruments, articles in 
stone and clay, etc, 

Mr. Ricardo Krone exhibits a fine collection of relics from the 
State of S. Paulo, and some photographs. This collection is very 




MR. J. C. AXVES DE LIMA 

Commissioner in chaise of Department 

of Anthropology 



-154- 



DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY- CONTINUED 

interesting and consists of articles having belonged to extinct tribes which inhabited the coast of the 
State of S. Paulo and lived on fish and mollusks. With these bones and shells, mixed with earth, 
they formed small elevations, some about 60 feet high, known as "Sambaquis." 

The study of the Paleo-ethnology or Prehistoric Archeology in Brazil, during the last century, 
occupied the attention of many foreign and Brazilian anthropologists who, after long, patient, as 
well as painstaking investigations, have collected positive and valuable facts in order to obtain a 
correct knowledge of the origin, language, customs, etc., of the original inhabitants of South America. 

Among others, the following men have written interesting memoirs and books on this subject : 
Dr. Pieter Lund (who, during 30 years, studied over 800 caves in the State of Minas Geraes alone, 
made a great number of important discoveries), Messrs. Paul Ehrenreigh, Prince de Weidreuwied, 
Blumenback, A. d'Orbigny, Hart, Von den Stein, Lucian Adam, Exhewege, H. von Ihering, Ch. 
Rath, Ambrosetti, T. Araripe, Telemaco Borba, Claro Monteiro, Sa e Oliveira, Ferreira Penna, Rod- 
rigues Ferreira, Von Koseritz, Theodoro de Sampaio, Couto de Magalhaes, J. B. de Lacerda, Tau- 
nay, Borges dosReis, and many others. 



GROUP 125. 
Literature. 

Caldas, J. Augusto, Matto Grosso. 

Pamphlet Describing the Bor- 

OROS COROADOS TRIBE THEIR CUS- 
TOMS and Manner of Living, Etc. 

Ihering, Dr. H. Von, S. Paulo. 

Books on the Anthropology of the 
State of S. Paulo. 
Dr. Von Ihering has spent many years 
in the study of Antropology and Ethnol- 
ogy in different parts of Brazil and has 
been one of the most distinguished and 
painstaking students, among those who 
have devoted themselves to this class of 
work. A great deal of what is known 
about the Indians of Brazil is due to his 
successful work. 

Reis, Borges dos, Bahia. 

Book on the Indians of the State 

of Bahia. 

Mr. Borges dos Reis, who for many 

years has been making a thorough study 

of the Indians of the State of Bahia, has 

written a very interesting book on this 

subject. 



GROUP 127. 

Ethnology. 

Azambuja, Antonio A., Matto Grosso. 



Indian Ornaments 
bis"' Tribe. 



of the "Caja- 



Almeida Filho, Dr. J. B. de, 

Matto Grosso. 
Indian Hammock and Craniums 

OF THE "BACHAIRIS" TRIBE. 



Badariotti, Padre Nicolao, 

Minas Geraes. 
Indian Articles made of Stone. 

Bodstein, Jorge, Matto Grosso. 

Indian War Arms of the "Car- 
ajas" Tribe. 

Balzala, Padre, Matto Grosso. 

Indian Articles. 
Padre Balzala is the director of the 
Indian Colony or Reservation of the 
"Bororos Coroados" Indians. This colony 
is maintained by Catholic Missionaries, 
has 150 Indians, belonging to 24 families 
and was founded in August, 1903. The 
Indians receive elementary instruction, 
learn a trade and occupy themselves 
with agricultural work. 

Barros, A. P. Alves de, Matto Grosso. 
Collection of Bows, Arrows and 
Ornaments. 



Bastos, Joaquim J. da Cunha, 
Indian Collar. 



Goyaz. 



Commissao do Estado, Matto Grosso. 

Arms of the "Mambares" Tribe. 
Ornaments of the "Parects" and 
"Barbados" Tribes. 

Camargo, A. D. Pompeo, Matto Grosso. 
Arms and Ornaments. 

Carmo, J. Netto C., Goyaz. 

Vegetable Fibres and Tobacco as 

Prepared and used by Tin-: Indians. 

Costa, F. Martins, Goyaz. 

Palm Fibres used by Indians for 
Hammocks. Dresses. Etc. 



155 



DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY— CONTINUED 



Jorge, Dr. Estellita, 
Indian Arrows. 



Amazonas. 



Krone, Ricardo, S. Paulo. 

Photographs, Collection of 
Shells and Relics from the "Sam- 
baquis" of the state of s. paulo. 

The following articles form a very in- 
teresting collection : 

Malan, Padre A., Matto Grosso. 

Collection of Articles of the 
"Carajas" Tribe. 

Novis, Dr. Augusto, Matto Grosso. 

Drinking Cup used by the Indians. 

Peril lo, J., Goyaz. 

Vegetable Fibres used by the In- 
dians. 

Roche, Alphonse, Matto Grosso. 

Arms, Musical Instrument, Dress, 
Etc. 



Ribeiro, Dr. Miranda, Rio de Janeiro. 
Collection of Arms, Dresses, 
ornaments, implements, stoneware, 
etc., used by Indians of the States 
of Amazonas, Para, Goyaz and Pa- 
rana. 

The following collection is large and 
very carefully selected: 

State Government, Amazonas. 

Collection of Indian Articles of 

the Tribes of the Uaupes River 

and its Tributaries. 
This collection contains 189 different 
varieties of articles in ceramics, house- 
hold goods, ornaments, furniture, arms for 
sport and war, hunting and fishing, fish- 
ing traps, hammocks, shields, tools, fun- 
eral urns, canoe, wooden vessels for the 
fermentation of beverages, poison, rosins, 
tobacco, fibres stone articles, musical in- 
struments, fishing nets, utensils, and 
some photographs showing the manner 
of living and type of some of the In- 
dians of the State. 

Zedes, Moyses Lopes, Goyaz. 

Indian Head, Ornament and Cane. 




-156 



DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL ECONOMY 

GROUPS *29 to J4J 

BRAZIL is comparatively a new country, and its growth and development, especially of 
late years, after the change in the form of Government, have been steady and fairly rapid. 
In its social and economic conditions, the country has been more or less guided by the 
results and experiences obtained in the countries of Europe and the United States, naturally modified 
according to the circumstances and adapted to the conditions peculiar to the country, people, climate, etc. 

The study and investigation of social and economic conditions are being undertaken constantly 
and the Government is well equipped with bureaus, offices and officers; a large number of private 
bureaus, museums, boards of trade, reform associations, etc., are in existence, instruction in economic 
and social economy is given in all of the higher schools of the country and a few regular and many 
occasional publications are made on these subjects. 

The physical resources and characteristics of the country and of each state, the development of 
the means of transportation, by land, river or sea, the location and organization of industrial enter- 
prises are being studied constantly, protected and fostered by the respective Governments especially the 
Agricultural and Mining Industries. Unfortunately coal has not yet been mined in sufficient quantities 
to make Brazil a great manufacturing centre of the world, although she possesses now all the other 
requirements, such as the best iron and manganese ores in the world, magnificent and abundant 
woods of which nearly 2,000 varities can be used for all purposes, splendid water-power distributed all 
over the country, etc., etc. 

The regulation of industries, and labor pertaining to factories, railways, mines, navigation, etc., 
are practically well organized. 

Brazil has no need of labor organizations and there are practically no labor disturbances or 
disputes. The methods of industrial remuneration vary a great deal according to the kind of work. 
Wages are usually paid weekly, fortnightly, monthly or by the piece. In many cases, however, 
premiums are given, profit sharing being considered, as well as co-operation or co-partnership. 

The co-operative societies are very few in number, consisting mostly of credit and banking institu- 
tions and agricultural organizations. There are banking and insuranc institutions of all kinds in large 
numbers, which are well organized and paying concerns. 

The working-classes are as a rule well-housed, the houses being built generally by private 
parties or industrial associations, under direct inspection of Municipal Authorities. Rents and living 
are always reasonable. The Liquor Question does not exist in Brazil, as there is very little excess in- 
or abuse of liquor in the country. 

Movements for the general betterment of conditions are being constantly agitated in Brazil; 
there is a very large number of provident, charitable, beneficient, humane, social, educational, religious 
and hospital societies, which take care of the poor and sick, orphans, destitute children and adults, etc. 

The neglected, delinquent and destitute children are esqecially cared for by the State Govern- 
ments and Municipalities and private institutions. The care of destitute adults, the care and relief of 
needy families, etc., are attended by private associations. 

There are also many hospitals, dispensaries and asylums belonging to the Government and to 
private parties for the care of the sick, insane, feeble-minded, foundlings, etc. 

Much attention is paid to public hygiene in all the states. Investigations are being made con- 
stantly and splendid results have been obtained from the methods employed for the prevention of in- 
fectious diseases. Private, industrial and public sanitation is being improved constantly. 

Municipal improvement is being continually made in all the large cities and in some of the 
smaller ones, which are provided with fire and police protection, -water-supply, sewerage, street- 



157 



DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL ECONOMY-CONTINUED 

lighting, parks, etc., besides pavements, transportation, street cleaning, etc., done by the Municipal- 
ities or by contracts. 

Brazil's exhibit in this department of the Exposition is very small, and not at all adequate to give 
any idea of the actual social and economic conditions of the country. 

However the publications, statistics, reports and photographs exhibited will show the degree of 
advancement reached in some parts of the country with relation to these particular subjects. 



GROUP 129. 

Study and Investigation of Social and Economic 

Conditions. 

Associacao Commercial de Manaos, 

Amazonas. 

COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. 

Associacao Commercial de Santos, 

S. Paulo. 
Statistical Maps Showing the 
Coffee Crop for the Year 1901-1902. 
Each state has its own commercial as- 
sociation which investigates the commer- 
cial conditions and relations of the state 
and looks after the interests of the com- 
mercial classes. 

Agricultura, Ministerio da, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Statistics of General Imports and 
Exports, Shipping, Exchange, Cof- 
fee, Etc., for the Year 1901-1902. 

Agricultura, Secretaria da, Bahia. 

Legislation, Reports and Photo- 
graphs. 

Bandeira Junior, Antonio F., S. Paulo. 
Work on "Industry in the State 
of S. Paulo." 

Fridanza, Cav. F. A., Amazonas. 

Descriptive and Illustrated Book 
on the State of Amazonas. 
This beautifully illustrated book de- 
scribes not only the social and economic 
conditions, but also the geography, his- 
tory, physical resources, etc., of the 
State. 



Medeiros & Co., 

Commercial Year-Book. 



S. Paulo. 



Interior, Secretaria do, 
Photographs. 



S. Paulo. 



Agricultura, Secretaria da, S. Paulo. 

Book on Statistics and General 
Information. 

This book illustrates the splendid con- 
ditions and resources of the State of 
S. Paulo. 

Imprensa Official, Minas Geraes. 

Publications, Repobts, Etc. 

Lindgren, Carlos J., Rio de Janeiro. 

Statistical .Mats on Commerce, 
Etc 



Prefeitura Municipal, Rio de Janeiro. 

Description of Some Industrial 
Establishments. 

Porto-Alegre, Intendencia de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 

Descriptive Account of the City, 

its Resources, Laws, Industries, Etc. 

Ramos, Dr. Ferreira, S. Paulo. 

Industries and Electricity in the 
State of S. Paulo. 
This book gives a description of the 
water power of the State, its utilization, 
illustrating the location, horsepower, etc., 
of the principal water falls, also a very 
interesting description of the handling 
and preparation of coffee for the market. 
A short description of nearly all the in- 
dustries, including mining, is found also 
in this book. 

(A) Governo do Estado, Bahia. 

Reports, Messages to Congress, 
Etc. 

Santos, Dr. J. Americo dos, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Work on "Droughts in Northern 
Brazil.'' 

(A) Governo do Estado, Matto Grosso. 
Brief Notice of Resources of the 
State. 

(A) Governo do Estado, Amazonas. 

Publications, Reports, Etc. 

Santa Anna Nery, B. de, Amazonas. 

Work on the State of Amazonas. 

Sociedade Paulista de Agric. Commercio 
Industria, S. Paulo. 

Photographs. 

(A) Governo do Estado, Minas Geraes. 

Photographs and Publications ox 
Resources of State. 

Legislation abou t Land and Immi- 
gration, Etc. 

(A) Governo do Estado, Rio de Janeiro. 
Publication Describing Economic 
Conditions and Resources of the 
State. 



-158- 



DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL ECONOMY— CONTINUED 



Terceiro Districto Agronomico, S. Paulo. 
Publication Describing Conditions 
and Resources of the District. 



GROUP 130. 
Economic Resources and Organization. 
Danneman & Co., Bahia. 

Photographs of Tobacco Factory. 
Etc. 

Emporio Industrial do Norte, Bahia. 
Photographs of Shops. Stores, 
Etc. 

Echenique Irmaos & Co., 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Work on "State of Rio Grande do 
Sul." 

Johnston & Co., E., S. Paulo. 

Photographs of Coffee Stores and 
the Handling of Coffee. 

Governo do Estado, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Album Showing Some of the 
State Colonies. 



GROUP J39. 
Charities and Correction. 

Casa de Correccao, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs of Penitentiary. 

Hospicio de Alienados, Rio de Janeiro. 
Photographs Showing Buildings 
and Colonies of Insane Asylum. 

Moncorvo Filho, Dr., Rio de Janeiro. 

Work on "Protection of Desti- 
tute Children." 



Desinfectorio Central de Campinas, 

S. Paulo. 
Photographs of Desinfecting 
Plant. Apparatus, Etc. 

Hospital de Isolamento da Capital, 

S. Paulo. 
Photographs of Buildings. Etc. 

Hospital de Isolamento da Capital, 

S. Paulo. 
Photographs of Buildings, Etc. 

Hygiene, Inspectoria de, Bahia. 

Publications, Statistics, Etc. 

Instituto Serumtherapico de Butantan, 

S. Paulo. 
Photographs Showing Bhildings, 
Stables, Laboratories, Etc., where 
Different Kinds of Serum are Pre- 
pared. 

Instituto Vaccinogenico, S. Paulo. 

Photographs of Buildings, Etc., 
for the Preparation of Vaccine. 

Laboratorio Pharmaceutico do Estado. 

S. Paulo. 
Photographs of Building, Rooms, 
Etc. 

Laboratorio de Bromatologia, 

S. Paulo. 
Photographs of Buildings. Etc., 
for the Analysis of Various Pro- 
ducts. 



Penitenciaria, 

Photographs. 



Bahia. 



Silva, Dr. Ferreira da, Rio de Janeiro. 
Report of "Polyclinic of Nic- 
theory." 
This is an institution for the care of 
sick destitute adults. 



GROUP 140. 

Public Health. 

Desinfectorio Central da Capital, 

S. Paulo. 
Photographs of Desinfecting 
Plant, Apparatus, Etc. 



GROUP J4J. 
Municipal Improvement. 

Corpo de Bombeiros, Rio de Janeiro. 

Photographs. 
(See Department of Transportation.) 

Corpo de Bombeiros, S. Paulo. 

Photographs. 
This is one of the best equipped fire 
departments in Brazil. 

Intendencia Municpal, Bahia. 

Legislation, Regulations. Sta- 
tistics. 



PoHcia, Chefia de, 
Photographs. 



S. Paulo. 



159- 



a 



DEPARTMENT OF 

PHYSICAL CULTURE 

GROUPS 142 and *43 



MR. E. Da ROCHA DIAS 
Aid of Commission. 

PHYSICAL CULTURE in Brazil begins with the elementary education given to the 
children in the primary schools. Nearly every school is equipped with implements, has 
fields, gymnasiums, etc., necessary for the physical training of the child. Games and 
exercises are practiced both during class and recreation hours. Athletic sports and games are of a 
milder nature than in the United States. Bicycling, tennis, cricket, fencing, foot races, boat races, 
swimming, rowing and some others constitute the principal sports. 

There are a nunber of amateur athletic associations, and championship contests are regular events 
every year in different parts of the country. One state only is represented here in St. Louis. 



GROUP J43. 
Games for Children and Adults of the Various 

Athletic Organizations. 
Blitz, Radfahrer Verein, 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Photographs. 



Porto, Alegre Football. 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 



Atiradores, Club de, 



Photographs 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



Theoria, Pratica Club, 



Rio Grande do Sul. 



PHOTOGRAPH! 



Regatas de Porto Alegre, Club de, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 

Uniao Velocipedica, Rio Grande do Sul. 
Publications, Photographs and 
Uniforms. 
Relief Map of Grounds and Track. 

Rovira, Ramon, Rio Grande do Sul. 

Photograph of Class. 

Foot ball Porto Alegrense, Gremio, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 

Rudder Verein Germania, 

Rio Grande do Sul. 
Photographs. 




- 160 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

016 215 258 




